英语四级读美文【4】
Unit 4 Economic Views 经济观察
Text 1 Economic Reason for Immigration to America
The third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United States is to have a better life —that is, to raise their standard of living. For the vast majority of the immigrants who came here, it was probably the most compelling reason for leaving their homeland. Because of its incredibly abundant natural resources, the United States appeared to be a “land of plenty”where millions could come to seek their fortunes. Of course, most immigrants did not “get rich overnight,”and many of them suffered terribly, but the majority of them were eventually able to improve upon their former standard of living. Even if they were not able to achieve the economic success they wanted, they could be fairly certain that their children would have the opportunity for a better life. The phrase “going from rags to riches”became a slogan for the great American Dream. Because of the vast riches of the North American continent, the dream came true for many of the immigrants. They achieved material success；they became very attached to material things. Material wealth became a value to the American people. Placing a high value on material possessions is called materialism, but this is a word that most Americans find offensive. To say that a person is materialistic is an insult. To an American, this means that this person values material possessions above all else. Americans do not like to be called materialistic because they feel that this unfairly accuses them of loving only material things and of having no religious values. In fact, most Americans do have other values and ideals. Nevertheless, acquiring and maintaining a large number of material possessions is of great importance to most Americans.
[A] raise [B] insult [C] slogan [D] fortunes [E] attached [F] accuses [G] offensive [H] compelling [I] possessions [J] immigrants [K] incredibly [L] Nevertheless
移民到美国的经济原因
移民在传统上来到美国的第三个原因是为了寻求更好的生活——也就是提高他们的生活标准。对大多数来到这里的移民来说，这大概是最能吸引他们离开祖国的一个因素。因为美国的自然资源惊人地丰富，它看起来就像一块“富足的土地”，成百万的人都可以到那里寻找财富。当然，大多数移民并不能“一夜暴富”，他们中很多人经受了很多苦难，但是绝大多数人的生活标准最终都能够比以前有所提高。即使他们不能得到他们所想要的经济上的发迹，他们也确信他们的孩子会有机会过上更好的生活。短语“从赤贫到暴富”变成了伟大美国梦的一句口号。因为北美洲具有的巨大财富，许多移民的梦想都得到了实现。他们取得了物质上的成功；也变得很看重物质的东西。对美国人来说，物质财富成为了一种价值观。看重物质财富被称为物质主义，但这是一个令大多数美国人感到不快的词。称一个人是物质主义者是对他的一种侮辱。对一个美国人来说，这就意味着这个人将物质财富看得高于一切。美国人不喜欢被称为物质主义者，因为他们感觉这是对他们不公正的指责，指责他们只喜欢物质的东西，而没有宗教价值观。事实上，大多数美国人确实有其他的价值观和理想。不过，获得并拥有大量的物质财富对大多数美国人来说都是非常重要的。
难句解析
1. The third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United States is to have a better life —that is, to raise their standard of living.
【分析】复合句。why 引导定语从句修饰the third reason，将主谓语分开，破折号后的成分是对to have a better life 的解释说明。
2. Because of its incredibly abundant natural resources, the United States appeared to be a “land of plenty”where millions could come to seek their fortunes.
【分析】复合句。句首because of 引导的短语作状语表原因，主句中where 引导的定语从句修饰a“land of plenty”。
3. Americans do not like to be called materialistic because they feel that this unfairly accuses them of loving only material things and of having no religious values.
【分析】多重复合句。because 引导原因状语从句，其中that 引导的从句作feel 的宾语，accuses 后边有两个表并列关系的of 结构，由and 连接，第二个of 前省略了them。
下面我们学习文中标红的高频词#09#09高频词汇
immigrant /9ImIgr5nt/ @@ n. (从外国来的)移民，侨民
【词根】来自immigr(ate)(使移居入境) ＋ant(表人)
【搭配】illegal immigrants非法移民
【引申】〈同根〉emigrant n.移居外国者
【听力例句】The United States is a country of immigrants. 美国是一个移民国家。[06.6]
同根↓
immigrate /9ImIgreIt/ @@ v.移来；使移居入境
【词根】im (进入) ＋migr (迁移) ＋ate (动词后缀) →使迁移入内
【听力例句】She was three when her parents immigrated to America in 1926. 1972年她的父母亲移居到美国的时候她三岁。
[07.6]
同根↓
migrate* /maI9greIt/ @@ vi.移居，迁徙
【搭配】(some birds) migrate twice a year(一些鸟)一年迁徙二次；migrate to America to find work 移居到美国去找工作【引申】〈同根〉emigrate vi.永久移居｜immigrate vt.使移居入境〈反义〉remain vi.保持，逗留｜stay v.逗留
同义巧辨migrate, emigrate, immigrate
migrate用于人和动物，有时含有缺乏永久的居住地之意，尤指出于季节性或定期迁移这两个原因；emigrate 和immigrate 仅用来指人，意味着永久性的迁移，一般指越过政治意义上的疆界。emigrate指“离开此地去某地”，immigrate指“离开某地而进入此地”。
!!!图2
raise* /reIz/ @@ vt.提高；举起；增加；筹款；养育；提出n.加薪；提高，升，举；高处
【搭配】raise one’s standard of living 提高自己的生活水平
【引申】〈同义〉lift vt.提，举｜boost v. & n.提高；激励〈近形〉rise vi.升起，上升｜arise vi.产生，出现
【阅读例句】Some $ 36,000 has been raised in donations from Safeway. Safeway大约筹集了3.6万美元。[05.12] compelling /k5m9pelI((ce))/ @@ a.强制性的；令人信服的；扣人心弦的，激动人心的
【搭配】compelling reasons令人信服的理由；a compelling adventure story扣人心弦的冒险故事
【引申】〈同根〉compel vt.强迫，迫使：compel sb to do sth 迫使某人做某事
【听力例句】For the rest of her talk, she was a forceful and compelling speaker. 余下的演说，她语气坚定，并令人注目。
[06.12]
同根↓
expel /Ik9spel/ @@ v.强迫(某人)离开；用力排出或驱出
【词根】ex(出) ＋pel(推，驱)→把某人驱出→驱逐
【活用例句】Water is sucked in at one end and expelled at the other.水从一端吸进去从另一端排出来。
incredibly /In9kred5blI/ @@ ad.惊人地，难以置信地
【引申】〈同根〉incredible a.难以置信的，不可思议的；不能相信的
【听力例句】It’s incredibly delicious.它非常好吃。[04.1]
fortune* /9fO:tS5n/ @@ n. [常pl. ] (大量)财产，大笔的钱；运气
【联想】fort(堡垒) ＋une →堡垒里放有大量钱
【搭配】be in good fortune 运气好；come into a fortune 继承一大笔财产；have fortune on one’s side 走红运，一炮走红；have the fortune to do 幸而(做)…；tell sb’s fortune 给某人算命；run a fortune 冒风险；try one’s fortune 碰运气
【引申】〈同根〉unfortunate ▲a.不幸的；令人遗憾的
【听力例句】Although they will never make a fortune, for the last 10 years, they have earned a reasonable living from the hotel.尽管他们永远都不可能发财，但是在最近的10年里，他们也通过开酒店挣了很大一笔生活费。[03.9]
slogan /9sl5Ug5n/ @@ n.标语，口号，广告语
【联想】s ＋log(原木) ＋an →原木上标着标语→标语
【搭配】advertising slogan 广告标语
【活用例句】The crowd began chanting anti-government slogans. 人群开始反复高呼反政府口号。
attach* /59t{tS/ @@ vt.系，连接；使依恋；认为有(重要性等)；使附属
【词根】at(表加强) ＋tach(接触)→接触上→系，连接
【搭配】attach importance to sth 认为某事有重要性；be attached to... 连在…上；附属于；使…依恋
【阅读例句】In large cities, some kindergartens are attached to universities that have elementary and secondary schools. 一些大城市的大学有附属幼儿园和中小学。[05.1]
同义↓
cling / klI((ce))/ @@ vi. (to)紧紧抓住；黏着，挨近；依附；忠实于
【联想】紧紧地抓住(cling)以防被扔(fling)
【提示】注意后需加to然后才能接宾语，如：cling to outdated customs 墨守成规。
【活用例句】She clung to the hope that her son was not dead.她坚信她儿子还活着。
possession* /p59zeSFn/ @@ n.财产
【引申】〈同根〉possess vt.占有，拥有〈同义〉treasure n.财富，珍品vt.珍爱，珍视
【完形例句】If you keep your home, your car or any valuable possession in excellent condition, you’ll be saving money in the long run.如果你善于持家，汽车也保养的好，贵重物品不损坏的话，从长远来看你会节省不少钱。[05.1]
offensive* /59fensIv/ @@ a.冒犯的，无礼的；攻击性的；令人不快的
【词根】来自offens(e)(冒犯) ＋ive(…的)→冒犯的
【引申】〈同根〉offense n.犯规；冒犯；offend vt.冒犯，得罪
【活用例句】The company has launched a strong offensive marketing to try to increase sales. 公司已发动争取市场的强大攻势以期增加销售量。
insult* /In9s((f6))lt/ @@ n. & vt.侮辱，辱骂，羞辱
【联想】不顾侮辱(insult), 不耻请教(consult)
【搭配】add insult to injury 连打带骂，既伤害又侮辱；offer an insult to 侮辱；swallow an insult 忍受侮辱
【阅读例句】Not long ago, many car dealers insulted women shoppers by ignoring them or suggesting that they come back with their husbands. 就在不久前，很多汽车经销商忽视女性购买者，并建议她们和丈夫一起来，这些都侮辱了女性。[06.12] accuse /59kju:z/ @@ vt.指控，控告，指责
【词根】ac(加强)＋cuse(理由)→有理由指责别人→指责
【搭配】accuse sb of 指控某人；指责某人
【活用例句】The soldier was accused of running away when the enemy attacked.这个士兵被指控临阵脱逃。
同义↓
charge* / tSA:dZ/ @@ n.指控；价钱；电荷；负荷vt.控告；索(价)；使充电，使充满vi.向前冲；收费
【搭配】in charge of管理，负责；take charge 开始管理，接管；charge sb with sth 以某事指控某人
【活用例句】They charge the calls to their credit card account. 他们用信用卡账户支付电话费用。/He was charged with murder.他被指控犯有谋杀罪。
派生↓
discharge /dIs9tSA:dZ/ @@ v.释放，解雇；发射；卸(货) n.获准离开；排出，放出
【联想】的士(dis，谐音)要控制(charge)排出(discharge)的废气量，否则不发牌
【搭配】discharge prisoners from the prison把犯人从监狱中释放；discharge the cargo卸下货物。
【活用例句】Some factories in this locality still discharge waste water into the river.这一地区有些工厂仍把废水排入河中。nevertheless* /8nev5D59les/ @@ ad.仍然，不过
【构词】never(从不) ＋the ＋less(更少)
【活用例句】Our defeat was expected but it is disappointing nevertheless. 我们的失败是意料中的事，尽管如此，还是令人
失望。
下面我们学习文中标黑的常用词#09#09常用词汇
abundant /59b((f6))nd5nt/ @@ a.丰富的；充裕的
【联想】a(无) ＋bund(看作bound 边界) ＋ant(…的)→多得没边的→丰富的
【搭配】be abundant in富于…
【引申】〈反义〉scarce a.缺乏的，不足的｜slender a.不足的；修长的
【活用例句】Iraq is very abundant in petroleum deposits, which resulted in American invasion.伊拉克的石油储量十分丰富，这导致了美国的入侵。
former* /9fO:m5(r)/ @@ a.从前的，以前的n.前者
【词根】来自form(形成) ＋er(表人或物)→已形成的东西→以前的
【引申】〈同义〉previous a.以前的｜prior a.在前的〈反义〉latter a.后者的；后一半的n.后者
【听力例句】I just received an Email from one of my former classmates. 我刚收到一封我以前同学发的Email。[08.12] fairly* /9fe5lI/ @@ ad.相当，尚可，还；公平地
【搭配】a fairly easy book 一本相当容易的书；a fairly typical reaction 相当典型的反应
【活用例句】I wonder people cannot judge more fairly of each other and themselves.我弄不懂人们为什么总不能比较公平地推己及人。
ideal* /aI9dI5l/ @@ n.理想；理想的东西(或人) a.理想的，空想的，想象的
【联想】idea(想法) ＋l →想法总是理想的
【搭配】political ideals 政治理想；ideal weather for a holiday 理想的假日天气
【活用例句】One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. 原因之一在于，美国人认为公司相对于其他社会机构而言，建立在更坚定的竞争理想之上。
Text 2 Materialism
We live in a materialistic society and are trained from our earliest years to be acquisitive. Our possessions are clearly labeled with “mine”and “yours”from early childhood. When we grow old enough to earn a living, it does not surprise us to discover that success may be measured in terms of the money we earn. We spend the whole of our lives keeping up with our neighbors, the Joneses. If we buy a new television set, Jones is bound to buy a bigger and better one. If we buy a new car, we can be sure that Jones will get one better, or two new cars. The most amusing thing about this game is that the Joneses and all the neighbors who are struggling frantically(狂暴地) to keep up with them are spending borrowed money kindly provided, at a considerable rate of interest, of course, by friendly banks, insurance companies, etc. This materialistic outlook has seriously influenced education. Fewer and fewer young people these days acquire knowledge only for its own sake. Every course of studies must lead somewhere, i.e., to a bigger wage packet. The demand for skilled personnel far exceeds the supply, and big companies compete with each other to recruit students before they have completed their studies. Tempting salaries and “fringe(额外的) benefits”have led to the “brain drain”, in a process by which wealthier nations deprive their poorer neighbors of their most able citizens. While Mammon (财神) is worshipped as never before, the rich get richer and the poor, poorer.
[A] acquisitive [B] bound [C] considerable [D] drain [E] exceeds [F] labeled [G] outlook [H] recruit [I] sake [J] struggling [K] worshipped [L] measured
物质主义
我们生活在一个物质社会里，从小就被培养得很贪婪。从孩童时期起我们的财产就被贴上“我的”和“你的”的标签。当我们长大，能够谋生的时候，我们发现成功可能根据我们挣的钱来衡量，这不会令我们感到惊讶。我们一生中都在与富裕的左邻右舍比排场。如果我们买了一台新电视机，爱炫富的邻居一定会买一台更大更好的。如果我们买了一辆小汽车，我们可以肯定爱炫富的邻居将会买一辆更好的，甚至买两辆新的小汽车。这场游戏中最有趣的事情是爱炫富的邻居和所有的疯狂向他们看齐的邻居们在花借来的钱，这些钱当然是友好的银行、保险公司以相当高的利息仁慈地提供的。这种唯物主义的观点严重影响了教育，现在越来越少的年轻人仅仅是因为获取知识本身而获取知识。每一学科的学习必须有具
体的用处，比如能够挣更多的钱。对技术人员的需求远远超过供给，而大公司在学生完成学业之前就在相互竞争着招聘学生。诱人的工资和“额外的好处”导致了“人才流失”，这也是一个富有国家剥夺他们较穷邻国最能干的公民的过程。财神被前所未有地崇拜着，与此同时，富的越富，穷的越穷。
难句解析
1. When we grow old enough to earn a living, it does not surprise us to discover that success may be measured in terms of the money we earn.
【分析】多重复合句。when 引导时间状语从句，discover后接that 引导宾语从句，其中we earn 为省略了that 的定语从句，修饰money。
2. The most amusing thing about this game is that the Joneses and all the neighbors who are struggling frantically to keep up with them are spending borrowed money kindly provided, at a considerable rate of interest, of course, by friendly banks, insurance companies, etc.
【分析】多重复合句。that 引导表语从句，在该从句中who引导的定语从句修饰all the neighbors, borrowed money后的kindly provided...etc 为过去分词短语作其后置定语。
3. Tempting salaries and “fringe benefits”have led to the “brain drain”, in a process by which wealthier nations deprive their poorer neighbors of their most able citizens.
【分析】复合句。主语是两个表并列关系的名词，中间由and 连接，in a process ...citizens 作状语，表方式，其中which 引导定语从句修饰a process。
下面我们学习文中标红的高频词#09#09高频词汇
acquisitive /59kwIzItIv/ @@ a. (of)渴望得到的；贪得无厌的
【引申】〈同根〉acquisition n.获得，取得，习得
【活用例句】An acquisitive society is one in which the craving for material things seems never satisfied.一个物欲横流的社会指的是物质追求似乎永远得不到满足的社会。
label* /9leIbl/ @@ vt.贴标签于；把…称为
【联想】lab(实验室) ＋el →实验室里的试剂瓶上贴有标签
【搭配】label... as把…称为
【活用例句】If a person spends any time in prison, he’ll probably be labeled (as a) criminal for the rest of his life. 如果一个人曾进过监狱，那么在这之后的生活中他很可能会被大多数人当成罪犯。
measure* /9meZ5(r)/ @@ n.尺寸，计量单位；测量；措施vt.测量，衡量vi.有…长(或宽、高等)
【词根】meas(测量) ＋ure →量，测量
【搭配】beyond measure 无可估量，极度；for good measure 另外；measure up合格，符合标准
【活用例句】[谚] Men are not to be measured in inches. 人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。
bound* /baUnd/ @@ a.一定的；有义务的；开往…的vi.跳跃，弹回vt.成为…的界线，给…划界n.跳跃；[常pl. ] 界限
【联想】圆形(round)的英镑(pound)在地面上(ground)跳跃着(bound)，听起来(sound)很悦耳
【搭配】be bound up in (one’s work)热衷于，忙于(工作)；be bound up with one’s future 与前途有密切关系
【引申】〈同根〉boundary n.边界，分界线
【写作例句】My heart bounded with nervousness during my first job interview.第一次求职面试时我紧张得心怦怦直跳。struggle* /9str((f6))gl/ @@ vi.奋斗，努力；斗争，搏斗；挣扎n.斗争，搏斗
【联想】要展开反对走私(smuggle)的斗争(struggle)
【搭配】struggle on the border of death 挣扎在死亡线上；struggle for independence 为独立而奋斗；struggle against cancer 同癌症抗争
【阅读例句】The struggle to reconcile the two fields of study is difficult.要把这两种学科调和在一起实在太难了。[01.1]
同义↓
strive /straIv/ @@ vi.奋斗；抗争
【联想】奋斗(strive)需要动力(drive)
【搭配】strive after (for) 为…奋斗，力求…；strive toward... 向…奋进；strive with... 同…作斗争
【引申】〈同义〉contend vi.斗争｜endeavor vi.尽力，努力｜fight v.打架，斗争｜labor vi. (for)努力争取，苦干｜struggle vi.努力，奋斗
【活用例句】In education we are striving not to teach youth to make a living, but to make a life. 我们并不是努力通过教育教会青年人谋生，而是教育他们创造生活。
considerable* /k5n9sIdFr5bl/ @@ a.相当大(或多) 的
【词根】consider(考虑) ＋able(能…的)→能纳入考虑范围的→相当多的
【搭配】a considerable income相当可观的收入
【活用例句】A considerable number of people object to the government’s attitude to immigration. 相当多的人反对政府对待移民问题的态度。
outlook /9aUtlUk/ @@ n.观点，见解；展望，前景
【构词】out(向外) ＋look(看)→向外看→展望
【搭配】a p ositive outlook on life 积极的人生观；the outlook for world peace 世界和平的前景
【引申】〈同义〉prospect n.前途，前景
【活用例句】Clothes tell us a good deal about the wearer’s background, personality, status, mood, and social outlook. 一个人的衣着为我们提供了大量关于这个人的背景、性格、身份、情绪和社会观的信息。
sake* /seIk/ @@ n.缘故，理由
【联想】亚当和夏娃因蛇(snake) 的缘故(sake) 而犯下罪
【搭配】for the sake of为了…起见
【完形例句】After a secondary school course, a student should be interested enough in a subject to enjoy gaining knowledge for its own sake.在学完一门中学课程之后，学生就应该对这门课程有足够的兴趣，并乐于为了知识本身去获得知识。[08.6] exceed* /Ik9si:d/ @@ v.超越，胜过
【词根】ex(out) ＋ceed(to go)→走过界限→超过，越出
【搭配】exceed in... 在…方面突出
【引申】〈同根〉共享-ceed →succeed vi.成功；继承vt.接替，继承｜proceed vi.进行，继续下去
【活用例句】Price will drop when supply exceeds demand. 供过于求的时候物价就会下跌。
recruit* /rI9kru:t/ @@ vt.招募(新兵)，吸收(新成员) n.新兵，新成员
【词根】re(再) ＋cruit(增加)→再增加→吸收，招募
【搭配】recruit new police officers吸收新警官；recruit new members to the club 吸收新成员进入俱乐部
【活用例句】We are recruiting talents for the following positions due to the expansion of business. 由于业务扩展，我们现要招纳以下职位的人才。
drain /dreIn/ @@ n.耗竭，消耗；排水沟(管) v.排走；渐渐耗尽；减少
【联想】d＋rain(雨)→排去雨水→排水沟
【搭配】brain drain 人才外流；drain off the dirty water排掉脏水；be drained of one’s energy精疲力竭
【写作例句】If the natural resources are used economically, we can certainly slow down the present drain on the limited energy supply.如果使用自然资源时注意节约，我们肯定可以减慢当前对有限能源供应消耗的速度。
worship* /9w((ae)):SIp/ @@ vt. & n.崇拜，尊敬
【联想】我崇拜(worship)开战舰(warship)的水手
【搭配】ancestor worship 祖先崇拜
【活用例句】In Argentina, Maradona is a hero worshipped by the young children. 在阿根廷，马拉多纳被小孩子当作英雄崇拜。
下面我们学习文中标黑的常用词#09#09常用词汇
term /t((ae)):m/ @@ n.词语，某种语言；选用的词
【搭配】in terms of在…方面；按照；come to terms 妥协，达成协议
【听力例句】A bank clerk, for example, wants to use this specialist vocabulary and technical terms of finance.例如，一个银行职员像学习金融领域的特殊词汇和技术名词。[00.6]
amusing* /59mju:zI((ce))/ @@ a.有趣的
【词根】来自amuse(逗乐) ＋ing(…的)→逗乐的→有趣的
【引申】〈同义〉funny a.有趣的，滑稽的｜interesting a.有趣的，引起兴趣的
【活用例句】He has a great fund of amusing anecdotes about great men.他有一肚子关于名人的趣闻轶事。
insurance* /In9SU5rFns/ @@ n.保证，保障；保险，保险费
【词根】来自insur(e)(给…保险) ＋ance(名词后缀)
【搭配】provide insurance against 提供防止…的措施
【引申】〈同根〉共享sur(确定的，安全的)→insure v.保险，投保｜assure vt.保证，使确信
【活用例句】She was compensated by the insurance company for her injuries.她受伤后获得保险公司的赔偿。personnel /8p((ae)):s59nel/ @@ n. [总称] 人员，员工；人事部门
【搭配】sales personnel 销售人员；skilled personnel 技术熟练的人员
【听力例句】Two weeks of paid vacation in your first year employment, you are also been entitled to medical and dental insurance, but this is something you should discuss with our Personnel Department. 雇用后的第一年有两周带薪假期，为你提供医疗保险，但这都需要你和我们的人事部门具体谈。[06.6]
supply* /s59plaI/ @@ vt.供给，供应；满足(需要) n.供应(量)；[常pl. ] 存货，必需品
【联想】很多行政命令暗示(imply)使用(apply)供应品(supply)
【搭配】supply books for sb 把书供给某人；supply the market with sth 向市场供应某物
【引申】〈同义〉furnish vt.供应，装备｜provide vt.提供
【听力例句】There has been little opportunity to build water supplies or other facilities.提供水和其他设备的机会非常少。
[07.12]
compete* /k5m9pi:t/ @@ vi.竞争，比赛
【词根】com(共同) ＋pete(追求)→都在追求同一样东西→竞争
【搭配】compete against three strong teams 与另外三支强队对垒；compete with the developed countries 同发达国家竞争【活用例句】The pressure to compete causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain. 竞争压力使得美国人精力充沛，同时也使得他们一直处于精神紧张状态之中。
Text 3 Materials Exportation Reduction Causes Concern
Many of the world’s developing countries export large amounts of minerals and other natural materials. Malaysia exports rubber. Bolivia exports tin. Chile and Zambia export copper. Many of these countries depend on just one or two materials for most of their earnings. However, some scientists warn that recent discoveries in materials technology may reduce the demand for these materials. As a result, many developing countries will suffer serious economic losses.
The scientists of materials technology have created such things as plastics, glass and metal mixtures. Every year scientists create new materials that are stronger, lighter and less costly than traditional materials. A recent story in Technology Review magazine found that more and more of these man-made materials are replacing traditional materials from developing countries. For example, automobile makers now use more plastic and less metal in cars than they did in the past. The average car today has three times less copper than it did in 1950. Telephone companies also depended on large amounts of copper in the past. They made copper wires to carry telephone signals. Today a small communications satellite orbiting the earth can carry as many signals as one hundred million kilograms of copper wire. Another way in which companies reduce their demand for materials is by reusing existing products. In 1985 industrial nations in the West got almost half the lead they needed in this way, and they got
smaller amounts of aluminum, tin and zinc.
All these changes mean there is less demand for metals and minerals from developing countries. United Nations Center for Science and Technology for Development says the situation could get worse. Recently six African nations joined together to study the problem. They are Cameroon, Egypt, Mauritius, Nigeria, Swaziland and Tanzania.
Five Latin American nations have done the same thing. They are Argentina, Brazil, Columbia, Mexico and Venezuela.
[A] costly [B] communications [C] export [D] earnings [E] minerals [F] plastics [G] Review [H] reduce [I] suffer [J] signals
原材料出口减少引发忧虑
世界上许多发展中国家出口大量的矿石和其他天然材料。马来西亚出口橡胶。玻利维亚出口锡。智利和赞比亚出口铜。多数这样的国家，他们的大部分收入仅仅依赖于一、两种原料。然而一些科学家警告说，最近材料工艺领域的发现表明对这些原材料的需求可能会减少。其结果是，许多发展中国家将遭受严重的经济损失。
材料工艺领域的科学家们制造了塑胶、玻璃和金属混合物之类的东西。每年科学家们都会制造出新的比传统材料强度更大、更轻、更便宜的材料。最近在《工艺评论》杂志有报道说越来越多的人造材料将取代来自发展中国家的传统材料。例如，汽车制造商制造汽车用的塑胶比过去多了，而所用的金属却比过去少了。现在普通汽车所用的铜不到1950 年用量的三分之一。过去电话公司也需要大量的铜。他们制造铜线来传输电话信号。现在一颗小型人造地球通信卫星传送的信号就相当于一亿公斤铜线所能传送的信号那么多。公司减少他们对原料需求的另一条途经是对现有产品的再利用。1985年西方的工业国家通过这种方法获得了他们所需要的几乎一半的铅，还有少量的铝、锡和锌。
所有这些变化都表明对来自发展中国家的金属和矿石的需求变小了。联合国科技发展中心说情况可能会变得更糟。最近，喀麦隆、埃及、毛里求斯、尼日利亚、斯威士兰和坦桑尼亚六个非洲国家开始联合研究这个问题。
阿根廷、巴西、哥伦比亚、墨西哥和委内瑞拉五个拉丁美洲国家也在做同样的事。
难句解析
1. However, some scientists warn that recent discoveries in materials technology may reduce the demand for these materials. 【分析】复合句。其中that引导定语从句修饰new materials。
2. Every year scientists create new materials that are stronger, lighter and less costly than traditional materials.
【分析】复合句。其中that 引导宾语从句。
3. Another way in which companies reduce their demand for materials is by reusing existing products.
【分析】复合句。其中which 引导定语从句修饰another way，将主语与谓语动词分开，介词by 表方式，作表语。
下面我们学习文中标红的高频词#09#09高频词汇
export* /Ik9spO:t/ @@ vt.输出，出口；9ekspO:t；n.出口(物)，输出品
【词根】ex-(out) ＋port(to carry 运送)→运送出去→出口
【引申】〈反义〉import vt.输入，进口
【活用例句】They exported commodities there without restriction.他们出口商品到那里没有限制。
mineral /9mInFr5l/ @@ n.矿物，矿石，矿物质a.矿物的，矿质的；无机的
【搭配】来自mine(矿) ＋r＋al(…物)
【写作例句】The vast West is rich in natural resources, hydropower, minerals and tourism, to name only a few.辽阔的西部自然资源丰富，例如水电、矿产和旅游资源。
earning /9((ae)):nI((ce))/ @@ n.所赚的钱，利润；工资；所得
【引申】〈同根〉earn vt.赚(钱)，获得〈同义〉income n.收入，收益｜revenue n. (尤指大宗的)收入，收益
【阅读例句】An educated mother, on the other hand, has greater earning abilities outside the home and faces an entirely different set of choices. 从另一方面来讲，一位受过教育的母亲，有在外赚更多钱的本事，并且拥有一系列完全不同的选择。[06.6] reduce* /rI9dju:s/ @@ vt.减少，缩小；使降级，使沦落；迫使
【词根】re(向后) ＋duce(引)→减少，缩小
【搭配】reduce stress减轻压力；reduce the number of murders 减少谋杀案的数量
【完形例句】So instead of simply trying to reduce the damage, we are adopting a positive approach.因此，我们正采取积极的
方式，而并不是简单地尝试降低危害。[06.6]
suffer* /9s((f6))f5(r)/ @@ v.遭受；忍受
【联想】遭受(suffer)不同(differ)的苦难
【搭配】suffer from a headache 饱受头痛之苦
【引申】〈同根〉suffering ▲n.苦楚, 受难
【阅读例句】He sees it as a loss of the sense of common public good and public courtesy(礼貌), and says that adults suffer from it as much as children. 他认为这是公共利益和公共礼貌感的一种缺失，大人们和孩子们一样都深受其害。[08.12]
同义巧辨bear, suffer, endure, tolerate, stand
这组动词都有“忍受”的意思。bear 和suffer 可以表示“对强加的任何东西的忍受”；bear侧重于表示“忍受沉重或难办的事”；而suffer侧重于表示“忍受或经受令人不愉快的、甚至于痛苦的事”；endure强调“长时间地忍受痛苦而不屈服”；tolerate 和stand 都表示“忍受令人生厌的事”；tolerate的内涵是“为了和平或融洽而不反对”，如tolerate the noise忍受噪音；stand 常与bear 通用，如果用词确切，stand包含着“不退让”、“不畏缩”的“忍受”。
!!!图3
plastic* /9pl{stIk/ @@ n. [常pl. ] 塑料，塑料制品；信用卡a.塑料(制)的；可塑的；整形的
【搭配】use less plastic bags使用更少的塑料袋；discard plastic soda bottles丢弃塑料汽水瓶
【活用例句】One of the survivors needed plastic surgery.一名幸存者需要接受整形手术。
costly /9k((e7))stlI/ @@ a.昂贵的，费用大的
【引申】〈同根〉cost n.成本，代价：at the cost of 以…为代价〈同义〉expensive a.昂贵的〈反义〉cheap a.便宜的【活用例句】Your suggestion is feasible, though it might be rather costly.你的建议是可行的,但也许要付出不少代价。
相关↓
luxury /9l((f6))kS5rI/ @@ n.奢侈，华贵
【引申】〈同义〉extravagance n.奢侈，铺张
【活用例句】Marriage is the miracle that transforms a kiss from a pleasure into a duty, and a life from a luxury into a necessity. 婚姻是一种奇事，它将接吻由享乐变成义务，将生活由奢侈品变成必需品。
review* /rI9vju:/ @@ n. & v.复查；重新考虑n.期刊
【词根】re(再) ＋view(观察)→再次观察→审查
【搭配】an annual review of progress 年度进展情况的报告
【引申】〈派生〉reviewer ▲n.评论家
【阅读例句】For every dissatisfied customer, a store will lose up to three more due to negative reviews. 每一位不满意的顾客会使商店因为负面评论而损失至少三个顾客。[08.12]
signal* /9sIgnFl/ @@ n.信号；标志vt.向…发信号；标志着#09 vi.发信号a.显著的
【词根】来自sign(符号) ＋al
【搭配】send out the signal 发出信号；signal a ship nearby for help 向附近的船发求救信号
【引申】〈同义〉symbol n.符号，标志
【活用例句】Since being close to another person signals the possibility of interaction, you need to emit a signal telling others you want to be left alone.由于与别人靠得很近，别人有可能以为你要和他进行交流，所以你得发出信号，告诉别人你并没有想交流的意思，只想一个人呆着。
同义↓
gesture /9dZestS5(r)/ @@ n.姿势，手势；(人际交往时做出的) 姿态v.做手势(表示)
【词根】gest(carry 运载) ＋ure →传递信息的动作→手势
【搭配】in a gesture of... 表示…；gesture to sb to do sth 做手势叫某人去做某事
【引申】〈同义〉profile n.姿态，轮廓
【活用例句】Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises.许多孩子在会说话之前，也会通过打手势和制造声响来表示要问问题。
communication /k58mju:nI9keISFn/ @@ n. [ pl. ] 通信(或交通)工具，交通联系；交流，交际，通讯
【词根】来自communicate(交流) ＋ion(名词后缀)
【搭配】the form of communication 交流方式；effective communication 有效的交流
【完形例句】Language is a means of communication, but it is much more than that. 语言是一种交流方式，但又不仅仅于此。
[06.12]
下面我们学习文中标黑的常用词#09#09常用词汇
warn* /wO:n/ @@ v.警告，告诫；预先通知
【搭配】warn sb off sth 告诫某人不要接近某物；warn sb of sth 提醒某人可能发生某事
【听力例句】However, the doctors warned that people who have stomach bleeding or other bad reactions from aspirin should not take it after heart surgery. 但医生同时警告那些患有胃出血或其他对阿司匹林有不良反映的在心脏手术后不应服用。
[05.12]
result /rI9z((f6))lt/ @@ n.结果，效果；成绩，比分vi. (in)导致；(from)起因于
【搭配】as a result 因此，作为结果；result in...导致…；result from...起因于…
【写作例句】Some people think that the income gap results from the development of our social economy.有些人认为收入的巨大差距源于社会经济的发展。
同义巧辨result, consequence, effect, outcome
这些词都表示“结果”，事物最后呈现的一种局面。result 是最普通的用词，指很多“效果，后果”的综合，带有“最后结果”的意味；consequence这个词带有贬义，一般表示一种不好的结局，常译为“后果”；effect 与cause 相对，强调由某种原因直接或立即产生的结果，常译为“效果，效力，影响”；outcome常译为“结果，结局”，指某项活动、比赛或者悬而未决的事情最后见分晓、见输赢。
!!!图4
loss* /l((e7))s/ @@ n.损失，损耗；遗失；失败
【搭配】be at a loss 困惑，不知所措；suffer heavy losses 遭受巨大损失；profit and loss 盈亏
【听力例句】The two speakers are at a loss what to do.说话双方不知道要做什么。[04.6]
create* /kri:9eIt/ @@ vt.创造，创作，创建；引起，产生
【搭配】create a communication barrier产生交流障碍；create feelings of insecurity 产生一种不安全感
【引申】〈同根〉creative a.有创造性的，创作的｜creative power 创造力｜creation n.创造，发明
【写作例句】The year of 2008 witnessed an increasing competition in employment of college graduates, which is a great motive to create more and more job opportunities.2008年见证了大学毕业生日益激烈的就业竞争，同时这种竞争也成为创造更多就业机会的巨大动机。
man-made ▲a.人造的，非天然的
【搭配】a man-made lake人工湖；man-made materials人造材料
【活用例句】China successfully launched its first man-made earth satellite on April 24, 1970. 中国于1970年4月24日成功地发射了第一颗人造地球卫星。
company* /9k((f6))mp5nI/ @@ n.公司；陪伴；朋友，同伴；客人
【搭配】keep company with... 与…交往
【活用例句】I was walking along the path in the countryside at dusk, in the company of my old cow. 走在乡间的小路上，暮归的老牛是我同伴。
situation* /8sItjU9eISFn/ @@ n.形势；环境；状况；位置，地点
【搭配】the present financial situation 目前的财政形势；be in a difficult situation 处境困难
【活用例句】The town is in a delightful situation in a wide green valley.小城坐落在一个宽阔而草木苍翠的河谷中，环境宜人。
Text 4 The Debate about Economic Growth
There is much discussion today about whether economic growth is desirable. At an earlier period, our desire for material wealth may have been justified. Now, however, this desire for more than we need is causing serious problems. Even though we have good intentions, we may be producing too much, too fast.
Those who criticize economic growth argue that we must slow down. They believe that society is approaching certain limits on growth. These include the fixed supply of natural resources, the possible negative effects of industry on the natural environment, and the continuing increase in the world population. As society reaches these limits, economic growth can no longer continue, and the quality of life will decrease.
People who want more economic growth, on the other hand, argue that even at the present growth rate there are still many poor people in the world. These advocates of economic growth believe that only more growth can create the capital needed to improve the quality of life in the world. Furthermore, they argue that only continued growth can provide the financial resources required to protect our natural surroundings from industrialization.
This debate over the desirability of continued economic growth is of vital importance to business and industry. If those who argue against economic growth are correct, the problems they mention cannot be ignored. To find a solution, economists and the business community must pay attention to these problems and continue discussing them with one another.
[A] advocates [B] criticize [C] debate [D] decrease [E] desirable [F] financial [G] ignored [H] intentions [I] justified [J] negative [K] vital
有关经济增长的争论
现今，有很多关于经济增长是否适当的讨论。过去，我们对物质财富的向往已被证实是正当的。然而，现在追求更多物质财富甚至超过实际所需的这种欲望，正在引发严重的问题。虽然我们的本意是好的，但是我们可能生产得太多、太快了。
那些批评经济增长的人主张我们必须使它慢下来。他们认为社会正在接近某些增长极限。这包括自然资源供给总量的固定性、工业对自然环境有可能产生的消极影响以及世界人口的持续增长。随着社会达到这些极限，经济增长将不再持续，生活质量将下降。
另一方面，那些想要经济增长更快的人认为即使以现在的速度增长，世界上仍然有许多穷人。这些提倡经济增长的人认为只有更快的增长才能创造提高全世界生活质量所需要的资本。此外，他们认为只有持续的增长才能提供使我们的自然环境免受工业化消极影响所需的财富资源。
对是否希望经济持续增长的争论对工商业来说是至关重要的。如果那些反对经济增长的人是对的，那么他们所提到的问题就不能被忽略。为了找到解决问题的方法，经济学家和商业团体必须关注这些问题，并继续相互展开讨论。
难句解析
1. People who want more economic growth, on the other hand, argue that even at the present growth rate there are still many poor people in the world.
【分析】多重复合句。其中who 引导定语从句，修饰people, that 引导的从句是argue 的宾语，在该宾语从句中even 后边的介词短语at the present growth rate 作状语。
2. they argue that only continued growth can provide the financial resources required to protect our natural surroundings from industrialization.
【分析】复合句。其中that引导的是宾语从句，在该宾语从句中required...industrialization 是动词的过去分词作后置定语，修饰the financial resources。
3. If those who argue against economic growth are correct, the problems they mention cannot be ignored.
【分析】多重复合句。其中if 引导条件状语从句，who 引导定语从句修饰those，主句中they mention 为省略that 的定语从句来修饰the problems。
下面我们学习文中标红的高频词#09#09高频词汇
desirable* /dI9zaI5r5bl/ @@ a.值得想望的，值得拥有的；可取的，有利的
【词根】来自desir(e)(期望，要求) ＋able(…的)
【引申】〈同义〉advisable a.可取的，适当的｜preferable a.更可取的，更好的｜worthwhile a.值得(做)的
【写作例句】Nothing is more important than health；health is more desirable than wealth.没有什么比健康更重要，健康比财富更值得追求。
justify* /9dZ((f6))stIfaI/ @@ vt.证明…正当(或有理)，为…辩护
【词根】just(正确) ＋ify(使) →证明…正当
【引申】〈同根〉justice n.正义，公正；司法
【活用例句】The pursuit of good ends does not justify the employment of bad means. 追求正当的目的并不证明可以用不正当的手段。
intention* /In9tenSFn/ @@ n.意图，意向，目的
【词根】来自inten(d)(打算) ＋tion(名词后缀)→意图
【搭配】with the intention of doing sth 目的在于做某事
【活用例句】It was her intention to have a holiday at the end of the year.她打算年底休假。
criticize 9krItIsaIz 【词根】来自critic(批评家) ＋ize(动词后缀)
【引申】〈同根〉critical a.评论的，批评的｜criticism n.批评，批判〈同义〉blame vt.指责，责怪｜scold vt.责骂，训斥
【活用例句】He has been criticized on one hand and encouraged on the other.他一方面受到批评，另一方面却受到鼓励。negative* /9neg5tIv/ @@ a.消极的；否定的；负的；阴性的
【词根】neg(否定) ＋ative(…的)→否定的
【搭配】negative attitude消极态度；a negative sentence否定句；a negative trade balance贸易逆差
【引申】〈反义〉positive a.积极的
【写作例句】Accordingly, both the positive and negative factors must be taken into careful consideration as for studying abroad. 因此，至于出国学习的问题，积极因素和消极因素都必须仔细地考虑。
decrease* /dI9kri:s/ @@ #09 v.减小，减少；9dI:kri:s；n.减少，减小
【提示】作名词表某事物的减少用the decrease in sh，不能误用of。
【引申】〈同义〉cut vt.减少，削减｜lessen v.减少｜reduce vt.减少，缩小｜shorten v.缩短
【活用例句】You must decrease the amount of time you spend watching television. 你必须减少看电视的时间。advocate* /9{dv5keIt/ @@ vt.拥护，提倡n.拥护者，提倡者；律师
【联想】ad(加强) ＋voc(看作voice 喊叫) ＋ate(使) →大声喊→拥护，提倡
【搭配】advocate building more schools 主张多建学校(advocate后不能加不定式)；advocates for the defendant 被告的辩护律师
【引申】〈同根〉advocator n.拥护者
【活用例句】They preach idealism whereas we advocate materialism. 他们讲唯心论，我们讲唯物论。
financial* /faI9n{nS5l,fI-/ @@ a.财政的，金融的
【词根】来自financ(e)(财政) ＋ial(…的)
【搭配】financial aid财政援助；limited financial resources有限的财力；ease their financial burden缓解他们的金融负担【引申】〈同根〉finance n.财政，金融vt.为…提供资金
【活用例句】Although receiving financial support from family, community or the government is allowed, it is never admired. 虽然可以从家庭、社区或政府获得经济资助，但是这种做法并不得到人们的赞赏。
debate* /dI9beIt/ @@ n. & v.辩论，争论
【词根】de(加强) ＋bat(打) ＋e →对着打嘴仗→辩论
【搭配】debate (about) sth 争论某事；debate the question openly 公开辩论这个问题；a debate o ver sth 讨论某事；beyond debate无疑地
【引申】〈同义〉argument n.争论，辩论｜contention n.争论，争辩｜discussion n.讨论，谈论｜dispute n.争论，争端
【活用例句】We were debating whether to go to the mountains or to the seaside for our summer holidays. 我们正在讨论是去山上还是去海边度假。
同义↓
controversy $$ /9k((e7))ntr5v((ae)):sI，k5n9tr((e7))v5sI/ @@ n.争论，辩论
【词根】contro(相反) ＋vers (转) ＋y→意见转向相反的方向→争议
【搭配】a controversy on sth关于…的争论；beyond controversy 无可争议，无疑，不消说
【活用例句】Several near disasters give rise to much controversy on the safety of nuclear energy.几次近乎大灾难的事故引起了许多关于原子能安全问题的争论。
派生↓
controversial* /8k((e7))ntr59v((ae)):S5l/ @@ a.引起争论的，有争议的
【词根】来自controversy
【搭配】a controversial stand on human rights 引起争议的人权立场
【阅读例句】A newspaper reports that the Supreme Court has delivered its opinion in a controversial case. 一家报纸报道，高级法院宣布了它对一个有争议案件的意见。[03.9]
vital /9vaItl/ @@ a.生死攸关的，极其重要的；有生命的，充满生机的
【词根】vit(生命) ＋al(…的)→事关生命的→生死攸关的
【搭配】be of vital importance to 对…极其重要，必不可少
【提示】在It’s vital that结构中，从句谓语动词用原形虚拟语气，其形式为：(should)＋动词原形。
【听力例句】Now, the vital raw material in our economy is knowledge.现今，在我们的经济中，最重要的原材料是知识。[08.6] ignore* /Ig9nO:(r)/ @@ vt.不理，忽视
【词根】i (不) ＋gnor (know知道) ＋e→不知道→忽视
【引申】〈同根〉ignorance n.无知，愚昧｜ignorant a. (of) 不知道的；无知的，愚昧的
【听力例句】Just concentrate on the important ideas she’s talked about in class and ignore the details.只要关注她在课上讲的重点就可以了，但不要关注细节性的东西。[08.6]
下面我们学习文中标黑的常用词#09#09常用词汇
argue* /9A:gju:/ @@ vt.证明；说服，劝说vi.争论，争辩
【谐音】“阿Q”→阿Q通常喜欢和人争论→争论
【搭配】argue for the right 为权利而争辩；argue over／about price 争论价钱问题；argue him into withdrawing his complaint 说服他撤回投诉；argue against... 反对
【引申】〈同义〉prove vt.证明，证实｜testify v.作证，证明｜convince v.说服，信服，定罪
【活用例句】Few would argue with Ford’s statement. 几乎没有人对福特的说法提出异议。[03.6]
include* /In9klu:d/ @@ vt.包含；包括
【词根】in ＋clud(关) ＋e →关进里面→包括
【引申】〈派生〉included a.包含在…内的｜including prep.包括｜inclusion n.包含，内含物〈反义〉exclude vt.排除，
排斥
【听力例句】The first round-trip ticket to the moon is going to cost at least 10 billion dollars if you include research and development.如果包括研发费用，到月球来回至少需要一百亿美元。[05.12]
反义↓
exclude /Ik9sklu:d/ @@ vt.把…排斥在外；不包括
【搭配】exclude the possibility of...排除…的可能性；exclude sb from．．．不准进，把…赶出，撤销(职位) ，拒绝(某人入会等)
【活用例句】Some places of entertainment exclude people under 18.一些娱乐场所禁止18岁以下的人进入。
exclusive /Ik9sklu:sIv/ @@ a.独占的，惟一的，专门的n.独家报道
【词根】是exclude( vt.不包括)的形容词形式
【引申】〈反义〉inclusive a.包括一切的
【活用例句】Some journalists are willing to get the exclusive at any cost. 有的记者愿意不惜一切地获取独家新闻。resource* /rI9sO:s，-9zO:s/ @@ n. [ pl. ] 资源；财力；应付办法，谋略
【词根】re(再) ＋source(源泉)→接踵而至的源泉→资源
【搭配】limited financial resources 有限的财力；material resources 物质资源；human resources 人力资源
【活用例句】Zhu Geliang was a man of great resource.诸葛亮是个足智多谋的人。
capital* / 9k{pItl/ @@ n.首都；资本；大写字母#09 a.大写的；可处死刑的；资本的
【搭配】monopoly capital 垄断资本；capital letter大写字母；a capital offence死罪
【引申】〈同义〉fund n.基金；储备；[ pl. ] 存款vt.为…提供资金｜asset n.有价值的人(或物)，优点；[常pl. ] 资产【听力例句】Physical labor, raw materials, and capital are no longer the key ingredients in the creation of wealth.体力劳动、原料、资金已经不再是创造财富的构成要素。[08.6]
quality* /9kw((e7))lItI/ @@ n.质，质量；性质，特性a.优良的
【联想】质量(quality)过关，产品合格(qualify)
【搭配】lack leadership quality 缺少领导素质；quality service at a competitive price 质优价廉的服务
【阅读例句】Imagination is a valuable quality and a motivating power, and stimulates achievement. 想象力是一种重要的品质，也是一种驱动力，促进成功。[08.12]
furthermore* /8f((ae)):D59mO:(r)/ @@ ad.而且，此外
【引申】〈同义〉moreover ad.而且，此外；in addition 另外
【写作例句】Appropriate sports are quite important to keeping fit. Furthermore, regular exercise is beneficial to a healthy mind and body.适当的运动对于保持体型是相当重要的，而且有规律的锻炼有益于身心健康。
attention /59tenS5n/ @@ n.注意，留心
【词根】来自于attend(专心于，t 是d 的变体) ＋ion(名词后缀)
【搭配】pay attention to注意；catch sb’s attention 吸引某人的注意
【活用例句】You must give your full attention to what you are doing. 你必须全神贯注地做你所做的事。
新机考练习
Exercise 4
(Part 1)一、语篇词汇听写
World markets were 1 Thursday due to investor concerns over the U.S. stimulus plan and more gloomy corporate news. In Britain, the Royal Bank of Scotland, or RBS, has 2 the largest annual loss in U.K. corporate history with a $34 billion shortfall for 2008. Investors in Asia say more specifics about the U.S. government’s financial 3 plan are required to change market sentiment there. On Thursday, most Asian indices were down. Only markets in Australia and Taiwan rose.
In Europe, the picture was more upbeat as investors welcomed a British plan that will allow struggling banks to 4 government insurance against future losses. In the case of the Royal Bank of Scotland, hundreds of billions of dollars worth of debt will now be covered by the 5 asset protection program. Because of this, British taxpayers now hold an 84 percent 6 in the bank. Treasury
Secretary Alistair Darling maintains the move is necessary. The asset insurance announcement came on the same day as the bank 7 the highest-ever annual corporate loss in British history of $34 billion. Despite the huge sums, Darling promises when this global downturn is finally over, the taxpayer will see the money currently 8 institutions like RBS, returned to the public coffers. Meanwhile, there is widespread anger in the country with the disclosure that the former chief executive of RBS has started to collect a $930,000 a year pension from the bank that is now being supported by 9. Prime Minister Gordon Brown says the matter is being looked at. Other institutions such as the Lloyds banking group are said to be looking into participating in the government’s 10.
1._______
2._______
3._______
4._______
5._______
6._______
7._______
8._______
9._______ 10._______
(Part 2)二、句子词汇听写
1. In the ______ of the project not being a success, the investors stand to lose up to $30 million.
2. The shop assistant was dismissed as she was of cheating customers.
3. Franklin D. Roosevelt ______ that the depression stemmed from the American economy’s underlying flaws.
4. If you keep your home, your car or any valuable ______ in excellent condition, you’ll be saving money in the long run.
5. I thought the movie would be good for my English, but as it turned out, it was an Italian movie. After about an hour I decided to ______ the movie and concentrate on my popcorn.
三、句段选择填空
During recent years we have heard much about “race”: how this race does certain things and that race believes certain things and so on. Yet, the 1 phenomenon of race consists of a few surface indications. We judge race usually 2 the coloring of the skin: a white race, a brown race, a yellow race and a black race. But if you were to remove the skin you could not 3 anything about the race to which the individual belonged.
1. [A] complete [B] full [C] whole
2. [A] in [B] from [C] at
3. [A] speak [B] talk [C] tell
Opinion polls repeatedly tell us that the only thing Americans worry about more than the environment is their health. This is 4 understandable, for health is obviously 5 to illness. What makes today’s preoccupation 6 health slightly surprising is that Americans are 7 healthier now than they have ever been.
4.[A]entirely[B]chiefly[C]exclusively
5.[A]important[B]worthy[C]preferable
6.[A]about[B]on[C]with
7.[A]little[B]far[C]rather
练习答案
一、
1.【答案】mixed。注意不要误写为“mixture”。
2.【答案】posted。注意不要误写为“past”。
3.【答案】rescue。注意此单词的拼写，不要误写为“rest cue”。
4.【答案】access。注意不要误写为“exercise”。
5.【答案】taxpayer-funded。注意pay后的er以及fund后的ed,两个单词之间用连字符连接。
6.【答案】stake。注意不要误写为“stick”。
7.【答案】disclosed。注意不要漏写disclose后的d。
8.【答案】being pumped into。注意pumped与into间的连读。
9.【答案】public funds。注意fund是复数形式，不要误写为“fond”。
10.【答案】asset protection plan。注意government’s与asset的连读。
二、
1.【答案】event。注意event和of之间的连读，不要误写为“invent”。
2.【答案】accused。accused与of之间的连读，accused是分词形式，不要写成原形。
3.【答案】argued。注意动词的时态，不要漏写“ed”。
4.【答案】possession。注意不要误写为“pressure”。
5.【答案】give up。注意词组之间的连读。
三、
1. 选[C]。语境词汇题。从句子的谓语部分consists of...(由一些表面因素所组成的)可以看出前后含有整体与局部的关系。而complete(全部的)、full(完整的)均强调整体本身；只有whole指“全部”。
2. 选[B]。固定搭配题。三个选项为介词，需要考虑上下文及前后搭配来确定。judge...from为固定用法，指“通过/依据…判断…”。
3. 选[C]。语境词汇题。从上下文意思“但是如果不看皮肤的话，你根本不能(辨别出)一个人属于哪个种族”来看，需要一个表示“辨别”意思的词，只有[C]具有这个意思，tell在此不作“告诉”讲。
4. 选[A]。语境词汇题。所填词是用来修饰understandable“可以理解的”的，说明理解的程度。三个选项中符合的只有
[A]entirely“完全地，全然地”，说明美国人对健康的忧虑是完全可以理解的。[B]chiefly“主要地”，不能修饰understandable；
[C]exclusively“专有地，独有地”，多作表语，例如：This sample room is exclusively for women. “这试衣室仅供妇女使用”。
5. 选[C]。固定搭配题。首先判断出三个选项中能与to搭配使用的只有[A] important与[C]preferable。但[A]important用在此处不符原文，因为如果我们能说健康比生病更重要，则肯定了生病的重要性，所以应该选[C]preferable“更可取的，更好的，较合意的”，prefer to有比较的意思，此处是解释美国人对健康忧虑的原因：因为健康比生病更好。[B]worthy“有价值的，值得的”，由它所构成的搭配为be worthy of。
6. 选[C]。固定搭配题。[C]preoccupation with是固定短语，意为“专注于”，例如：He always takes his preoccupation with the educational cause. “他总是一心想着教育事业。”
7. 选[B]。语境词汇题。所填词要修饰healthier，三个选项中能修饰形容词比较级的只有[B]far与[C]rather。far“很，极”，rather“颇，有点儿”，能与上文surprising相呼应的选项只有far，rather程度不够。句意为“美国人的身体比以前健康多了”，故选[B]。[A]little不修饰形容词比较级，但a little可以修饰，意为“一点儿”。