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英语一阅读真题16年 细节题

英语一阅读真题16年 细节题
英语一阅读真题16年 细节题

16年考研顺利,特此分享资料,希望能为您所用。资料这个具体的使用方法,可以加微信问我740347360,我英语一考76,不是很高分,但本人英语基础差,还是很满足了。以下资料全是个人手打的哦。

细节题

精确定位,模糊替换,概括。

主旨为王,句子生而不等,首尾句,强调句,转折句,数字变化句。

1 According to 类型

关键词,回原文对应词周围找答案

2数字型题

一般有如下3种考查方法:

*运算型:通过四则运算(主要是加减法)求解。

对策:注意原始数据不是解。

海洋生物例

*多个选一个题型:文中出现多个时间或数字,对应不同的事物,问题只考其中一个。

对策:对号入座,排除法。

*域型:文中时间后数字为一区域/范围,求最高、最低或其中某一点。

*世纪型:已知某一年份,求其为哪个世纪。如已知1906 年,问其为19世纪初。这种题极易做错,请考生注意。

*文字表达型:文章并未出现数字,只有表示数字概念的文字,求其表示的数量。此种题目稍难,因为文章中没有现成的数字,要求通过表达数字要领的文字加以推断。

3.which

排除法

干扰项

1.切忌比较,除非有明确比较

(过去与现在是比较)

2.无中生有

文章中不存在,或无语言依据(即使本身正确,也不行

文章说甲有乙的特征,选项说甲有乙之外的特征

以文中某个单词构建的一句话

范围或程度过大或过小

不可推

3.反

与原文矛盾

4.混

原文说甲有某特征,答案说乙有某特征

5.偏

原文有多个特征,选项要求多个特征,答案仅仅讲了一个特征

08年

21

Which

Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.

原Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of trigger chemicals than do male under the same conditions.

biologically = sex hormones, more vulnerable to stress =more of the trigger chemicals

22

DR.yehuda’s research suggests that wowen are expose to more stress.

原according to a mowan’s increased dose of stress chemicals ,and her increased “opportunites”for stress . + it’s just that they have so much more to cope with.

More stress = increased dose of stress , increased “opportunites” for stress

Expose = cope with

23

According to paragraphy 4, the stress wowen confront tends to be durable and frequent.

原I think that the kind of things that wowen are expose to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature.

confront = expose

durable =chronic

frequent = repeated

27

Which

The OECD report upsets profit-making journal publishers.

原The report makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. Upset = makes heavy reading

Profit-making = made handsome profits

28

因果

Online publication is significant in that it provider an easier access to scientific results.

原The internet is making acess to scientific results a reality.

An easier access = make …a reality.

过去不是现实,现在是,表明比过去容易。

29

With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required to cover the cost of its publication.

原There is open-access publishing, typically supported supported the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published.

Cover the cost of = pay for

32

Which of the following plays a key role in body growth according to the text?

Living standards.

原growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients---notably, protein---to feed expanding tissues.

营养和蛋白质的多少由生活水平决定。

33

Which auther agree

排除法考虑主题因素和原则顺序

Human height is conditioned by the upright posture.

原There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism.

genetic architecture of the individual organism= upright posture

Conditioned=constraints

38

What do we learn about Thomas Jefferson?

细节性推理题定位比较排除

His attitude towards slavery was complex.

原Many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong---and yet most did little to fight it. While Jefferson privately express distaste for slavery, they also understand that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helps to create.

知道是错的,确没有去反对=复杂

39

Which

Some Founding Fathers benefit politically from slavery.

原The statesman's political live depended on slavery. The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory.

Live depend on Handed victory =benefit from

40

因果

Washington 's decision to free slaves originated from his military experience.

原Washington,who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his salves their freedom in his will.

结果+originate form?原因= who ?原因(定从表原因)

09

21

In Wordsworth 's view, "habits " is characterized by being-mechanical.

Mechinal 机械的呆板的

原In the ever-changing 21century, even the world "habit" carries a nagative implication.

Even 递进关系。not choice ,unreflecting,negative implication 所以是负面情绪

22

Brain researchers have discovered that the formation of new habits can be -guided.

原But brain researchers have have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.

Creat paths 表明我们是主动的,that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. Tracks表明方向。所以答案有主动和方向性。

24

观点

Dawna would most probably agree that -curiousity activates minds.

细节观点题找到对应观点很重要,问观点找观点。

原the first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder.

A fascination with wonder =curiousity

Innovation =creative minds.

25

观点

Ryan's comments suggest that the practice of standardized testing-prevents new habits from being formed.

原This breaks the major rule in the American belief system that anyone can do anything.

That's a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness.

Knowing what u r good at and doing even more of it creates excellence. This is where developing new habits comes in.

New habits 与commonness 相反,所以不促进习惯=prevent ....being formed.

26

In paragraphs 1, and 2, the text shows PTK's -easy available.

段落包含信息太多,采取选项定位

文中说只要30美元就能买到,不用开处方就能买所以容易获得。

availability可获得性。

某物很多人买,不等于大家喜欢

27

PTK is used to -identify patient-child kinship.

视觉干扰,应对选项进行仔细成分分析,尤其主谓宾,和原文一一比对。

原it is a wise father that knows his own child, but Monday a man can boost his paternal wisdom , or at least confirm that he is the kid's father.

28

观点

Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to - achieve the claimed accuracy.

答案间概括性的比较。

原But some observers are skeptical. "There is a kind of false precision being hawked by the people claiming they r doing ancestry testing," says TD.

Says=believe

Fail to achieve= false

29

A problem commercial genetic testing faces is -disorganized data collection.

原Databases used by some companies don't rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects.

Disorganized collection= lump together + don't systematically

30

The author holds in Paragraph 1 that the importance of education in poor countries- has been overestimated.

原the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest proporties for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong

问观点的细节,注意表示观点的词汇,如果问某人的观点,通常会是,某人?表达观点的词汇?观点。而问作者观点,常是直接寻找结论性的语言,作者很少说I think

think it very highest priorities is wrong= importance is overestimated.

32

It is stated in para1 that the construction of a new education system-takes efforts of generations.

原new educational systems there and putting enough people through them require two or three generations.

Require= take efforts of

Two or three generations =generations

33

A major difference between Japanese and American work forces is that-the Japanese workforce is more productive.

原the U.S. factories achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterpart. 美国生产力是日本的95%,故是在对生产力进行比较。

比较题,应注意比较对象,比较内容,比较结果是否与原文一致,比较是否存在等都是需要考虑的问题。

35

According to the last para, development of education -follows improved productivity.

原As education improved, humanity's productivity potential increased as well. When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential, they could in turn afford more education.

Potential= productivity

be afford= follow

36

The author holds that in the seventeenth-country New England -intellectual interests were encouraged.

原nowhere else in colonial America was so much importance attached to intellectual pursuits. Attached to ....= be encouraged

pursuit = interest

38

The early ministers and political leaders in Massachusetts Bay -created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England.

原giving New England an atomosphere of intellectual earnestness.

Give =crest

10年

22

Newspaper reviews in England before World War || wee characterized by- free themes.

原we are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War 11.

Eve of = before

Unfocused = free theme

23

Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?

Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.

原These man believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press."So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism," Newman wrote," that I am tempetd to define ' journalism' as ' a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.'"

Not all = few

Be capable of = have brains enough or literary gift enough

26 因果

Business-method patent have recently aroused concern beacause of-the possible restriction on their granting.

原Nw the nation's top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method. Ready to= possible

Scale back on= restriction

27

Which true. Briski case?

It may change the legal practices in the U.S.

原In the Bilski, as the case is known, is "a very big deal," says D.Crouth . It " has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents."

Potential to= may

Change the practice= eliminate ....

32 观点

The author suggested that the "two step flow theory" -requires solid evidence for its validity.

原The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory theory called "two step flow of communication"....

题干问作者观点,而非理论本身的观点,固在引号后便不再出现作者的观点

Untested= require solid evidence

33 观点

What the researchers have observed recently shows that- the power of influence goes with social interactions.

原In their resent work, however , some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than in generally supposed. In fact, they don't

seem to be required at all.

否定了名人效应

Yet it is precisely those non- celebrity influential who ,according to the two step flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics, by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. Influence sb directly =social interactions

35

What is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?

The readiness to be influenced.

乐于被影响

原They found that the principal requirement for what is called " global cascades" --the widespread propagation of influence through networks-- is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people.

easily influenced = readiness to be influenced

36观点

Bankers complained that they were forced to -follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules.

原Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it is not fair. rule have forcedto = be forced to follow the rule

37因果

According to the author, the rule changes of the FASB may result in-the weakening of it's independence.

在前段说到Unfortunatly, banks' lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-shelters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised.

FASB=standards

Independence

be compromised= the weakening of 受到削弱

38观点

According to para4, McCreevy objects to the IASB's attempt to -act on their own in rule-setting. 原The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but

Overall panning = their own in rule-setting

此题A. keep away from political influence .看起来是对的,但与最佳答案放在一起,则与文章整体观点不那么吻合。文章讲述独立性

原文都讲了甲和乙,因为甲所以乙,则选甲不选乙。

39因果

The author think the banks were "on the wrong planet" in that they-exaggerated the real value of their assets.

原It was banks that were on the wrong planet , with account that vastly overvalued assets. exaggerated=overvalued

2011年

22

Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is -modest.

Tommasini是个具体的人,提他是有目的的。问他的看法前有一句话,两句话成递进关系,前一句是说One of the reason why the appointment canes as such a surprise,however, is that

Gilbert is comparatively little known.

他的观点是说an unpretentious musician with no air of formidable conductor about him

与没有名气且unpretentious no air of formidable 的就是谦逊

23

The author believes that the devoted concertgoer -overestimate the value of live performers.

原Devoted concertgoer who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point.

作者认为唱片好,concertgoers认为演奏不会被唱片替代。所以作者认为他们高估了现场表演价值。正话反说

24. Which

They are easily accessible to the general public.

These recordings are cheap, availability everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today's live performance; moreover, they can be consumed at a time and place of the listener's choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings have thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.

easily accessible = widespread availability

26

When McGee announced his departure, his manner can be best be described as being-frank.

原When Lingala McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving to pursue my goal of running a company.

Straight up+ rather than cloak his exit in the vague excuses= frank

27因果

According to para2, senior excultives'quitting may be spurred by-their pursuit of new career goals. 原In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quite with explanation that they were looking for a CEO post.

With explanation =be spurred by

A ceo post= new career goals

31

Consumers may creat "earned" media when they are-enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.

原Consumers passionate about a product may create "earned" media by willingly promoting it to friends.

Passionate = enthusiastic

Promote it to friends= recommend their favorite products

Recommend推荐

32

According to para2, sold media feature - strong user traffic.

原We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment.

Traffic有流量之意

36

Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring-happiness in retrospect.

原the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling , life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests that we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Senior writes that " the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight."

Later be sources of gratification and delight = happiness in retrospect .

39

According to para4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is -misleading.

原Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like People present is hugely unrealistic,

hugely unrealistic = misleading

12年

21

According to para1, peer pressure often merges as-a cause of undesirable behavior.

原peer pressure. It usually leads to no good ----drinking, drugs and casual sex.

Often= usually

undesirable= no good

22

Rosenberg holds that public-health advocates should-learn from the advertise' experience.

原Resenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers,so skilled at applying peer pressure.

so 也

take a page from= learn from

学习=学习经验

23

In the author's view, Rosenberg's book fails to-adequately probe social and biological factors

原Join The Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful.

adequate = enough

probe=exploration

24

Para5 shows that our imitation of behaviors-occurs without our realizing it.

原This is a subtle form if peer pressure : we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.

without realizing it= unconsciously

25

The author suggests that in the last para that the effect of peer pressure is-questionable.

原Far less certain, however, is .... The tactic never really works.

27

By entering into the 2002 agreement ,Entergy intended to-get promission to purchase a power plant.

The conflict has been surfacing since 2002, when the corporation bought Vermoubt's only nuclear power plant, an aging reactor in Vernon.

As a condition of receiving state approval for the sake, the company agreed to seek permission from state regulator to operate past 2012.

get= receive

state approval=permission

The sake=purchase a power plant

28

Entergy seems to have problems with its-managerial practices.

原A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 2007 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about Vermont Yankee's safety and Entergy's management .

29

In the author's view, the Vernont case will test- the limit of state's power over nuclear issues. 原.....whereas the Supreme Court has ruled that states do have some regulatory authority over nuclear power, legal scholars says the Vernont case will offer a precedent-setting test of how far those powers extend.

how fat ...extend= limit

31

Para1, the process of discovery is characterized by its-uncertain and complexity.

原But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route.

ambiguous=uncertain

complicated= complexity

33

Paragraph 3 shows that a discovery claim becomes credible after it-has been examined by the scientific community.

原As a discovery claim works its way through the community, the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual's discovery claim into the community's credible discovery.

As a discovery claim works its way through the community= be examined by the community. 34.

Albert would most likely agree that scientific work calls for a critical mind.

原seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.

看见大家看到的,思考无人所想。思考重要!

37

Which

Public-sector unions seldom get in trouble for their actions.

原They can shut things down without suffering much in the way of consequence.

seldom get in trouble = without suffering consequence

2013年

21

Priestly criticizes her assistant for her-insensitivity to fashion.

原Priestly scolds her assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn't affect her.

doesn't affect = be insensitivity

22

According to Cilne, mass-market labels urge consumers to -shop for their garments more frequently.

原Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable---meant to last only a wash or two, although they don't advertise that---- and to renew their wardrobe very few weeks.

as disposable and renew= shop more frequently

28

Bob holds that setting DNT as a default-will not benefit consumers.

原Bob .....says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preference.

will be worse off= will not benefit

D. may cut the number of kick ads.

may也不一定全是最佳答案!

29

Which

DNT may not serve its intended purpose.

原Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to.

not oblige anyone to= may not serve its intended purpose

31

Our vision of the future used to be inspired by-our faith in science and technology.

原Up until a few decades ago, our vision of future were largely glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.

讲了positive 再说科学技术能够怎么样,那科学技术就是促进positive的原因

32

The IUCN's "Red List" suggests that human being are-a sustained species.

原之前有Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it become clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not for hundreds, for thousands of years.

书的具体内容"Listed as least concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population devline."

前面说至少能活几十年,后面说是最不用担忧的,并具体说明。

33

Which

Our immediate future is hard to conceive.

原Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immidiate future.

想很久的未来更简单,那想立即的未来就难了。

34.

To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to -draw on our experience from the past.

原Bit take a loner view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. And so often, the past holds the key to future: we have now identified enough of the long term patterns shaping the history of the planner, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.

the past holds the key to future=Drs our experience from future

36因果

Three provisions of the Arizona's plan were overturned because they-overstepped the authority of the federal immigration law.

原Arizona had attempted to fashion state polices that ran parallel to the existing federal ones. ran parallel= overstep

polices= authority of law

37

Which the Justices agree-states' legitimate role in immigration enforcement.

原However, the justices said Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contract with the law enforcement . That's baca use Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement.

be allowed to verify = agree the role on 合法地位

38 细节性推理

Infer the Alien and Sedition Acts-stand in favor of the states.

原who offered an even more robust defense of the state privilege going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.

defense of state privilege = stand in favor of

39

The White House claims that its power of enforcement-outweighs that held by the states.

原The White House argue that Arizona's laws conflicted with its enforcement priority,

argue=claim

outweigh=priority

2014年

21

George Osborne's scheme was intend to encourage jobseeker's activity engagement in job seeking. 原In order to "change lives for the better" and reduce "dependency", George introduced the "upfront work search" scheme.

In order to= be intend to

Reduce dependency = encourage jobseeker's activity engagement in job seeking

23

What promote the chancellor to develop his scheme?

A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.

原What motivated him, we were to understand,was his zeal for "fundamental fairness"---protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only by the most deserving claimants received their benefits.

Zeal for =a passion to

Fundamental fairness-----protecting the taxpayers =ensure the fairness for taxpayers

24

Para3, being unemployed makes one feel-uneasy.

原Losing a job is hurting: you don't skip down to the jobcentrenwitj a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying , psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily to get.

hurting , financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing....= uneasy

A. uneasy

B.enraged

C.insulted

D.guilty

感情色彩向下,而B C D感情色彩过于夸张。

25

Which author argue

Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.

原The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive the unconditional payments if the disaster happens.

感情色彩,对改革制度不满意。

26因果

A lot of students take up law as their profession due to-the attraction of financial rewards.

原The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law school.

due to - tempt

financial rewards=skyscrapers-full

27

Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?

Pursuing a bachelor's degree in another major.

原There is just one path for a lawyer in most America states: s four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one ofb200 law-schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam.

28

Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from-the rigid bodies governing the profession.

原Sensible ideas have been around from a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them.

state-level bodies= the body governing the profession.

rigid=conservative

29

The guild-like ownership structure is considered "restrictive" partly because it-bans outsiders' involvement in the profession.

原Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyer may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a lawfirm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.

keep outsiders out of a law firm=bans outsiders' involvement in the profession

31

The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as-a handsome reward for researchers.

As a New Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years.

lucrative=handsome

32

The critics think that the new awards will most benefit-the founders of the new awards.

原The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, says scientists.

the critics= scientists

self-promotion =benefit

34

Para4, which true of the Nobel?

Their endurance has done justice to them.

原The Nobel were, of course,themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time , rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.

35

The author believes that the new awards are-acceptable despite the criticism.

原It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism---that is the culture of research, after all--- but it is the prize-givers' money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.

感情词fair wise

37

Influential figure in the congress required that AAAS report on how to-keep a leading position in liberal education.

In 2010, leading congressional Denicrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by "federal, state and local government, universities, foundations, educations , individual benefactor and others"to "maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education,"

maintain national excellence=keep a leading position

38

Para3,the report suggests the application of emerging technologies.

原Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy;stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students' ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day.

encourage =suggest

the use of new digital technologies=application of emerging technologies

2015年

21

According to the first two para, King Jusn Carlos of Spain-ended his reign in embarrassment.

King Jusn Carlos of Spain once insisted "Kings don't abdicate, they dead in their sleep."

But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his word and stand down.

26

The Supreme Court, will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to-check suspects' phone contents without being authorized.

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