The arrow of time

The arrow of time

最近两个月我才意识到在我与熵的搏斗中，熵占了上风。我的汽车坏了，电冰箱出毛病了，还有人说我的右后牙得做牙根管治疗了，而这几件事竟然都发生在同一天！卧室里的窗户还是一下雨就漏水，照看儿子的人每次在我真正需要时仍然迟迟不见踪影，我开始有白头发了，打字机也用旧了，房子需要重新刷漆了，我得配眼镜了，儿子的鞋子穿出洞来了，而我越来越深深地感受到自己的无能。每周六我都要在自动洗衣机店洗上整整半天的衣服。如果这些衣服到下周又脏了，我这又是何苦呢？

哎！宇宙万物的自然规律竟然是混乱，甚至还有一种专门用来测量混乱程度的精确的尺度，它叫做熵。熵和其他任何一种物理特性（如运动、重力、能量）都有多不同。它不能双向做功，只能增长，不能减少。一旦被创造出来，就永远不会被毁灭。通向混乱之路是条有去无回的单行道。由于其令人身心焦疲的不可逆转性，熵一直被人们称作“时间之矢”。这一点我们凭直觉都能懂得。若是听其自然，小孩的房间就会变得一塌糊涂、乱七八糟。听其自然的话，木头会腐烂。金属会生锈，人脸会长出皱纹，花会凋谢；听其自然的话，高山也会慢慢消逝，原子核也会衰竭，在城市中，在废弃的地铁里，在破旧的人行道上，在朽损的建筑物上，在我们日益混乱的生活当中，熵无处不在，无所不有。毫无疑问，我们都知道陈旧是什么意思。要是突然发现一幢旧房子又刷了一层漆，我们就会明白房子准是出了点毛病。如果看见一只鸡恢复原状并跳回到蛋壳里，我们就会哑然失笑，就像笑一部倒着放映的电影一样。然而，熵不是什么好笑的事，因为每每随着熵的增加都有能量的消耗和机会的丧失。沿山边流下的水在途中可以用来做有用的功，但一旦当有的水都在同一条水平线上时，它就再也不能做功了。这就是熵，当我们的冰箱正常工作时，它把冷空气都有条不紊地置于冰箱内的一部分，把温度稍高一点的空气置于冰箱内的另一部分。但一旦出现故障，冷空气热空气就群集一处，沆瀣一气，不冷不热的，弄的我的黄油都化了，牛奶臭了，冻起来的蔬菜也烂掉了。当然能量在这时并没有真正失去，而只是效力减少了而已，散失成乱七八糟、糊里糊涂的东西。这种乱糟糟的情形不可能对我们有任何益处。熵就是混乱，熵就是目的的丧失。人们在自己漫无目的的生活中似乎也发现了熵。他们常常为此而心烦意乱，就像我那冰箱里不冷不热的无数分子一样。人们撞来撞去，感到迷失了方向，并无时不在荒废着青春，错失着良机。

在婚姻生活中，要发现熵是轻而易举的，夫妻双方都心不在焉，无暇顾及小问题，这样就注定了他们将要分道扬镳。像我们国家目前的状况，在国与国之间的关系上，都有很多熵——丧失了阻止混乱到来的机会，那些混乱来时凶猛，有如排山倒海，好像随时都能把我们吞掉。但是，熵不是战无不胜的，水晶石、雪花、河外星系就是屹立于无数随机事物中具有惊人的秩序美的岛屿，要不是因为有熵力不所及的例外的话，天空就会是一片漆黑，我们也会因此而看到那无数星星在何处消磨时光，这是因为大气中的空气分子有条不紊地聚集一处，才使得天空一片蔚蓝。意义最为深远的熵的例

外就是生命的创造，一粒种子吸收一定的养分、阳光、水分就会变成一朵玫瑰；子宫里的一个精子，吸收一定的氧气、烤馅饼和牛奶之后就会变成一个婴儿。其中关键的是，要生出一个婴儿来，就要吸取大量的能量。要栽活一棵树，也要汲取能量才行。通往混乱之路是一条轻而易举的下坡路，而通往创造之路却破费周折。对抗熵固然可以，但却是不无代价的。这就是为什么把大家团结起来这么困难，让大家树倒猢狲散这么容易的原因。更糟糕的是，在宇宙某一角创造秩序总是在其他角落引起更多的混乱。我们从煤炭和石油里创造出有秩序的能量，其代价却是烟雾造成的熵。

最近我又练起了好几个月没有吹过的长笛，当高低不匀的颤音在整个房间尖叫起来时，我儿子捂着耳朵说，“妈妈，你的笛子出啥毛病了？”当然，笛子并没有出岔子，而是我吹笛子的技术退化了，根据这种情况，或者是熵化了。阻止这一退化进程的唯一办法就是天天练习，。果真，我后来吹出来的音调好听多了，但我为此付出了持之以恒的努力，像其他任何事物一样，如果我们不在把能量运用到技术上去，技术就会退化。这就是为什么熵令人灰心的原因。这就像是一场势均力敌的战斗一样，有充分的理由说明事情本来就应当如此。熵的构成是一个机遇问题，就以我家厨房里游弋的冷空气分子为例，它向冰箱方向游离的可能性在任何时候都是对半开的，它游离开冰箱的可能性也是对半开的，但拿上亿个空气冷分子为例的话，所有的空气冷分子向冰箱游去的可能性和所有空气热分子游离开冰箱的可能性都是零。

熵之所以取胜，不是因为整齐是不可能的，而是因为通向混乱的途径比通向整齐的道路多得多。干件糊里糊涂的事的办法比干件像样的事的办法也要多的不计其数。我们生活中的障碍和意外事件几乎注定了的经常性的冲撞会把我们弹到随机的道路上去并使我们脱离常轨。混乱是阻力最小的，不费吹灰之力的道路，但绝不是不可避免的道路。像其他许多人一样，我也为今天我们见到的熵而苦恼，我为国际事件的偶然性和这个世界上共同目标的匮乏而忧心忡忡，我担心着将会导致核战争的熵化。我无法送我的孩子去我所在的城区的公办学校上学，成千上万人的实业，通货膨胀失控，两性之间，种族之间的紧张状态似乎有增无减。人际关系似乎都在分崩离析。

社会机构——像原子和众星一样——如果不对其增加能量保持其秩序，它就会衰减。友谊、家庭及经济也都会崩溃。除非我们不断努力使他们正常运转，润滑良好。但我觉得为此做出努力的人微乎其微。

当然，事情越复杂，困难就越大。假如我的冰箱里只有一打左右的空气分子——如果我等上一年半载——其中六分之一冷分子有可能在某一时刻聚集在冷冰室里。但等式里的因子越多——参加游戏的人越多——他们的路线有规律地碰在一起的可能性就越小。一旦秩序被打乱了，拼版玩具的板块越多，就越难把他们重新拼接在一起。一位物理学家说，“不可逆转将是我们付给复杂性的代价”。

感官动词和使役动词

感官动词和使役动词 默认分类2010-05-28 23:14:26 阅读46 评论0 字号：大中小订阅 使役动词，比如let make have就是3个比较重要的 have sb to do 没有这个用法的 只有have sb doing.听凭某人做某事 have sb do 让某人做某事 have sth done 让某事被完成（就是让别人做） 另外： 使役动词 1.使役动词是表示使、令、让、帮、叫等意义的不完全及物动词,主要有make(使,令), let(让), help(帮助), have(叫)等。 2.使役动词后接受词,再接原形不定词作受词补语。 He made me laugh. 他使我发笑。 I let him go. 我让他走开。 I helped him repair the car. 我帮他修理汽车。 Please have him come here. 请叫他到这里来。 3.使役动词还可以接过去分词作受词补语。 I have my hair cut every month. 我每个月理发。 4.使役动词的被动语态的受词补语用不定词,不用原形不定词。 (主)He made me laugh. 他使我笑了。 (被)I was made to laugh by him. 我被他逗笑了。 使役动词有以下用法： a. have somebody do sth让某人去做某事 ??i had him arrange for a car. b. have somebody doing sth.让某人持续做某事。 ??he had us laughing all through lunch. 注意：用于否定名时，表示“允许” i won't have you running around in the house. 我不允许你在家里到处乱跑。 ******** 小议“使役动词”的用法 1. have sb do 让某人干某事 e.g:What would you have me do? have sb/sth doing 让某人或某事处于某种状态，听任 e.g: I won't have women working in our company. The two cheats had the light burning all night long. have sth done 让别人干某事，遭受到 e.g:you 'd better have your teeth pulled out. He had his pocket picked. notes: "done"这个动作不是主语发出来的。 2.make sb do sth 让某人干某事 e.g:They made me repeat the story. What makes the grass grow?

The way常见用法

The way 的用法 Ⅰ常见用法： 1)the way+ that 2)the way + in which（最为正式的用法） 3)the way + 省略（最为自然的用法） 举例：I like the way in which he talks. I like the way that he talks. I like the way he talks. Ⅱ习惯用法： 在当代美国英语中，the way用作为副词的对格，“the way+ 从句”实际上相当于一个状语从句来修饰整个句子。 1)The way =as I am talking to you just the way I’d talk to my own child. He did not do it the way his friends did. Most fruits are naturally sweet and we can eat them just the way they are—all we have to do is to clean and peel them. 2）The way= according to the way/ judging from the way The way you answer the question, you are an excellent student. The way most people look at you, you’d think trash man is a monster. 3）The way =how/ how much No one can imagine the way he missed her. 4）The way =because

初中阶段主要句型的用法

初中阶段主要句型的用法 1. It's time to (for) .... 表“时间到了；该干…的时间了”之意。 It's time to go home. It's time for school. 注意：to的后面接动词短语，而for的后面接名词。 2. It's bad (good) for ... 表示“对…有害（有益）的”含义。 Please don't smoke. It's bad for your health. Please take more exercise. It's good for your health. 3. be late for (school) 是“上学（迟到）”之意。for后面还可以接meeting或class。He was late for school this morning. Don't be late for class, please. 4. had better do / not do sth. 表示“最好做/不做某事”之意。 You had better put on the coat when you go out. It's cold outside. We had better stop to have a rest. 注意：用had better时，后面一定要直接跟动词原形，决不能加to do sth. 否定一定用在第二个动词之前，是动词不定式的否定式。 5. be (feel) afraid of ... 表示“恐怕”，“害怕…”之意。 He is afraid of snakes. Mary feels afraid of going out alone. 6. enjoy doing sth. 是“喜欢（爱好）做某事”之意，doing是动名词作动词enjoy 的宾语。enjoy有欣赏之意。 Are you enjoy living in Beijing? Do you enjoy listening to music? 7. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 stop to do sth. 停下来做某事 It's time for class. Stop talking, please. When she saw me, she stopped to talk with me. 8. Let (make) sb. do 让（使）某人做某事。 Let's go to school. Father made his son clean the room again. 注意：当make sb. do sth. 用于被动语态时，第二个动词前面就一定要加to 了。如： His son was made to clean the room again. he was made to work twelve hours a day in the past. 9. like to do / like doing sth. 是“喜欢做某事”之意。 like to do sth. 是表示比较具体的喜欢做某事；like doing sth. 是表示宠统的喜欢做某事。如： I like to swim in the swimming pool. 我喜欢在游泳池中游泳。（喜欢的具体的地方游泳） I like swimming. 我喜欢游泳（只讲喜欢这项运动） 10. ask (tell) sb. to do. (not to do) sth. 请（让）某人（不）做某事 Jim asked his mother to help him with his lessons. When did you tell him not to shout loudly?

感官动词的用法

感官动词 1.see, hear, listen to, watch, notice等词，后接宾语，再接省略to的动词不定式或ing形式。前者表全过程，后者表正在进行。句中有频率词时，以上的词也常跟动词原形。 注释:省略to的动词不定式--to do是动词不定式，省略了to,剩下do，其形式和动词原形是一样的，但说法不同。 see sb do sth 看到某人做了某事 see sb doing sth 看到某人在做某事 hear sb do sth 听到某人做了某事 hear sb doing sth 听到某人在做某事 以此类推... I heard someone knocking at the door when I fell asleep. (我入睡时有人正敲门,强调当时正在敲门) I heard someone knock at the door three times. (听到有人敲门的全过程) I often watch my classmates play volleyball after school. (此处有频率词often) （了解）若以上词用于被动语态，须将省略的to还原： see sb do sth----sb be seen to do sth hear sb do sth----sb be seen to do sth 以此类推... We saw him go into the restaurant. → He was seen to go into the restaurant. I hear the boy cry every day. → The boy is heard to cry every day. 2.感官动词look, sound, smell, taste, feel可当系动词，后接形容词。 He looks angry. His explanation sounds reasonable. The cakes smell nice.

The way的用法及其含义(二)

The way的用法及其含义（二） 二、the way在句中的语法作用 the way在句中可以作主语、宾语或表语： 1.作主语 The way you are doing it is completely crazy.你这个干法简直发疯。 The way she puts on that accent really irritates me. 她故意操那种口音的样子实在令我恼火。The way she behaved towards him was utterly ruthless. 她对待他真是无情至极。 Words are important, but the way a person stands, folds his or her arms or moves his or her hands can also give us information about his or her feelings. 言语固然重要,但人的站姿,抱臂的方式和手势也回告诉我们他(她)的情感。 2.作宾语 I hate the way she stared at me.我讨厌她盯我看的样子。 We like the way that her hair hangs down.我们喜欢她的头发笔直地垂下来。 You could tell she was foreign by the way she was dressed. 从她的穿著就可以看出她是外国人。 She could not hide her amusement at the way he was dancing. 她见他跳舞的姿势，忍俊不禁。 3.作表语 This is the way the accident happened.这就是事故如何发生的。 Believe it or not, that's the way it is. 信不信由你, 反正事情就是这样。 That's the way I look at it, too. 我也是这么想。 That was the way minority nationalities were treated in old China. 那就是少数民族在旧中

unit10bythetimeigotoutsidethebushadalreadyleft期末复习

期末复习提纲（十） Un it 10 By the time I got outside, the bus had already left. 重点词组与句型： 1. take a shower 2.get in the shower 3.get up 4.get outside 5.get to school 6.1 eave sth.+ 地点 7.get back to sp. 8.start teach ing 9.wake up late 10.be late for 11.go off 12.wait for https://www.wendangku.net/doc/523608209.html,e out 14.have some breakfast 15.run off 16.get there 17.on time https://www.wendangku.net/doc/523608209.html,e by 19.give sb. a ride 20.bri ng sth. to sp. 21.break dow n 22.show up 23. get dressed 24.stay up all night 25. invite sb. to do sth. / invite sb. to sp. 26. by the time 27.happa n to sb. 28. a costume party 29.thousa nds of 30.h un dreds of * (31.flee from sp. 32. April Fool ' s DOyB.stop doing sth. 34.as …as one can 35. fool sb. 36.ask sb. to do sth. 37.both…and 38.an hour later 39. get married 40.play a joke on sb) 40. By the time I got up, my brother had already gotte n in the shower. 41. By the time she got up, her brother had already gone into the bathroom. 42. By the time she went outside, the bus had already gone. 43. By the time she got to class, the teacher had already started teach ing. 44. Whe n she got to school, she realized she had left her backpack at home. 45. By the time I got back to school, the bell had rung. 46. My alarm clock didn ' t go off. 47.1 took a quick shower, and had some breakfast, and the n ran off to the bus stop. * (48.Have you ever forgotte n to bring your homework to school? 49.Wells was so convincing that hun dreds of people believed the story. 50.She was thrilled, because she wan ted to get married. 语法： 过去完成时。 练习： 一、根据句子意思和所给首字母提示，用适当单词完成句子。 1. Bad luck. I missed the early bus because I o ______ this morni ng. 2. Perhaps he ' ll dress himself up as a clown in the c _________ party. 3. You must be e ________ a fter swimmi ng for along time. Come and have a rest.

英语中感官动词的用法

英语中感官动词的用法 一、感官动词 1、感官动词(及物动词)有：see/notice/look at/watch/observe/listen to/hear/feel(Vt)/taste(Vt)/smell(Vt) 2、连缀动词(含感官不及物动词) be/get/become/feel/look/sound/smell/taste/keep/stay/seem/ appear/grow/turn/prove/remain/go/run 二、具体用法： 1、see, hear, smell, taste, feel,这五个动词均可作连系动词，后面接形容词作表语，说明主语所处的状态。其意思分别为"看/听/闻/尝/摸起来……"。除look之外，其它几个动词的主语往往是物，而不是人。 例如：These flowers smell very sweet.这些花闻起来很香。 The tomatoes feel very soft.这些西红柿摸起来很软。 2、这些动词后面也可接介词like短语，like后面常用名词。 例如：Her idea sounds like fun.她的主意听起来很有趣。 3、这五个感官动词也可作实义动词,除look(当"看起来……"讲时)只能作不及物动词外,其余四个既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词,此时作为实义动词讲时其主语一般为人。 例如:She smelt the meat.她闻了闻那块肉。 I felt in my pocket for cigarettes.我用手在口袋里摸香烟。 4、taste, smell作不及物动词时,可用于"t aste / smell + of +名词"结构,意为"有……味道/气味"。 例如:The air in the room smells of earth.房间里的空气有股泥土味。 5、它们(sound除外)可以直接作名词,与have或take构成短语。 例如：May I have a taste of the mooncakes?我可以尝一口这月饼吗？taste有品位、味道的意思。 例如：I don’t like the taste of the garlic.我不喜欢大蒜的味道。 She dresses in poor taste.她穿着没有品位。 look有外观，特色的意思，例：The place has a European look.此地具有欧洲特色。 feel有感觉，感受的意思，watch有手表，观察的意思。例：My watch is expensive.我的手表很贵。 6、其中look, sound, feel还能构成"look / sound / feel + as if +从句"结构，意为"看起来/听起来/感觉好像……"。 例如：It looks as if our class is going to win.看来我们班好像要获胜了。 7、感官动词+do与+doing的区别： see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性。 I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"

(完整版)the的用法

定冠词the的用法： 定冠词the与指示代词this ,that同源,有“那(这)个”的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西. (1)特指双方都明白的人或物 Take the medicine.把药吃了. (2)上文提到过的人或事 He bought a house.他买了幢房子. I've been to the house.我去过那幢房子. (3)指世界上独一无二的事物 the sun ,the sky ,the moon, the earth (4)单数名词连用表示一类事物 the dollar 美元 the fox 狐狸 或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人 the rich 富人 the living 生者 (5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词等前面 Where do you live?你住在哪? I live on the second floor.我住在二楼. That's the very thing I've been looking for.那正是我要找的东西. (6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体 They are the teachers of this school.(指全体教师) They are teachers of this school.(指部分教师) (7)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前 She caught me by the arm.她抓住了我的手臂. (8)用在某些有普通名词构成的国家名称,机关团体,阶级等专有名词前 the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国 the United States 美国 (9)用在表示乐器的名词前 She plays the piano.她会弹钢琴. (10)用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人 the Greens 格林一家人(或格林夫妇) (11)用在惯用语中 in the day, in the morning... the day before yesterday, the next morning... in the sky... in the dark... in the end... on the whole, by the way...

感官动词的用法

1.感官动词用法之一：see, hear, listen to, watch, notice等词，后接宾语，再接动词原形或ing形式。前者表全过程，后者表正在进行。句中有频率词时，以上的词也常跟动词原形。 I heard someone knocking at the door when I fell asleep. (我入睡时有人正敲门) I heard someone knock at the door three times. (听的是全过程) I often watch my classmates play volleyball after school.(此处有频率词often) 若以上词用于被动语态，后面原有动词原形改为带to不定式： We saw him go into the restaurant. →He was seen to go into the restaurant. I hear the boy cry every day. →The boy is heard to cry every day. 2.感官动词用法之二：look, sound, smell, taste, feel可当系动词，后接形容词： He looks angry. It sounds good. The flowers smell beautiful. The sweets taste sweet. The silk feels soft. I felt tired. They all looked tired. 这些动词都不用于被动语态。如：The sweets are tasted sweet.是个病句。注意：如果加介词like,则后不可接形容词，而接名词或代词：

“the way+从句”结构的意义及用法

“tｈｅwａｙ+从句”结构的意义及用法 首先让我们来看下面这个句子: Ｒead the foｌloｗｉnｇpassagｅａnd talkａbout ｉt wi ｔh your classmaｔes．Try tｏｔeｌl whaｔyｏu thiｎk ｏf Tom aｎd ｏｆｔhe ｗay the chiｌｄrenｔrｅated ｈim. 在这个句子中，ｔhe waｙ是先行词,后面是省略了关系副词that或in whｉch的定语从句。 下面我们将叙述“the ｗaｙ+从句”结构的用法。 1.tｈe wａy之后，引导定语从句的关系词是tｈat而不是hoｗ,因此，<<现代英语惯用法词典＞＞中所给出的下面两个句子是错误的：Ｔhｉs is ｔｈeｗayｈowｉtｈａppened. This is the way how he ａlwａｙs treats me. 2．在正式语体中,thaｔ可被in which所代替;在非正式语体中，ｔhat则往往省略。由此我们得到theｗay后接定语从句时的三种模式：1) tｈe ｗaｙ＋ｔhａt-从句２）the way +ｉn whiｃh－从句3) the ｗay +从句 例如：Ｔｈe way(in whiｃh ，thａt) ｔhｅｓｅｃomｒade ｓloｏｋａｔｐrobｌems is wrong．这些同志看问题的方法

不对。 Ｔｈｅｗａy(that ,ｉn ｗhiｃh)yoｕ’ｒe doinｇit is comple ｔeｌy crａzy.你这么个干法,简直发疯。 Wｅａdmiｒｅd him for thｅｗay ｉｎｗhｉch he fａｃeｓdiｆficultieｓ． Waｌlａｃe ａｎd Ｄarwiｎｇreed ｏn the way ｉｎwhi ｃh ｄｉfｆｅrｅnt forms ｏf life had ｂegｕn.华莱士和达尔文对不同类型的生物是如何起源的持相同的观点。 Thｉs is ｔｈe ｗaｙ（tｈａｔ) hｅdｉd it. I lｉkeｄｔhe waｙ(ｔhat) ｓｈeｏｒganized ｔhe ｍeetｉng． 3.theｗay(tｈat)有时可以与hｏw(作“如何”解）通用。例如： That’s tｈe ｗaｙ(tｈaｔ) shｅspoke. = Tｈat’s how shｅspoke.

(完整版)time的用法总结

一．time的短语 from time to time 有时 on time 准时, in time 及时; all the time 始终,一直; at the same time 同时， ahead of time提前 at no time 绝不 some time一段时间 sometime“在某一时候”。可用来指过去或将来 sometimes (at times, from time to time) “有时，不时” at a time （a time） at one time （once）

at times ( sometimes) in no time （immediately）立刻,马上; have a good/nice time (enjoy oneself) “过的愉快 for the time being “暂时” Many a time/many times 多次 take one’s time从容 kill time消磨时间 【活学活用】选出与画线部分意思相同或相近的选项 1. Jim comes to visit us from time to time. That’s always the happiest time for the family. A.on time B. sometime C. at times D. some times

2．At no time _____study though __ ___great progress. A. should we give up; we have made B. shouldn’t we give up; we have made C. we should give up; we have made D. we shouldn’t give up; have we made 3.---When shall we visit the Science Museum?” ---_________ next week.” A.Sometime B. Sometimes C. Some time D. Sometimes 答案：1. C2.A 3A 二．time相关从属连词高考常考点 1. every time / each time每次 Every time I call on him, he is out.

way 用法

表示“方式”、“方法”，注意以下用法： 1.表示用某种方法或按某种方式，通常用介词in(此介词有时可省略)。如： Do it (in) your own way. 按你自己的方法做吧。 Please do not talk (in) that way. 请不要那样说。 2.表示做某事的方式或方法，其后可接不定式或of doing sth。 如： It’s the best way of studying [to study] English. 这是学习英语的最好方法。 There are different ways to do [of doing] it. 做这事有不同的办法。 3.其后通常可直接跟一个定语从句(不用任何引导词)，也可跟由that 或in which 引导的定语从句，但是其后的从句不能由how 来引导。如： 我不喜欢他说话的态度。 正：I don’t like the way he spoke. 正：I don’t like the way that he spoke. 正：I don’t like the way in which he spoke. 误：I don’t like the way how he spoke. 4.注意以下各句the way 的用法： That’s the way (=how) he spoke. 那就是他说话的方式。 Nobody else loves you the way(=as) I do. 没有人像我这样爱你。 The way (=According as) you are studying now, you won’tmake much progress. 根据你现在学习情况来看，你不会有多大的进步。 2007年陕西省高考英语中有这样一道单项填空题： ——I think he is taking an active part insocial work. ——I agree with you_____. A、in a way B、on the way C、by the way D、in the way 此题答案选A。要想弄清为什么选A，而不选其他几项，则要弄清选项中含way的四个短语的不同意义和用法，下面我们就对此作一归纳和小结。 一、in a way的用法 表示：在一定程度上，从某方面说。如： In a way he was right.在某种程度上他是对的。注：in a way也可说成in one way。 二、on the way的用法 1、表示：即将来(去)，就要来(去)。如： Spring is on the way.春天快到了。 I'd better be on my way soon.我最好还是快点儿走。 Radio forecasts said a sixth-grade wind was on the way.无线电预报说将有六级大风。 2、表示：在路上，在行进中。如： He stopped for breakfast on the way.他中途停下吃早点。 We had some good laughs on the way.我们在路上好好笑了一阵子。 3、表示：(婴儿)尚未出生。如： She has two children with another one on the way.她有两个孩子，现在还怀着一个。 She's got five children，and another one is on the way.她已经有5个孩子了，另一个又快生了。 三、by the way的用法

初中英语语法的八种时态的具体用法

初中英语语法的八种时态的具体用法： 一般现在时表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态,或说明主语的特征。 ①一般现在时句子中常有的时间状语：often,usually,sometimes,always,every (day等), once/twice,a (week等), on (Sunday等),never,in the (morning等)。如：They go to the Palace Museum once a year.(他们每年去一次故宫)/ They often discuss business in the evening.(他们经常在晚上商谈生意) ②表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态时句子里一般不用时间状语。如：The earth turns round the sun.(地球绕着太阳转)/ Light travels faster than sound.(光传播比声音快) ③表示十分确定会发生(如安排好的事情)或按照时间表进行的事情,用一般现在可以表达将来,句子中可以有将来时间。如：The train for Haikou leaves at 8：00 in the morning.(开往汉口的列车上午8点开车) ④在时间状语从句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引导)和条件状语从句中(以if,unless引导),用一般现在时代替一般将来时,句子可以有将来时间。如：Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德国就给我打电话) / If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我们就只好呆在家) ⑤一般现在时用于倒装句中可以表示正在发生的动作,动词以come, go为主。如：Here comes the bus. (车来了) / There goes the bell.(铃响了)。 ⑥一般现在时常用于体育比赛的解说或寓言故事中。Now the midfield player catches the ball and he keeps it.

感官动词

感官动词的概念和相关考点 1、什么是感官动词？ 听觉：listen to、hear 视觉：look at、seem、watch 嗅觉：smell 触觉：feel、touch 味觉：taste 2、感官动词如何正确使用？ Tom drove his car away. →I saw him drive away. (全过程) 用法一：somebody did sth + I saw this I saw somebody do something. Tom was waiting for the bus. →I saw Tom waiting for the bus. (看不到全过程) 用法二：somebody was doing sth + I saw this I saw somebody doing something 练习： 一、句子翻译 1. I didn,t hear you come in. 2. I suddenly felt sth touch me on the shoulder. 3. I could hear it raining. 4. Listen to the birds singing. 5. Can you smell sth burning? 6. I found Sue in my room reading my letters. 二、灵活运用 1. I saw Ann waiting for the bus. 2. I saw Dave and Helen playing tenins. 3. I saw Clair having her meal. 三、选择最佳选项 1. Did anybody see the accident (happen/happening)? 2. We listen to the old man (tell/telling) his story from beginning to the end. 3. Listen! Can you hear a baby (cry/crying)? 4.—Why did you turn around suddenly? — I heard someone (call/calling) my name. 5. We watched the two men (open/opening) a window and (climb/climbing) through it into house. 6. When we got there, we found our cat (sleep/sleeping) on the table. 四、感官动词的被动语态 Oh，the milk is tasted strange.

Unit6BythetimeIgotoutside

课题：Unit 6（Section A 1a-2c）主备人：吴兰英备课时间：上课时间： 一、明确目标 1. 能够掌握本节课出现的重点短语和句子。 2. 掌握部分不规则动词过去分词的拼写形式及过去完成时的用法。 二、自主学习 （一）新知探寻： 1. 通过预习，同学们能又快又准确写出下列单词的过去式和过去分词吗？ go _______ _______ leave _______ _______ get _______ _______ start _______ _______ ring _______ _______ give_______ _______ come ______ _______ take _______ _______ 2. 请同学们认真预习课文，从课文中找出这些重点短语。 （1）洗澡（淋浴）（2）到…时候为止 （3）起床（4）把…落在家里 （5）到了我起床的时候，我哥哥（弟弟）已经在洗澡（淋浴）了。 ________________________________________________________________ （6）当她到了学校的时候她才意识到我把她的书包落在家里了 ________________________________________________________________ （二）疑难困惑： 三、展示交流 1. 比一比赛一赛：各小组长提问其它小组成员课前准备的短语，看哪个小组完成得最棒！ 2. 1a 认真观察图片看看图片中的人在干什么，然后跟小组内的同学们讨论下你们早晨上学前都干些什么？你喜欢早晨吗？为什么？ 3. 1b 听录音然后把对话内容补充完整。并在小组内共同订正听力的答案。 4. 1c 两人一组根据图画的内容自己完成一组对话。 5. 2a & 2b Listen to the tape and finish 2a and 2b. 6. 小组长带领大家讨论一下听力的答案，并负责解答组内其他同学的疑问。 7. 2c 根据你的理解给2b部分的短文写一个结尾，看谁写的最好。 四、合作探究 小组合作，总结一下过去完成时态的结构、用法和标志词。然后组间交流，教师点拨。 五、达标拓展 （一）根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. 我出去的时候公共汽车已经开走了。____ _____ ___I got outside, the bus____ already_______. 2. 她到达学校的时候，意识到把书包落在家里了。 _____ she got to school, she _____ she ____ ______ her backpack at home. 3. 我返回学校的时候，铃已经响了。 By the time I ____ ____ to school, the bell ______ _______. 教学后记：

感官动词用法

我们学过了五个与人的感觉有关的动词，它们是look，sound，smel l，taste，feel，我们可称之为“感官”动词。它们的用法有着许多相同点，但也有不同之处，现就此作一小结。 一、这五个动词均可作连系动词，后面接形容词作表语，说明主语所处的状态。其意思分别为“看/听/闻/尝/摸起来……”。除loo k之外，其它几个动词的主语往往是物，而不是人。例如：These flowers smell very sweet. 这些花闻起来很香。 The tomatoes feel very soft. 这些西红柿摸起来很软。 The music sounds beautiful. 二、这些动词后面也可接介词like短语，like后面常用名词。例如： Her idea sounds like fun. 她的主意听起来很有趣。 He looks like his father. 三、这五个感官动词也可作实义动词，除look（当“看起来……”讲时）只能作不及物动词外，其余四个既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词，其主语通常是人。例如： She smelt the meat. 她闻了闻那块肉。

I felt in my pocket for cigarettes. 我用手在口袋里摸香烟。 He tasted the soup and added some salt. Miss Wang asked us to look at the blackboard. 四、taste，smell作不及物动词时，可用于“taste / smell + of + 名词”结构，意为“有……味道 / 气味”。例如： The air in the room smells of earth. 房间里的空气有股泥土味。 The bread taste of sugar. 五、它们（sound除外）可以直接作名词，与have或take构成短语。例如： May I have a taste of the mooncakes？我可以尝一口这月饼吗？ May I have a look at your photo? 六、其中look，sound，feel还能构成“look / sound / feel + as if +从句”结构，意为“看起来/听起来/ 感觉好像……”。例如：