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1．哈佛系统

哈佛骨板与哈佛管共同组成的系统称为哈佛系统。

2．大网膜

大网膜是从胃大弯向下悬垂并反折向上附于横结肠的四层肠系膜结构。

3．内囊

内囊为位于背侧丘脑、尾状核、豆状核之间的白质，分前肢、后肢和内囊膝三部分。

4．神经管

脊索诱导其背侧的外胚层细胞增殖形成神经板，神经板中央沿纵轴凹陷形成神经沟，沟两侧隆起成神经褶，神经褶由中部愈合并向头尾延伸成管状，称神经管。

5．肾单位

是肾的结构和功能单位，由肾小体和肾小管组成，分为皮质肾单位和髓旁肾单位。

6．硬膜外隙

指的是硬脊膜与椎管内的骨膜之间的间隙，内含有脊神经根、脂肪、椎内静脉丛，淋巴管等，临床上硬膜外麻醉时将药物注入此间隙。

7．内囊

为位于背侧丘脑、尾状核、豆状核之间的白质。内囊分前肢、后肢和内囊膝三部分。

8．上消化道

临床上把口腔、咽、食管、胃和十二指肠称为上消化道。

9．卵圆窝

是位于房间隔右侧面下部的浅窝，是胎儿时期卵圆孔闭合后的遗迹，房间隔缺损多发生于此处。

10．肝小叶

肝小叶是肝结构和功能的基本单位，为多角形棱柱体。每个肝小叶由中央静脉、肝板、肝血窦和胆小管组成。

11．胸骨角

胸骨柄和体连结处，形成向前微突的角，称胸骨角。

12．小网膜

是肝门与胃小弯和十二指肠上部之间的肠系膜结构，包括肝胃韧带和肝十二指肠韧带。

13．两胚层胚盘

胚发育第2周，内细胞团细胞分裂增殖，近胚泡腔侧的一层立方形细胞称内胚层；其上方的一层柱状

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