动词不定式的六大考点
动词不定式的六大考点
动词不定式在历年高考中是考查的热点问题之一，在单选、完形、改错题中，我们都可以看到它的身影，历年高考题主考查它的句法功能、时态和语态、与过去分司及v-ing 用法
的对比、动词不定式中to的省略与保留、不定式符号to与介词to 在某些结构中的区别。此外，其他一些复杂结构中也设有考点。
一、动词不定式在句子中的句法功能
1. 作主语
动词不定式在句中作主语，如果动词不定式是一个较长的短语，一般用it 作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句末。
1) In fact is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match．(2001·上海)
A. this
B. that
C. there
D. it
析：不定式的复合结构for the police to keep．．．为真正主语，置于句末，句首缺少形式主语，只有it才有这一功能，故选D。
2. 作宾语
直接放在某些动词后作宾语。这类动词有agree , afford , ask , decide , expect , hope , learn , manage , need , plan , pretend , intend , refuse , want , wish 等。
2) In order to gain a bigger share in the international market , many state-run companies are striving their products more competitive .(2002·上海)
A . to make B. making C. to have made D. having made
析：strive 总为“努力、奋斗、力求”，后接不定式作宾语，故选A。当然，“疑问词+ 不定式”也可作某些动词的宾语。
3) I’ve worked with children before , so I know what in my new job . (NMET2000)
A. to expected
B. to expect
C. to be expecting
D. expects
析：“what + 不定式“作know 的宾语，故选B。
3. 作定语
动词不定式作定语常放在被修饰词的后面。如果动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词，还需要在其后加适用当的介词。
4) She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role in making the earth a better place to live．(2003·上海春)
A. to have played
B. to play
C. to be played
D. to be playing
析：由于该句将play a role in中的宾语a role提前，所以要用不定式作后置定语，故选B。
4. 作表语
放在be动词或其他一些连系动词后。
5) Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple，but it remains whether they will enjoy it．(NMET2002)
A. to see
B. to be seen
C. seeing
D. seen
析：remains为系动词，因其主语是it，故要用不定式的被动式作表语，选B。
5. 作状语
不定式在句中作状语可以表示目的、结果和原因等，作状语的动词不定式在一般情况下要和句子的主语一致。
6) In order to make our city green，.（2002·上海春）
A. it is necessary to have planted more trees
B. many more trees need to plant
C. our city needs more trees
D. we must plant more trees
析：In order to make…在句中作目的状语，其逻辑主语应是人(we)，故选D。
6. 作宾语补足语
有些动词，如advise，ask，allow，beg，encourage，expect．find，forbid，force，invite，order，permit，persuade，remind，teach，want，warn，would like （love)等，后面可跟带to的不定式作宾补；感官动词和使役动词，如see，notice，watch, observe，look at，hear，listen to，feel，smell，make，have，let等，后面只能跟不带to的不定式作宾补。
7) M y adviser encouraged a summer course to improve my writing skills．(2004·北京)
A. for me taking
B. me taking
C. for me to take
D. me to take
析：encourage后要跟带to的不定式作宾语补足语，构成“encourage sb．to do sth.”结构，故选D。
二、动词不定式的时态
动词不定式有一般式、完成式和进行式等几种形式。一般式表示与句子的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后；完成式表示该动作发生在句子谓语动词所表示的动作之前；进行式表示该动作在谓语动词所
表示的动作发生时正在进行。
8) Rober is said abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in. (NMETl999)
A. to have studied
B. to study
C. to be studying
D. to have been studying
析：“在国外学习”明显先于“我不知道……”，故要用不定式的完成式，选A。
三、动词不定式的语态
动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的承受者，则用被动式。动词不定式的被动式只有一般式和完成式(to be +v. -ed；to have been + v. -ed )。
9) The news reporters hurried to the airport, only the film star had left. (2004·福建)
A. to tell
B. to be told
C. telling
D. told
析：根据语境“记者赶到机场，只是被告知影星走了”可知，要用不定式的被动式，故选B。
四、与过去分词及v. – ing 用法的对比
动词不定式有表将来和主动的含义，过去分词有表完成和被动的含义，而v. – ing表示正在进行和主动的含义。
10) Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV, they are pictures jn your mind instead of before your eyes. (2004·全国．III)
A. to form
B. form
C. forming
D. having formed
析：此处为现在分词作定语，表示正在进行和主动的含义，相当予forming 前省略了which are，故选C。
但有的动词，如remember, forget, mean, try, go on等,后跟动词不定式和v. –ing形式作宾语时意义完全不同。
11) In some parts of London, missing a bus means for another hour. (200l·上海春)
A．waiting B．to wait
C．wait D．to be waiting
析：mean后接不定式意为“打算、想要”，后接动名词意为“意味着”。该题明显属于后者，故选A。
五、不定式中to的省略与保留
在would rather, rather than, rather than…，had better等结构中需省略不定式中的to .
12) Rather than on a crowded bus，he always prefer a bicycle. (N METl994)
A. ride; ride
B. riding; ride
C. ride; to ride
D. to ride; riding
析：rather than后只接动词原形；prefer后要接不定式，故选C。
13) If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better it —you’ve got some big bills coming. (2004·广东)
A. forget
B. forgot
C. forgetting
D. to forget
析：better是you’d better的缩略形式，其后只接动词原形，故选A。
注意：在cannot but, can not choose but, cannot help but等结构中，且这些介词前又有实义动词do的某种形式时，but后要跟省略to的动词不定式。
Sandy could do nothing but to this teacher that he was wrong. (2001·上海春)
A．admit B．admitted C．admitting D．to admit
析：该句中的but为介词，意为“除了”，且前面又有实义动词do，因此but 后只能接省略to的不定式。选A。
六、动词不定式的to和作介词的to 在某些结构中的区别
14) —How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
—The key the problem is to meet the demand by the customers. (2002·北京)
A. to solving；making
B. to solving；made
C. to solve；making
D. to solve；made
析：The key the problem意为“解决问题的关键”，其中to为介词，意为“……的”，故其后要接动名词，选B。
巧记妙学
只接动词原形作宾语补足语的动词
一感二听三让四看
说明：
一感：指一个表示感觉的词——feel；
二听：指两个表示听觉的词——hear，1isten to；
三让：指三个表示“使、让”的词——have，make，1et；
四看：指四个表示看的词——see，watch，notice，observe.
分词的八大考点
近几年的高考对分词的考查形式是千变万化的，这主要是因为，分词在句子中起着形容词和副词的作用。它在句子中可作定语、状语、宾语补足语、表语，也可用于独立主格结构。其热点考查内容如下：
一、分词作定语
1) Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases only to people with specific knowledge. (2002·上海)
A. being known
B. having been known
C. to be known
D. known
析：“不要用那些只有专业人士才认识的单词、词组或短语”，因此要用过去分词known作后置定语，故选D。
2) Mr Smith, of the speech, started to read and novel．(2003·北京春)
A. tired; boring
B. tiring; bored
C. tired; bored
D. tiring; boring
析：第一空应填tired，构成(be)tired of短语，作非限制性定语。第二空表示“令人厌烦的”，应用现在分词作定语。故选A。
二、分词作状语
3) by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.(2004·辽宁)
A. Attracting
B. Attracted
C. To be attracted
D. Having attracted
析：小女孩是被自然界的美丽所吸引的，因此应填过去分词作原因状语，表示被动，相当于As the girl was attracted by…之省略，选B。
4)“We can’t go out in this weather,”said Bob, out of the window．(2004·全国·Ⅱ)
A. looking
B. to look
C. 1ooked
D. having looked
析：Bob说话时的伴随状况是往窗外看，因此，应用现在分词looking作伴随状语，选A。
5)“You can’t catch me!”Janet shouted，away. (2005·全国·III)
A. run
B. running
C. to run
D. ran
析：Janet叫喊的伴随状语是逃跑，因此，应用现在分词作伴随状语，选B。
6) in thought, he almost ran into the ear in front of him．(NMETl996)
A. Losing
B. Having lost
C. Lost
D. To lose
析：lost没有被动之意，它来自于系表结构短语be lost in thought，意为“沉溺于思考之中”，表状态，故选C。
三、分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是主句的主语
7) Finding her car stolen, .(2001·上海)
A. a policeman was asked to help
B. the area was searched thoroughly
C. it was looked for everywhere
D. she hurried to a policeman for help
析：分析语境逻辑不难发现，Finding her car stolen的动作应由she来完成，故选D。
8) While watching television, ．(2005·全国·III)
A. the doorbell rang
B. the doorbell rings
C. we heard the doorbell ring
D. we heard the doorbell rings
析：“看电视”的动作应由we来完成。另外，hear为感官动词，其补足语用不带to的不定式，即动词原形，故选c。
四、分语作状语时，使用“连词+ 过去分词”形式
9) Generally speaking, according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. (2003·上海)
A. when taking
B. when taken
C. when to take
D. when to be take
析：根据语境“按说明吃这种药时没有副作用”，应用“连词+过去分词”构成的过去分词复合结构作状语，故选B。
10)The research is so designed that once nothing can be done to change it. (NMET2002)
A. begins
B. having begun
C. beginning
D. begun
析：根据语境“这个研究一旦被启动就无法改变”，因此应填过去分词begun，即“连词once+过去分词”作状语，选D。
11) When first to the market, these products enjoyed great success．(2004·全国·II)
A. introducing
B. introduced
C. introduce
D. being introduced
析：这些产品是被引进市场去的，因此应填过去分词introduced，即“连词when+过去分词”作状语，选B。
五、分词作补足语
12) He looked around and caught a man his hand into the pocket of a passenger．(2004·北京春)
A. put
B. to be putting
C. to put
D. putting
析：他发现一个男子正把手伸进乘客的口袋，因此应填putting作宾语补足语，选D。
13) The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see the next year．(NMET2000)
A. carry out
B. carrying out
C. carried out
D. to carry out
析：句中would like to see的宾语the plan被前置，因此可还原成they would like to see the plan ，显然此处意为“他们愿意看到计划被贯彻执行”，所以应用过去分词carried out作宾语补足语，选C。
六、分词作表语
14) It is believed that if a book is ，it will surely the reader. (2003 ·上海)
A. interested；interest
B. interesting；be interested
C. interested；be interesting
D. interesting；interest
析：第一空表“有趣的”，作表语，说明主语的性质特点，应填interesting。第二空缺谓语，应填interest(使感兴趣)，选D。
15) The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain as the plane was making a landing．(2004·上海春)
A. seat
B. seating
C. seated
D. to be seating
析：remain seated是系表结构，无被动之义，选C。
七、分词独立主格结构
16) The murderer was brought in，with his hands behind his back．(NMET 1991)
A. being tied
B. having tied
C. to be tied
D. tied
析：凶手的双手被绑在背后的，所以应用过去分词构成的独立主格结构作伴随状语，即“with结构(with+宾语+过去分词+另一个介词短语)”，选D。
八、分词的复杂形式
17）such heavy pollution already，it may now be toolate to clean up the river．(NMET2001)
A. Having suffered
B. Suffering
C. To suffer
D. Suffered
析：already暗示该空动作已经完成，因此，应填现在分词完成式作状语，选A。
动名词的七大考点
动名词一直是历年高考的考查热点。考查的主要是其时态、语态、否定式、复合结构及其在句中的功能。现将其考点归纳如下：
一、动名词的时态和语态
动名词的时态有一般式和完成式，语态有主动式和被动式。
1. 动名词的一般式表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时或稍后发生；其完成式表示动作先于谓语动词的动作完成。
1) I really enjoy that kind of job. (METl985)
A. do
B. doing
C. to do
D. to be doing
析：enjoy后只接动名词作宾语，且要用一般式，故选B。
2) She was pleased that the teacher wasn’t angry with her for so rude．
A. being
B. haying been
C. to have been
D. to be
析：表示原因的介词for后要求跟动名词作宾语，显然，“粗鲁的”动作先于“不生气”，所以用动名词的完成式，选B。
2. 动名词的语态主要取决于其与逻辑主语的关系。如果逻辑主语是动名词动作的执行者就用主动形式，如果是动名词动作的承受者就用被动形式。
3) The squirrel was lucky that it just missed . (METl987)
A. catching
B. to be caught
C. being caught
D. to catch
析：miss(错过)后只跟动名词作宾语，而逻辑主语squirrel是catch的对象，也就是动作的承受者，用动名词的被动式，故选C。
二、动名词的否定式
动名词的否定式——在动名词前直接加上not。
4)—I must apologize for ahead of time．
—That’s all right．(NMETl994)
A. 1etting you not know
B. not letting you know
C. 1etting you know not
D. 1etting not you know
析：not应置于动名词之前，故选B。
三、动名词的复合结构
动名词可以有自己的逻辑主语，从而构成动名词的复合结构。动名词的逻辑主语通常是形容词性物主代词、宾格代词、名词所有格或普通格(宾格)。动名词的复合结构作主语时，通常使用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词。
5) I can hardly imagine Peter across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.(METl991)
A. sail
B. to sail
C. sailing
D. to have sailed
析：注意imagine的搭配方式：imagine + 从句(动名词的复合结构)或imagine+宾语+to be(不接to do)。该题为“imagine + 动名词的复合结构(Peter／Peter’s + doing”，故选C。
6) I would appreciate hack this afternoon．(METl992)
A. you to call
B. you call
C. your calling
D. you’re calling
析：“appreciate+动名词的复合结构（形容词性物主代词+doing）”，故选C。
四、动名词在句中作主语
动名词作主语时要汪意三点：1．谓语动词通常用单数；2．常用it作形式主语；3．动名词表示经常的、习惯的动作或情况，而不定式更倾向于某一次特定的、具体的动作。
7）is a good form of exercise for both young and old．(NMETl992)
A. The walk
B. Walking
C. To walk
D. Walk
析：动名词作主语（表语）通常表“泛指”的动作，而不定式常表“特定、具体、将要”的动作，故选B。
五、动名词作表语
动名词作表语主要表示主语的具体内容。如臬表示与动名词主语等同或类似的情况，表语用动名词。如果表示目的、愿望、计划或某一特定的行为，尤其是将来的行为或有待于实现的行为时，表语用不定式。如：
His hobby was collecting stamps.
What I，m doing is teaching him a lesson.
My purpose (wish，hope，plan，idea) is to climb the mountain from the south.
六、动名词作定语
动名词作定语时，如果是单个动名词，通常置于被修饰的名词之前，表示被修饰名词的用途或性能。如。a swimming pool , a walking stick等。
七、动名词作宾语
1. 有些动词，如advise, consider (考虑), admit, allow，suggest (建议), finish, appreciate, mind, imagine, deny (否认), enjoy, keep(on)，practice, permit, miss (错过), excuse, escape，avoid risk (冒险), give up, put off, can’t help(禁不住)等，后面只能跟动名词作宾语。
8) I can’t imagine that with them．(METl986)
A. do
B. to do
C. being done
D. doing
析：imagine后只跟动名词作宾语，故选D。
2．有些动词后跟动名词和后跟不定式作宾语，意义不同。
9) When asked by the police，he said that he remembered at the party，but not (2005·北京)
A. to arrive; leaving
B. to arrive; to leave
C. arriving; leaving
D. arriving; to leave
析：remember (forget) 后接动名词表示“记住(忘记)曾做过某事”；接不定式表示“记住（忘记）将做某事”，故选C。
10)—You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting．
—WeⅡ，now I regret that．(NMETl995)
A. to do
B. to be doing
C. to have done
D. having done
析：regret后接动名词表示“后悔已做的事”，接不定式表示“对将做的事感到遗憾”，故选D。
11)—I usually go there by train．
—Why not by boat for a change?（METl992）
A. to try going
B. trying to go
C. to try and go
D. try going
析：“Why not + 动词原形”是“Why don’t you + 动词原形”的口语句式，意为“何不……?”表示建议。try后接动名词表示“试着做某事”；接不定式表示“努力去做某事”，故选D。
注意：类似的动词还有mean, stop, go on等。
3. require , need, want, be worth后跟的动名词主动形式表示被动含义。
12) Only one of these books is ．(METl986)
A. worth to read
B. worth being read
C. worth of reading
D. worth reading
析：be worth doing意为“值得做”，故选D。
4．动名词也可作介词的宾语，尤其要注意一些含介词to的动词短语，将其
与不定式区分开来。如lead to, devote to, be used to, object to, look forward to, get down to等。
13) We’re looking forward the photo exhibition. (METl983) ．
A. to visiting
B. to visit
C. to having visited
D. visiting
析：look forward to意为“盼望”，其中to为介词，故选A。
5. 在一些固定句型中，动名词作介词宾语，其中介词有时可以省略，常用结构有：
What(How)about doing sth?
have trouble (difficulty, problem, pleasure, a good time, a hard time) (from) doing sth．
prevent (stop, keep)．．．from doing sth．
protect (rescue, save)…from doing sth．
spend (waste)…(in) doing sth．
be busy (in) doing sth．
14) According to a recent U.S. survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week TV．(2004·上海)
A. to watch
B. to watching
C. watching
D. watch
析：该题表面上是在考查句型sb. spend time (money) (in)doing sth；实际上也在考查动名词作介词宾语，故选C。
15) How about the two of us a walk down the garden? (METl993)
A. to take
B. take
C. taking
D. to be taking
析：How(what)about后接动名词短语，表示“(……)做……怎么样?”，故选C。
【追踪训练】
1. will do you a great deal of good English every morning．
A. That; practising
B. It; practicing
C. This; practised
D. It; practise
2. She pretended me when I passed by.
A. not to see
B. not seeing
C. to not Bee
D. having not 8een
3. We agreed here but SO far she hasn’t turned up yet.
A. having met
B. meeting
C. to meet
D. to have met
4. Little Jim should love to the theatre this evening. (should love = would like)
A. to be taken
B. to take
C. being taken D．taking
5. I would love to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish
a report．
A. to go
B. to have gone
C. going
D. having to
6. Let’t try the work some other day.
A. do
B. to do
C. doing
D. to doing
7. The radio wants , for it doesn’t work．
A. repair
B. being repaired
C. repairing
D. to repair
8. He didn’t mind at home．
A. o be left
B. to leave
C. being left
D. leaving
9. No one is fond of at.
A. 1aughing
B. being laughed
C. 1aughed D．to be laughed
10. This sentence needs .
A. to improve
B. improve
C. improving
D. improved
11. She searched the top of the hill and stopped on a big rock by the side of the paths
A. to have rested
B. resting
C. to rest
D. rest
12. Go on the other exercise after you have finished this one.
A. to do
B. doing
C. with
D. to be doing
13. She didn’t remember him before.
A. having met
B. have met
C. to meet
D. to having met
14. —The light in the office is still on.
—Oh，I forgot .
A. turning 0ff
B. to turn it off
C. turn it off
D. having turned it off
15. I regret the lecture given by Prof. Wang. It’s said to be wonderful.
A. to miss
B. to missed
C. being missed
D. missing
16. They knew her very well. They had seen her up from children.
A. grow
B. grew
C. was growing
D. to grow
17. The missing boys were last seen near the river .
A. p1aying
B. to be playing
C. play
D. to play
18. Though he had often made his sister . Today he was made . by his little sister．
A. cry, to cry
B. crying, crying
C. cry, cry
D. to cry，cry
19. Mrs Smith warned her daughter after drinking.
A. never to drive
B. to never drive
C. never driving
D. never drive
20. —Good morning．Can I help you?--
—I’d like to have the package ，madam.
A. be weighed
B. to be weighed
C. to weigh
D. weighed
21.You can make yourself in English pretty well if you keep on speaking the language.
A. understand
B. understanding
C. to understand
D. understood
22. He made a paper plane his son.
A. to please
B. pleasing
C. please
D. pleased
23. Paul doesn’t have to be made , he always works hard.
A. 1earn
B. to learn
C. 1earned
D. 1earning
24. Do you know the boy under the tree?
A. 1ay
B. 1ain
C. 1aying
D. 1ying
25. The Olympic Games, in 775 B. C., did not include women players until 1912.
A. first playing
B. to be first played
C. first played
D. to be first playing
26. The first textbooks f1or Teaching English as a Foreign Language came out in the 16th century.
A. having written
B. to be written
C. being written
D. written
27. The computer centre, last year, is very popular among the students in this schoo1.
A. open
B. opening
C. having opened
D. opened
28. The secretary worked late into the night, a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare
B. preparing
C. prepared
D. was preparing
29. in the leg , the soldier had t0 lie in bed.
A. Wounding
B. To wound
C. Wounded
D. having wounded
30. more attention，the trees could have grown better．
A. To give
B. Giving
C. Having given
D. Given
31. She’s upstairs letters.
A. writes
B. is writing
C. writing
D. write
32. a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving
B. Receiving not
C. Not having received
D. Having not received
33. ―Can’t you read?‖Mary said to the notice.
A. angrily pointing
B. and point angrily
C. angrily pointed
D. and angrily pointing
34. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him .
A. not to
B. not to do
C. not do it
D. do not to
35. European football is played in 80 countries, it the most popular sport in the world.
A. making
B. makes
C. made
D. to make
36. Charles Babbage is generally considered the first computer·
A. to have invented
B. to invent
C. inventing
D. having invented
37. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, it more difficult．
A. not make
B. not to make
C. not making
D. do not make
38. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ―Sorry to miss you, will call later .‖
A. read
B. reads
C. to read
D. reading
39. Let’s try the work in another way，for we should try eyerything in time．
A. to do, getting, doing
B. doing, to get, done
C. doing, getting, done
D. to do, to get, doing
40. I don’t regret I thought even if it might have upset her.
A. to tell her what
B. to have told her that
C. telling what
D. telling her what
41. I don’t agree to your plan, for your plan will mean hours, but I don’t mean
you angry．
A. to spend, to make
B. spending, to make
C. to spend, making
D. spending, making
42. He was tired 0I——about by the boss．
A. ordering
B. having ordered
C. being ordered
D. ordered
43. won’t be of much help.
A. Tom’s going
B. Tom going
C. Tom goes
D. That Tom goes
44. what 1 wanted was the work as quickly as possible.
A. getting, done
B. to get，doing
C. getting, doing
D. to get, done
45. The teacher told him to speak louder by everybody.
A. so as to be heard
B. so as to hear
C. in order be heard
D. in order to hear
46. I saw her across the road and in the distance.
A. running, disappearing
B. run, to disappear
C. running，disappeared
D. run, disappear
47. Children usually have nothing .
A. to worry
B. worrying about
C. worries about
D. to worry about
48. There is nothing but down and wait for him back.
A. to be done, to sit, coming
B. to do, sit, come
C. to do，sit，to come
D. to do，to sit，to come
49. The radio tomorrow is Mary’s.
A. repairing
B. to be rep; red
C. repaired
D. being repaired
50. Once it can never be forgotten.
A. seen
B. seeing
C. to see
D. saw
51. I can’t have you such things about our teacher.
A. say
B. saying
C. to say
D. said
52. He decided his home to the town. He’s got used there。
A. to move, to living
B. to move, to live
C. moving, living
D. moving, to living
53. Last summer I took a course on .
A. how to make dresses
B. how dresses be made
C. how to be made dress
D. how dresses to be made
54. I walked along the path with leaves.
A. covered, fallen
B. covered，falling
C. covering, fallen
D. covering, falling
55. Strictly , I have no right to talk to you like that.
A. speak
B. speaking
C. spoken
D. to speak
56. I took the bike away it was Wu Ping’s.
A. to think
B. thought
C. think
D. thinking
57. the good news，they all jumped with joy·
A. Having heard
B.(on) Hearing
C. Heard
D. Having been heard
58. He was disappointed to find his suggestions down.
A. been turned
B. turned
C. to be turned
D. to turn
59. The man fell down to the ground，his eyes and his hands
A. closing, trembling
B. closed，trembling
C. closed，trembled
D. close，tremble
60. his accent, the man must be from Shanghai.
A. Judging by
B. Judged from
C. To judge from
D. If judge by
61. , tears came into her eyes.
A. Hearing the exciting news
B. At the sight of her lost son
C. When she watched the red flag being raised
D. When seeing her long lost son
62. The naughty student，, slipped in without being seen．
A. opened the door a little
B. who opens the door slightly
C. e slightly opened the door
D. opening the door a little
63. He is said not to attend the party unless——’
A. being invited
B. invited
C. inviting
D. to be invited
64. The students have to get the classroom .
A. remained, cleaning
B. remaining, cleaned
C. rest, cleaning
D. 1eft, clean
65. As you know，he is a man not down upon.
A. 1ook
B. to look
C. be looked
D. to be looked
66. The valuable stamp wa8 missing, found again.
A. having never
B. was never
C. not to be
D. was not
67. We the mountain on Saturday, but we were too busy.
A. wanted to have climbed
B. wanted to climb
C. have wanted to climb
D. had wanted to have climbed
68. He hurried back home，his friends had left．
A. only finding
B. only to find
C. in order to find
D. so as to find
69. The bus is so crowded that you’ll have a hard time off.
A. get
B. to get
C. getting
D. of getting
70. Before long the baby fell asleep, on his mother’s back.
A. carried
B. carrying
C. being carried
D. and carried
71. at night，the voice of the wolf made all of us .
A. Hearing，frightening，terrified
B. Heard，frightened，frightened
C. Hearing，frightened，terrifying
D. Heard，frightening，terrified
72. There was no need of both of them the same novel.
A. to borrow
B. borrowing
C. borrow
D. borrowed
73. Children，like young trees，require carefully.
A. to look after
B. looking after
C. being looked after
D. to be looked after
74. I advise you to be careful，she isn’t used to to like that．
A. speaking
B. being spoken
C. speak
D. be spoken
75. He was disappointed because of any chance left.
A. there was not
B. not there being
C. there not being
D. there being not
76. I have much pleasure a visit to you.
A. pay
B. to pay
C. paid
D. paying
77. You failed because of your illness，so you should suggest another chance.
A. to give
B. being given
C. to be given
D. giving
78. She asked for nothing except alone.
A. be left
B. 1eaving
C. to be 1eft
D. 1eave
79. They were the first the island.
A. to be on
B. going to
C. who was on
D. having gone to
80. She doesn’t want her child out in such weather.
A. take
B. taken
C. taking
D. be taken
81. It’s to see the two under the tree reading.
A. surprised, seated
B. surprising, seated
C. surprised, sitting
D. surprising, sitting
82. Nobody can understand you that at the meeting.
A. say
B. said
C. saying
D. to say
83. All , the meeting was declared open.
A. arrived
B. arriving
C. being arriving
D. having arrived
84. They couldn’t get into the room, the key .
A. had been lost
B. has been lost
C. being lost
D. having been 1ost
85. It’s a new pen. He seems it the other day.
A. to buy
B. buying
C. to have bought
D. to have had
86. He thought it an honour for him to invited.
A. be
B. have been
C. having
D. having been
87. a hot day, I decided to go壬or a swim.
A. What
B. Being
C. It was
D. It being
88. The order means the plan completely.
A. giving up
B. to give up
C. to give in
D. giving in
89. It’s mistaken so but it’s ham .
A. thinking, not to
B. to think, not to
C. to think, not
D. think, not
90. They shouted to him to jump across, but he to.
A. was glad
B. was about
C. was afraid
D. would like
91. Hunger Tom to steal.
A. drove
B. made
C. cause
D. lead
92. reasonable to give him a chance.
A. He was thought
B. It thinks
C. He considers
D. It was considered
93. His house was found one night.
A. robbed of
B. stolen
C. broken in
D. broken into
94. him for help. which choice is wrong ?
A. There’s no use asking
B. stolen
95. The children stood by the roadside bicycles .
A. watched, repaired
B. to watch, to be repaired
C. watching, being repaired
D. watching, repaired
96. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, that he had enjoyed his stay here.
A. having added
B. to add
C. adding
D. added ，
97. I can, t help the classroom, I’m busy with my lesson .
A. to clean
B. cleaning
C. cleaned
D. to be cleaning
98. The doctor did what he could the wounded boy.
A. save
B. saving
C. to save
D. saved
99. She couldn’t help when she heard the sad news and I couldn’t help but
sorry for her.
A. to cry, feeling
B. crying, feel
C. crying，to feel
D. cry, feel
100. The way she thought of enough money was to sell her hair.
A. getting
B. to get
C. to getting
D. gets
101. He is often listened in the next room.
A. sing
B. sang
C. to sing
D. to to sing
102. Whom would you rather the work?
A. to have to do
B. to have do
C. have to do
D. have do
103. The day we look forward to .
A. come
B. coming
C. has come
D. have come
104. They had nothing serious to deal with but themselves.
A. to relax
B. relax
C. relaxing
D. relaxed
105.I don’t want any misunderstanding between us.
A. to be
B. there being
C. there be
D. there to be
106. Is there any hope of the championship?
A. Xiao Liu group winning
B. Xiao Liu’s group winning
C. Xiao Liu’s group’s winning
D. Xiao Liu’s group to win
【参考答案】
1—5 BACAB 6—10 CCCBC 11—15 CAABD
16—20 AAAAD 21—25 DABDC 26—30 DDBCD
31—35 CCAAA 36—40 ABDBD 41—45 BV ADA
46—50 DDCBA 51—55 BAAAB 56—60 DBBBA
61—65 CDBBD 66—70 CABCA 71—75 DBCBC
76—80 DBAAB 81—85 BCDDC 86—90 BDABC
91—95 ADDCC 96—100 CACBB 101—106 DDCADB
巧记妙学
只接动名词作宾语的动词
Magfepris
卖给肥胖律师
说明：上面的这个词是虚拟的，根据读音译为“卖给肥胖律师”，每个字母代表一个单词的首字母。它们是：mind, avoid, give up, finish, enjoy, practice, risk, insist on，suggest.
形容词与副词的十大考点
形容词、副词是中学英语中的重要语法项目，也是高考重点考查的内容，范围广、考点多，要引起特别重视。
一、形容词与副词的区别
形容词与副词均属修饰性词类，但因被修饰内容有所不同而具备不同的用法，高考非常注重对比进行考查。单项选择题和短文改错题中出现了大量的此类试题。
1) These oranges taste . ( METl991 )
A. good
B. well
C. to be good
D. to be well
析：taste为连系动词，后接形容词作表语，选A。
2) I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (NMETl995·改错)
析：time为名词，应用形容词修饰，故将wonderfully改为wonderful。
3) Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (NMETl999·改错)
析：Unfortunate应改为副词Unfortunately来修饰整个句子。
二、容易混淆的形容词怀副词的区别
高考经常设置语境考查易混形容词、副词及短语的区别。
4) The lessons given by Mr Smith are always and interesting. (2001·上海春)
A. 1ovely B．1ovingly C. 1ivelv D. vividly
析：lively and interesting这个短语意为“生动有趣”。选C。
5) Mr Smith used to smoke but he has given it up. (2004·天津)
A. seriously
B. heavily
C. badly
D. hardly
析：smoke heavily指“抽烟多，抽烟厉害”，选B。
6) When we plan our vacation，mother often offers suggestions．(2004·全国·Ⅲ)
A. careful
B. practical
C. effective
D. acceptable
析：practical suggestions 意为“现实（实际）的建议”，选B。
三、比较级、最高级的使用范围
两个事物进行比较应使用比较级，三个或三个以上事物进行比较应使用最高级。
7) Professor White has written some short stories, but he is known for his plays. (NMETl998)
A. the best
B. more
C. better
D. the most
析：该句将他在短篇小说方面的名气与他在戏剧方面的名气做比较，应使用比较级，这里应用well的比较级better，而不是more。选C。
8) That doesn’t sound very frightening, Paul. I’ve seen .What did you like most about the film? (2004·湖南)
A. better
B. worse
C. best
D. worst
析：该题前两句存在着递进关系，指“这听起来并不恐惧，我看过更糟糕的”，故选B。
9) John has three sisters．Mary is of the three (METl987)
A. most cleverest
B. more clever
C. cleverest
D. clever
析：三者之间进行比较应使用最高级，clever的最高级形式为cleverest。选C。
四、比较级、最高级使用时的注意点
使用比较级时应将主语排除在被比较的范围之外，因为主语只能和他人或他物相比，而不能和自已相比。使用最高级时应将主语包含在最高级的范围之内。若离开这个范围，主语便不能成为这个范围中的最高级。
10) Jimmy is the oldest boy and is taller than boy in the class. (METl987)
【英语】高考英语非谓语动词真题汇编(含答案)
【英语】高考英语非谓语动词真题汇编(含答案) 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．Jenny hopes that Mr Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English ________ in a short period. A．improved B．improving C．to improve D．improve 【答案】A 【解析】 宾语written English与improve之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾补。 2．Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work _______, we refused his offer. A．not finishing B．had not been finished C．not having finished D．not finished 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：在这里，our work处在逗号位置，作整个句子的原因状语，这里应填非谓语动词。work和finish存在逻辑上的被动关系，所以应该用过去分词，故选D。 考点：独立主格结构的考查 点评：独立主格结构（Independent Genitive）由两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。 3．The rainforest is an amazing place, ________ with plants and animals that aren’t found anywhere else in the world. A．filling B．filled C．being filled D．to fill 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：热带雨林是一个令人惊讶的地方，充满了世界其他地方不能找到的动植物。固定词组：be filled with被……充满，此处place和fill之间是一种被动关系，所以用过去分词做伴随状态，故选B。 4．Workers have been working through the night ________ the bridge safe. A．made B．to make C．being made D．having made 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了使桥安全工人们整夜地工作。此处用动词不定式作目的状语，故选B。
初二动词不定式练习题
动词不定式专项练习 一、动词不定式作主语 1. It's our duty _________ the room every day. A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans(甘肃省) 2. It's hard for us _________ English well. A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning(江西省) 3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。 It will _________ the workers over a year _________ _________ the flyover.(北京市海淀区) 4. It's very nice _________ you to get me two tickets _________ the World Cup. A. for，of B. of，for C. to，for D. of，to(安徽省) Keys：1. A 2. C 3. take，to，build 4. B ［简析］动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置，也可以用先行词it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有： (1)It is +形容词(of sb)to do sth. (2)It is +名词(for sb)to do sth (3)It takes sb some time to do sth (4)It is +形容词(for sb)to do sth.句式 (1)中常用nice，kind，clever，good，right，wrong，foolish，careless等形容词，与介词of搭配，这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质；句式(4)中常用hard，difficult，easy，important等形容词，与介词for搭配，表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。 注意：当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型 (对)To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。(错)It is to believe to see. It's for sb.和It's of sb. 1) for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等： It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。 2) of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。 It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。 for 与of 的辨别方法：用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如：You are nice.(通顺，所以应用of)。He is hard. (人是困难的，不通，因此应用for。) A.It is right to stop killing wild animals. B.It is the best time to visit USA in summer. C.It is helpful for us to learn English well. 二、动词不定式作宾语 1. He wants ______ some vegetables. A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys (山西省) 2. Don't forget ______ your homework with you when you come to school. A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking (福建省) 3. He found it very difficult ______. A. sleeping B. sleeps C. slept D. to fall asleep (湖南省) Keys：1. C 2. A 3. D
动词不定式用法归纳
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高中动词不定式专题练习(附答案)
动词不定式专题练习 1. This company was the first ____ portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world. A. producing B. to produce C. having produced D. produced 2. The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, ____it more difficult. A .not making B. not make C .not to make D. nor to make 3. Helen had to shout ______above the sound of the music . A .making herself hear B. to make herself hear C. making herself heard D .to make herself heard 4. I don’t know whether you happen_______ ,but I am going to study in the U.S.A this September. A .to be heard. B. to be bearing C .to hear D .to have heard 5. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ______the film stars had left. A .to tell B .to be told C .telling D .told 6. You were silly not _______your car. A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked 7. The teacher asked us ______so much noise. A .don’t make B. not make C. not making D .not to make 8. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered _____clear warnings before firing any shots. A .to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued
八年级英语动词不定式用法梳理
八年级英语动词不定式用法梳理 动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非 谓语动词结构。有些动词不定式不带to，动词不定式可以作 句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。不定式保留动词的某些特性，可以有自己的宾语、状语等。动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成短语，叫作不定式短语。 一、用作主语 多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语一一动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。动词不定式作主语，谓 语动词用第三人称单数形式。疑问词+不定式短语作主语可 置于句首，复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。如： 1.1 t is our duty to try our best to deal With these problems. 2. The head teacher Said it WaS necessary to talk With his mother. 3. HOW to learn EngIiSh well is important. 4. To See iS to believe.（眼见为实；百闻不如一见） 二、用作表语 动词不定式作表语，常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。如： 1. The best Way is to join an EngIiSh club. 2. The first thing is to IiSten to the teacher carefully. 三、用作宾语 1. 可以接带to的
动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：要求选择 同意(ask, choose, agree)期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, Iearm，宁可假装知道(prefer, pretend, know)，希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。女口： 1) We decided to talk to SOme StudentS about Why they go there. 2) He PreferS to eat White bread and rice. 3) Id love to ViSit Mexico. 2. 动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell...，介词结构on... 可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语，但Why后面的不定 式不带to。女口： 1) Could you PIeaSe tell me Where to Park my car? 2) It gives advice on What to do in lots of different SitUations. 3. 动词feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语 代替真正的宾语--- 动词不定式，句子结构是…feel / find / make / ... it+adj. / n.+to do...。女口: 4. 感知动词like, love, know等一般不用进行时态。 5. 后接动词不定式或Ving形式作宾语，意思差别较大的动词有forget, remember等。后接不定式作宾语，表动作尚未发 生；后接Ving形式作宾语，表动作已经发生。stop to do停
高中英语非谓语动词
语法复习十二：非谓语动词（一）——动词不定式 动词不定式、分词(现在分词，过去分词)和动名词统称为非谓语动词。现代英语将现在分词和动名词合为一大类叫作v + ing形式。这些动词的形式不能在句中单独作谓语用，因而没有语法主语。但可以有逻辑主语。由于没有语法主语，也就不受人称和数的限定，因为不是谓语，也就没有时态和语态，但这些词仍能表示动作和状态，所以仍有表示与其他动词相对时间关系的形式。由于与其它词有逻辑上的主谓关系，因此也有表示主、被动的形式，同时也有自己的宾语和状语，一起构成非谓语动词的短语(动词不定式短语，分词短语，动名词短语)。非谓语动词在英语语法中占有特殊且重要的位置。非谓语动词形式多样，应用广泛，且在句中起着很活跃的作用，也是语法项目中的重点和难点，学好非谓语动词，才能正确进行口语和书 it 所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的。）We are to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学。（句中的are to set up整个结构为句中谓语，主语为we，同时也是动词不定式to set up所表示的动作的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作是由we产生的）。 （3）作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语，如：She wishes to be a musician.；②作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid,
pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等，如：I am determined to give up smoking.；③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next? （4）作宾语补足语，如：Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去，如：I saw a little girl run across the street. （5）动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，须先用it作形式宾语，而将该动词不定式后置，如：I don’t think it right to do it that way. （6）作定语：动词不定式作定语时，须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后，如：Is this the best way to help him? 和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词，如：He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way，不定式后面的介词，习惯上可以省去，如：The old man is looking for a quiet place to live. （7）作状语：动词不定式可以作下列的状语：①目的状语：Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 为了强调不定式表示目的的作用，可在不定式前加in order to或so as to（以便或为了），但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可，而so as to不能位于句首，如：She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. 将表示目的的不定式置于句首，也可强调目的的作用，如：To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. ②结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。③too + 形容词或副词+ 动词不定式，表示“足能…”的结果，如：You are old enough to take care of yourself now. 3、复合结构不定式：由for + 名词（或代词宾格）+ 动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式。其中for本身无意义。for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语，这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语，如：It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest. 当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时，就用介词of而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语，这些形容词一般有good, nice, kind, wise, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, careless, impolite等，如：It is very kind of you to help him every day. 4、疑问词+ 动词不定式：疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语，在句中可作主语、表语或宾语，如：How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem. 5、动词不定式的否定式：动词不定式的否定式是由not + 动词不定式构成，如：It’s wrong of you not to attend the meeting. 6、动词不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系：（1）一般式：动词不定式一般式所表示的动作是和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，但在多数情况下，是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生，如：We decided to plant more trees this spring.（其后），They often watch us play table tennis.（同时）；（2）完成式：动词不定式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，如：I am sorryto have kept you waiting.
动词不定式的用法荟萃
动词不定式的用法荟萃 不定式在句子中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补语。 1)不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。 【例如】 To complete the 30storied building in one year was quite a difficult task. To do that implies taking responsibility. 当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到 谓语的后面。 【例如】 It is important for modern young people to master at least two foreign languages. It做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中： a) It is＋形容词(easy, important, difficult, foolish,
inconvenient, unnecessary, right, wrong...)＋( for/of sb.)＋ 不定式 【例如】 It is essential to reserve a table in advance of Christmas Eve. hard to put my hopessintoswords. It is not easy to catch fish with your hands only. It is important for us young people to learn English and master it. b) It is＋名词(a pleasure, a pity, a pleasant thing, one’s du ty, an honor, a shame, a crime, no easy job...) ＋不定式 It is a sheer waste of time to read that kind of trash. It is a pity to have to go without her. It is a glorious death to die for the people.
动词不定式练习及答案
一、接动词不定式做宾语的动词 三个希望两答应( hope, wish, want, agree, promise), 两个要求莫拒接(dema nd, ask, refuse), 设法学会做决定( man age, lear n, decide), 不要假装在选择(prete nd, choose) 1. tell sb. (not) to do sth.告诉某人 (不要)做某事 2. wa nt sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事 3. try to do sth.试图做某事 try doing sth 尝试做某事 4. help sb. (to) do sth.帮某人做某事 5. be busy with sth.忙于某事 =be busy doing sth 6. spend money/time on(doing) sth.花费金钱/ 时间去做某事 7. hope to do sth./hope(that) 希望.... 8. wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事 9. se nd sth to sb =se nd sb sth 发给某人某 物 10. find sb. doing sth.发现某人正在做某事 11. [remember to do sth.记得要去做某事 T -remember doing sth.记得曾经做过某事 12Jforget to do sth.忘记要去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记曾经做过某事 13. pla n to do sth.计划做某事 14. take sb. some time/m oney to do sth.做某事花费某人时间/金钱 15. sb. pay(s) mo ney for sth.某人在某物上花 费金钱 16. sth. cost(s) sb. some mo ney 某人在某物上花费金钱 17.like to do/doing sth.喜欢做某事 18.love/like doi ng sth 喜欢做某事 ask sb to do sth要求某人做某事 decide to do sth.决定做某事 would like to do sth 想要做某事 -enjoy to do sth -enjoy doing sth 享受做某事 二、接动词原形或者现在分词的动词 see/hear sb. do/doing sth.看见/听至U某人干过/ 在干某事 practice doing sth 练习做某事make sb do sth 使得某人做某事let sb do sth让某人做某事dislike doing sth 不喜欢做某事hate doing/to do sth 讨厌做某事keep doing sth保持一直做某事be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 spend(time)doing sth 花时间做某事mind doing sth 介意做某事need to do sth需要做某事look forward to doi ng sth 期望做某事
高中英语非谓语动词用法详解及练习(含答案详解)
非谓语动词 非谓语动词（一）——动词不定式 动词不定式、分词(现在分词，过去分词)和动名词统称为非谓语动词。现代英语将现在分词和动名词合为一大类叫作v + ing形式。这些动词的形式不能在句中单独作谓语用，因而没有语法主语。但可以有逻辑主语。由于没有语法主语，也就不受人称和数的限定，因为不是谓语，也就没有时态和语态，但这些词仍能表示动作和状态，所以仍有表示与其他动词相对时间关系的形式。由于与其它词有逻辑上的主谓关系，因此也有表示主、被动的形式，同时也有自己的宾语和状语，一起构成非谓语动词的短语(动词不定式短语，分词短语，动名词短语)。动词不定式、过去分词及v-ing形式在句中均不能作谓语用，所以叫做非谓语动词。 （一）动词不定式：动词不定式由―to+ 动词原形‖构成，如：to study, to play，动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用，但仍留着动词的特征，它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语，如：to study hard, to play table tennis。 2、动词不定式的基本用法：动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用，如： （1）作主语：To help each other is good.（动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末，如：It is good to help each other. （2）作表语：My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语，与表示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别，如：Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。（句中的谓语动词为is，动词不定式to set up… 为表语，主语为plan，但plan并不是动词不定式的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的。）We are to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学。（句中的are to set up整个结构为句中谓语，主语为we，同时也是动词不定式to set up所表示的动作的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作是由we产生的）。 （3）作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语，如：She wishes to be a musician.；②作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等，如：I am determined to give up smoking.；③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next? （4）作宾语补足语，如：Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去，如：I saw a little girl run across the street. （5）动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，须先用it作形式宾语，而将该动词不定式后置，如：I don’t think it right to do it that way. （6）作定语：动词不定式作定语时，须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后，如：Is this the best way to help him? 和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词，如：He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way，不定式后面的介词，习惯上可以省去，如：The old man is looking for a quiet place to live. （7）作状语：动词不定式可以作下列的状语：①目的状语：Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 为了强调不定式表示目的的作用，可在不定式前加in order to或so as to（以便或为了），但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可，而so as to不能位于句首，如：She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. 将表示目的的不定式置于句首，也可强调目的的作用，如：To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. ②结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。③too + 形容词或副词+ 动词不定式，表示―足能…‖的结果，如：You are old enough to take care of yourself now. 3、复合结构不定式：由for + 名词（或代词宾格）+ 动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式。其中for
动词不定式用法讲解
动词不定式用法小结 动词不定式用法小结 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to＋动词原形”，其中to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。 一. 作主语例如： To be a doctor is hard. 做医生很难。 To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。 动词不定式（短语）作主语时，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，可以用“it”作形式主语，而把真正的主语－－动词不定式（短语）放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示为： It is hard to be a doctor. It is not easy to learn English well. 再如： It’s important to plant trees in spring. 如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词for 引导的短语，称为不定式的复合结构。例： It’s good for us to read English aloud in the morning. 对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。 It is important for students to use English every day. 对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。 二. 作表语： 动词不定式（短语）作表语常用于系词be的后面。例： His work is to drive a car. 他的工作是开车。 My job is to feed animals. 我的工作是饲养动物。 Her ambition is to be a doctor. 她的理想是当医生。 三. 作宾语 动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin,start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, like, hate, love, ask等。例： I want to tell you a story. 我想给你讲个故事。 They begin to work at eight every morning. 他们每天早晨8点开始工作。 Don’t forget to lock the door. 别忘了锁门。 Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow? 明天和我们一起去野餐好吗？
高中的英语非谓语动词讲解-(整理)
非谓语动词 非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、动名词(－ing)、现在分词(－ing)与过去分词(－ed)。它们不受主语人称和数的限制，在句子中不能充当谓语，但可以充当句子的其他成分，并且有时态和语态的变化。 动词不定式
定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语。 一、不定式的意义 1. 不定式的一般式：一般式表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后。当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动式(to be done). eg: He seemed to be tired. The building to be finished next month is for our teachers. 2. 不定式的进行式：进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语的动作同时发生。 . When I went to his home, he happened to be traveling around the world. 3. 不定式的完成式：如果不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前，就用完成式；若是在此基础上的被动含义，就用完成被动式( to have been done).
. He is said to have written a novel about the Long March. He is said to have been taught French when he was a child. 4. 不定式的完成进行式：如果不定式的动作是在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行或有可能继续进行的动作，就要用完成进行式. eg: We’re happy to have been working with the experts all the month. 二、不定式的用法： 1. 不定式做主语：不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。而动名词doing 表示习惯的，经常的动作。 1)不定式作主语时,谓语用单数 To do such things is foolish. 2）主系表结构 To see is to believe. 3)it形式主语。当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，将不定式放到谓语的后面。 常用于下列结构中： (1)It is/was +adj.+(of sb.) to do…（如 good/ kind/ nice/ clever/ foolish/ selfish…） (2)It is +adj.+(for sb.)+to do…（如easy / difficult / hard / / unwise / possible/ necessary…） (3)It is +a/an +名词+ to do...（如a pity/ a shame / a pleasure /one’s duty / an honor …）
非谓语动词之动词不定式(todo)的用法
非谓语动词之动词不定式（to do）的用法 非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要形式有：不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。 “to do”动词不定式的变形 动词不定式的用法 充当主语（一般会用it 当形式主语） To swim here is dangerous. = It is dangerous to swim here. To pass this English exam is unlikely. = 充当表语（多数情况下，可以转换成动词不定式做主语） My job is to help with your English learning. To help with your English learning is my job. 充当宾语（只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不做介词的宾语；有时用“it”做形式宾语） I decided to attend this meeting last night. I find it necessary to learn a foreign language. 注意：当以下动词欲接动词作宾语时，只能跟不定式作宾语。 decide, determine, learn, wish, hope agree, plan, pretend, dare, refuse, fail prepare, try, manage, help, promise offer, beg, demand, afford, arrange, be supposed
充当宾语补足语 I persuaded him to make a speech in public. 注意：在感官动词／使役动词／help后（see, hear, watch, notice, make, have, let后不定式做宾补时，可省略“to”） I saw them have a disagreement on who should sweep the floor. （我看到了他们争论的整个过程） 但，感官动词后面也可接Ving形式，表示正在进行。 I saw them arguing about who should sweep the floor. （我看到他们正在争论谁该扫地，并不一定看到了整个过程） 充当状语（目的，原因，结果状语，其逻辑主语与句子主语一致） I wrote him a letter to further explain this matter. （目的状语） I’m sorry to bother you.（原因状语） He queued for hours at the box office only to find that the show was sold out. （结果状语，only + to find/realize/discover表示出乎意料的结果） 充当定语（不定式作定语，要放在所修饰的词的后面） I have a lot of dishes to wash. Do you have anything to say There are 3 questions to answer. 一些固定句型中不定式省略“to” had better would rather do… than do… why not do “except/but” 有“do” 无“to”，有”to”无“do” have nothing to do but do… do everything but/except have no choice but to want nothing but/except to 当两个或多个作用相同的不定式并列（and/or/than）时，通常只保留第一个不定式的“to”. He told me to stay there and wait for him. It’s easier to persuade people than force them. To try and fail is better than not to try at all. （否定式中“to”不能省略）