key to exercises for students (all units)
Unit One
Part III Key to exercises
V. Vocabulary
A.
1) triggered 2) economically 3) minimum 4)commitment 5) relieved
6) shrinking 7) enrollments 8) scarcely 9) sequence 10) stride
B.
1) A 2) D 3) B 4)C 5) B
6)A 7) C 8) A 9)C 10) D
VI. Cloze
(1) requires (2) dimensional (3) thoughtfully (4) lines (5) next
(6) summarize (7) own (8) notes (9) out (10) refuse
(11)front (12) content (13) act (14) value 15)accent
(16) distracting (17) effort (18) advantage (19) forth (20) conclusions VIII. Translation
A. Translate the following sentences into English.
1)The professor might probably the absence of under attack from the public,
who to realize the resume their studies at night school or through television and correspondence courses.
2)She didn’t like the famous writer’s lecture, but she stuck it out to get the writer’s
autograph after the lecture.
3)I was disappointed at the impersonality of the lecture system, but eventually I
grew resigned to the system and waited patiently to become a junior.
4)We ’t agree with those critics’ opinions. Your conclusions are far from worthless;
they make a good deal of sense to me.
5)For the sake of the students, they should be told on the first class about the
objective and content of the course and the requirements to pass the course.
B. Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.
听讲课存在的一个问题是：聪明地听是很难的事。阅读课本中的同一内容是更有效的学习方法，因为学生可以根据其需要慢慢阅读直到他们理解这些内容。有时甚至仅仅做到专心听讲都很难。人们可以以每分钟400-600个字的速度听，而最富有激情的教授说话的速度也很难达到这个速度的三分之一。讲话和理解之间的时间差导致开小差。很多学生认为多年来看电视已经损坏了他们保持注意力的能力。但是他们真正的问题是专心听课比他们认为的要难得多。
讲课这一方式不会完全从大学消失。一是因为讲课似乎从经济上是必需的，二是讲课起源于悠久的传统，而且人们又把传统本身看得很重。但是，讲课通常出现在学生受教育生涯的错误的那一端---出现在大学的第一和第二年，那时他们最需要密切的、甚至是个人的指导。如果讲课这一形式局限于三、四年级的学生，则对学生的兴趣和热情的破坏力会比目前的制度小得多，因为三、四年级的学生不太需要学科上的指导帮助，而且更有能力自己制定学习计划。毕竟，学生从听中去学之前必须学会去听。
Further Reading
1) C 2) D 3) A 4) D 5) B
Unit Two
Part III Key to exercises
V. Vocabulary
A.
1) studded 2) mischief 3) evoked 4) tyranny 5) (13) well
(14) touch (15) closer
(16) fewer (17) sense (18) step (19) waiting (20)imagination VIII. Translation
A. Translate the following sentences into English.
1) Every nook and corner of the region would be provided with electricity in five years. This was the pledge that the minister of electricity two years ago.
2) In order to do field work at different places，ill grace.
3) Before leaving this disordered，drug-ridden small town，one place all she was a child. The things that mattered a great deal to threaded their way through the crowded buildings, looking for an elusive gunman who effective antidote to the today enjoy a freer, more independent position than ever before, and are accordingly less and less willing to submit to the tyranny of their a prelude to a could sit inside them and ride in them down the river.
10) The fire destroyed everything in the palace. Nothing of the magnificent furniture, studded with gold and silver, 10) conservation
B.
1)A 2)C 3)D 4)B 5)D 6)A 7)C 8)B 9)B 10)D
VI. Cloze
(1)contain (2)isolation (3)different (4) only (5)major
(6)urban (7)natural (8)native (9)extensively (10)dramatic (11)extinction (12)contributed (13)numerous (14)developing (15)important (16)storing (17)maintains (18)view (19)survive (20)claim VIII. Translation
A. Translate the following sentences into English.
1) The threat to for animals in captivity and asking what they can do to the earth's atmosphere and temperature.
4) The forest fire was finally brought under control by the fire-fighting crews at a cost of nearly dollars.
5) Plant roots can position and prevent it from being washed away by the rain water.
6) Healthy ecosystems are characterized by sustainable turnovers of energy, nutrients, organic matter and water.
7) In a new report by the WWF, scientists the next 20 years.
8) Plowed fields don't against running water, and often the valuable topsoil is
carried away during was considerably quieter than it the previous two days, but there are still a good variety of birds around.
10) While estimates differ, it is generally believed that around 30%-40% of the active ingredients used in modern medicines are derived from, or related to, plants.
B. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
理由之一是, 每个物种在它所处的由所有动植物和无生命的气候、土壤、水和空气等组成的生态系统中都占有一个特殊的地位。例如, 在森林中，较高的树掉下的残枝在土壤中形成一个水份保持层，供其它植物利用。它们的根可以固定土壤，防止土壤被暴雨冲走。无论是活树还是枯树都可以为动物和鸟提供栖息地，为昆虫提供食物。枯树腐烂以后还可以肥沃森林的土壤，得以使其它植物从原处拔地而出。这样的大树就是我们所说的主要物种; 如果它们从生态系统中消失, 其后果会遍及所有居住在森林的其它物种。哈佛大学的生物学家爱德华威尔逊说："一个主要物种的消失就像钻头意外地钻断电线，导致四处断电。" 在当前第六次“大灭绝”时期, 每小时平均有三个物种灭绝，也就是每天有74个物种灭绝, 每年合计达27,000个。其中有些物种 -- 虽然我们不确定是哪些 -- 毫无疑问是主要物种。
Further reading
1)A 2)B 3)C 4)C 5)D
Unit Four
V. Vocabulary
A.
1) institutional 2) burgeoning 3) envision 4) marginal 5) encompass
6) outsource 7) prowess 8) shunned 9) assimilating 10) forgo
B.
1)B 2)C 3)A 4)D 5)A 6) B 7)D 8)C 9) C 10) A
VI. Cloze
(1) previous (2) created (3) traits (4) giving (5) include (6) to (7) face (8) when (9) waste (10) with (11) offer (12) seriously (13) fluid (14) r igid (15) play (16) initiative (17) f or (18) assure (19) s tay (20) alone VIII. Translation
A. Translate the following sentences into English.
1) Having practiced for more than 5 years, Xers are skeptical about relying on
Social Security when they retire. They began saving for retirement early compared to their predecessors.
3) All the cares and stresses of your day seem to fade away under the relaxing and comfortable treatment of foot massage.
4) Studies show that most employees place a being recognized or being
complemented for a job well done.
5) Emergency rooms are clogged with patients who come for treatment of relatively routine medical problems because they don't to a leadership role can get useful ideas from this book.
7) Most of the time when you take a short cut for completing a project you will end up doing some repair work later that will take double the time you saved by the short cut.
8) Employees who fail to set appropriate boundaries between their personal and professional lives will not be able to understand the meaning of life and work.
9) The purpose of the exercise was to train staff to react in a disciplined and professional manner when in the presence of danger.
10) Most Gen Xers , especially in the early years of their children's lives.
B. Translate the following underlined sentences into Chinese.
1) 然而，X一代人目睹了他们的父母为了职业晋升而做出的牺牲，结果却遭遇
了美国公司的大量裁员。
2) 这些不同的观点视角常常导致工作中的冲突。他们彼此都易于把对方概念化。
3) X一代人认为自己没有理由要尽职苦干，因为他们能把工作做得又好又快，
而且仍有时间来休闲和陪伴家人。
4) 有人会说唯一的解决办法是通过司法体系，因为随着婴儿潮时期的人不断变老，与年龄歧视有关的诉讼可能会增加。
5) 但是随着婴儿潮时期的人不断退休，X一代掌权，Y一代又步入社会，历史将会不断重复。
Further reading
1)A 2)B 3)D 4)A 5)C
Unit Five
Part 3 Key to exercises
V. Vocabulary
A.
1) reproduction 2) parenting 3) setback 4) compensate 5) subsidy
6) longevity 7) offset 8) avail 9) norms 10) constraints
B.
1) A 2) D. 3) B 4) C 5) A 6) A 7) B 8) D 9) C 10) C
VI. Cloze
(1) Yet (2) as (3) assets (4) of (5) wealth (6) those (7) in (8) generates (9) creators (10) true (11) bonus (12) than (13) a (14) their (15) act (16) loss (17) to (18) more (19) benefits (20) support VIII. Translation
A.
1) It is considered desirable for young people to get married and settle down only
after they are established in their jobs.
2) Her , spending a lot of time everyday in cooking, cleaning and caring for their three
school-age children.
3) Today’s young people , much less well educated women, to be full-time their twenties see cohabitation as a way to investigate a prospective partner’s character and to be associated with a the interest of child welfare, government should institute policies to provide part-time, temporary and flextime job opportunities and paid parental leave for parents.
7) With an eye toward forming strong and lasting marital unions, couples should make allowances for each other, when there is friction between them.
8) Given the extended period of time at their own perils - they will suffer severe economic loss if their marriage ends in divorce.
9) The bond between child and parent is a very special one. Money can not make up for the sacrifices parents .
10) Increasing gender equality in the work force provides women their careers.
B．
男人挣钱养家、女人生儿育女是有史以来天经地义的社会生活模式，虽然这种模式并不总如过去一个半世纪现代社会中表现得那样极端。也许除了在没有年幼儿童的成人伴侣中可以进行很多社会实验，认为核心家庭可以或者应该被完全抛弃是极其鲁莽的。当孩子成为综合考虑因素的一部分时，基本的生理和社会限制就开始发挥作用——比如母亲对幼小儿童的重要性——如果抛弃核心家庭的中心元素，社会将会承担极大的风险。与其努力同时承担男性挣钱养家和女性生儿育女的双重责任，并为自己不能达到目的而不断地感到失望和不安，不如我们更坦然地承认、考虑、并欣赏不同性别的截然不同的需求、性兴趣、价值观和目标，这样我们会做得更好。与其不分男女都追求“具有男性偏向的自由”，我们应该做更多的工作来促进一种社会文化：给予注重家庭亲情关系和养育子女的传统女性价值观更多的重视和尊重。
因此，如果要推进社会以及个人的利益，经过改良的传统婚姻性别角色是必要的。
Further Reading
1) A 2) D 3) D 4) C 5) C
Unit Six
Part 3 Key to exercises
V. Vocabulary
A. 1) deplored 2) pervades 3) requisite 4) workaholics 5)
A.
1) People are preordained to suffer many frustrations in their quest for is an ambitious nation. People from every walk of life face the pressure of fierce competition to excel.
3) Day trading is a dangerous way of trying to make a fortune.
4) Millions of people lotteries.
5) There is a fear that if the arms race gets out of will be worse off.
6) It is not sensible to give up one’s own ambition in order to shield oneself from the bitterness of failure.
7) Many people strain to earn money because money can buy big TVs and other consumer products which are considered symbols of status and identity.
8) It pays to exert ourselves to fulfill our own ambitions.
9) The cell phone, which was beyond the reach of the majority of the Chinese people
a decade ago,
Part 3 Key to Exercises
V. Vocabulary
A.
1) metaphor 2) intrusion 3) crackdown 4) lawsuit 5) subscription
6) wither 7) jurisdiction 8) nasty 9) band 10) preside
B.
1) A 2) A 3) B 4) C 5) C 6) A 7) D 8) D 9) B 10) D
VI. Cloze
(1) discovered (2) caught (3) form (4) it (5) granted (6) read (7) access (8) was (9) who (10) secretly (11) no (12) of (13) found (14) passed (15) to (16) up (17) violations (18) as (19) concluding (20) would VIII. Translation
A.
1) Americans be free of any constraints and be themselves.
2) What captures young people’s imagination is precisely the sense of freedom they get while surfing the Internet.
3) Regardless of their race, culture and socioeconomic status, everyone can find a community of like-minded people in cyberspace.
4) Virtual communities prefer to set and enforce community standards by themselves rather than by the terrestrial government.
5) Cyberspace is akin to the terrestrial world, which includes places ranging from shopping malls, school districts to red-light zones.
6) Only cyberspace communities that cater to the needs of their members will prosper.
7) With the development of telecommunications technology, the union of the world into a global village is at group on the Internet is to keep out advertisements and unrelated materials of the forum.
10) Advocates of free speech tend to jump to the conclusion that any form of
government regulation will interfere with their freedom.
B.
网络空间的特别之处在于，它把我们从必须按照大多数人制定的规则生活的
政府专制中解放出来。在民主国家中，少数派和少数人的偏好往往会遭到排挤，无论他们是少数民族和文化还是少数人拥有的个人爱好。但是在网络空间，任何大小和类别的社区都能繁荣发展；在网络空间，用户自由选择自己的社区，而不是依据地域的偶然因素将社区强加给用户。这种选择的自由赋予主持网络空间的规章制度以一种道德权威，而这种权威是陆地环境中的规章制度所不具备的。大多数人被困于自己出生的国家无法脱身。然而如果你不喜欢某个网络社区的规章，你可以退出。要么喜欢它，要么离开它。同样的，如果父母们不喜欢某个网络社区的规章，他们可以限制自己孩子与它接触。
可以预料在网络空间将会形成不受那些在地球上导致冲突的种种约束的新社区。我们不会建立一个地球村，那只是一个美好却难以实现的梦想。我们将创造另一个由许多能满足其成员的意愿同时又不妨碍他人意愿的独立自主的社区组成的世界。社区管理方式的真正市场化演变即将成为可能。在网络空间，我们将能够通过试验和改进规章制度来管理那些需要管理的——知识财产、内容和使用限制、关于隐私和言论自由的规则。有些社区将允许任何人加入，有些将只允许符合这种或那种条件的成员加入。那些能够自我维持、自我完善的社区将会昌盛起来（而且也许会壮大并分裂为一个个依据更加具体的兴趣和身份而建立的分社区）。而那些不能生存的社区——或是因为人们对它们失去了兴趣或是因为人们被吓跑了——则将渐渐萎缩并消失。
Further reading
1) D 2) B 3) A 4) D 5) D
Unit Eight
Part 3 Key to exercises
V. Vocabulary
A.
1) perpetuation 2) impoverished 3) conjured up 4) preconceptions
5) substitute 6) chary 7) toppled 8) economize
9) blurry 10) prejudge
B.
1) D 2) A 3) B 4) C 5) A 6) D 7) C 8) C 9) B 10) C
VI. Cloze
(1) unwilling (2) fair (3) perpetuates (4) unfavorable (5) wearing
(6) threatened (7) met (8 )case (9) roots (10) seen
(11)stereotypical(12) virtually (13)resorting (14) total (15) assume
(16) firsthand (17) abundant (18) portrayed ( 19) viewing (20) continue
VIII. Translation
A.
1. A lazy person is apt to get ’t make use of typecast as an executive errand boy.
4. The goal of the association is to perpetuate the skills of traditional
furniture design.
5. Stereotypes economize on our mental effort by covering up the blooming, buzzing confusion with big recognizable cutouts.
6. The true process of change is a slow one that adds bits and pieces of reality to the pictures in our some of the blurriness of life itself.
7. The famous actress said to the reporter that she was perfectly danger of losing all (3) threatens (4) perhaps (5) respectable (6) address (7) defined (8) occupation (9) which (10) Behind
(11) perfectly(12) refer (13) benefit (14) personal (15) assess
(16) commit (17) being (18) lower (19) prosecute (20) summon
VIII. Translation
A
1)Let me urge at the outset that all of us in management look at both these
words—ethics and competitiveness—with a wide angle of vision.
2)All beings are endowed with a moral sense that does not come out of nowhere
or perpetuate itself automatically.
3)Scientists first conceived the idea of the atomic bomb in the 1930s.
4)We to that great figure in is not necessary to begin at an early age.
5)To my uncle I dedicate this volume in token of affection and gratitude.
6)The time our schools from kindergarten to the twelfth grade.
7)In the final exam, people can always see those proctors paid by the university to
pad up and down the aisles to make sure that nobody is looking at crib notes or copying from a neighbor.
8)She said she would consider my proposal if nothing went wrong. I find it
inculcate ethical conduct in the future.
10.The moral order of the world transcends any single nation-state. And one cannot
be a good business leader without understanding the place of business in the greater scheme of things.
B
投资时需要慎重对待的一个问题，就是道德规范在你选择股票时应该占多大分量。人们是否应投资于生产武器的公司？或者投资于核动力、酒类、赌博、烟草类公司？这是有道德争议的“五大”领域，容易激起人们最强烈的爱憎之情，最常引发投资道德的讨论。
现实世界就是这样，如果用太细的道德过滤器去筛选，那么几乎每一个大公司和许多小公司很快都得从投资的名单中筛出去。
我倾向于容忍生活中的大部分不道德行为，在投资方面也是如此。我现在正在挑选一些国防类的股票。我至少正在关注一种核动力的股票，还看好博彩类的股票。我不想买酒类股，但如果价位有吸引力的话，我还是会买一种的。
盖普公司的问题：举个例子，派克斯世界基金，总部设在新罕不什尔州的朴次茅斯，说它只投资于那些“尊重员工，尊重环保，尊重社区”的公司。相信它是尽力这样做的，但在一个不完美的社会里，这些决策是非常困难的。
派克斯世界基金所持有的最多的股票是盖普公司的股票。周五，盖普（及其
他一些零售商）输了一场官司，他们本想驳回被指控销售美国塞班地区血汗工厂生产的衣物的诉讼案。8月，包括诺德斯道姆公司、J克鲁集团公司在内的其他四个被告同意出资125万美元设立基金来监督塞班工厂的工作条件，以此解决对方提出的索赔要求。
这都不意味着盖普是个差劲的公司，或者在塞班事件中是有罪的。但它确实说明了投资道德决策的困难。
Further reading
1)A 2)C 3)D 4)B 5)D
Unit Ten
Part 3 Key to exercises
V. Vocabulary
A.
1) lecturing 2)revered 3) intensely 4) constituencies 5)(7) recognizes (8) regardless (9)disobedience
(10)dramatize (11) morally (12) values (13) supported (14) just
(15)tolerance (16) to (17) by (18) verdicts (19) opposition (20) unjustifiable
VIII. Translation
A.
1) If no one of 4 million unemployed by the year 2008 in that rich European country now looks ) in the memory forever.
4) The wealthy country of East Asia plagued by financial problems
5) These ridiculous rules and regulations should done away with years ago.
6) Had the death penalty been a real possibility in the minds of these murderers, they might well their increase danger of recurrence.
8) Psychological research discovers that mental problems of adults largely stem from their difficult childhood.
9) Philosophers all agree that natural law property authorizes the sovereign to take life in order to vindicate justice.
10) According to Mr. Bedau, one of the most implacable foes of capital punishment in the U.S., it is false sentimentality to argue that the death penalty should be abolished because of the abstract possibility that an innocent person might be executed.
B.
1)无论你对死刑怎么看，在美国大多数州里，它都是一个法律事实。谈话中一
旦提及，往往导致激烈辩论。
2)在弗曼诉佐治亚一案中，最高法院的裁决结果是5：4。最高法院发现，当时
在许多州都施行的死刑违背了(宪法)第8修正案禁止残酷和异常惩罚的规定。
3)按照弗曼一案，州法律是不合宪的，这就给州法院带来了许多困难。为适用
于弗曼一案，州立法就得重新起草和制定死刑法规，这就给州立法带来了问题。
4)四年后，在格里格一案中，最高法院裁定，死刑惩罚本质上不属于残酷和异
常惩罚。
5)然而，法院在其正式意见中写道，考虑到它的终结性，对非杀人罪处死刑的
可能性很小。
Further reading
1)C 2)D 3)C 4)A 5)D
to与for的用法和区别
to与for的用法和区别 一般情况下, to后面常接对象; for后面表示原因与目的为多。 Thank you for helping me. Thanks to all of you. to sb.表示对某人有直接影响比如，食物对某人好或者不好就用to; for表示从意义、价值等间接角度来说，例如对某人而言是重要的，就用for. for和to这两个介词，意义丰富，用法复杂。这里仅就它们主要用法进行比较。 1. 表示各种“目的” 1. What do you study English for? 你为什么要学英语？ 2. She went to france for holiday. 她到法国度假去了。 3. These books are written for pupils. 这些书是为学生些的。 4. hope for the best, prepare for the worst. 作最好的打算，作最坏的准备。 2．对于 1．She has a liking for painting. 她爱好绘画。 2．She had a natural gift for teaching. 她对教学有天赋/ 3．表示赞成同情，用for不用to. 1. Are you for the idea or against it? 你是支持还是反对这个想法？ 2. He expresses sympathy for the common people.. 他表现了对普通老百姓的同情。 3. I felt deeply sorry for my friend who was very ill. 4 for表示因为，由于（常有较活译法） 1 Thank you for coming. 谢谢你来。 2. France is famous for its wines. 法国因酒而出名。 5．当事人对某事的主观看法，对于（某人），对…来说（多和形容词连用）用介词to，不用for.. He said that money was not important to him. 他说钱对他并不重要。 To her it was rather unusual. 对她来说这是相当不寻常的。 They are cruel to animals. 他们对动物很残忍。 6．for和fit, good, bad, useful, suitable 等形容词连用，表示适宜，适合。 Some training will make them fit for the job. 经过一段训练，他们会胜任这项工作的。 Exercises are good for health. 锻炼有益于健康。 Smoking and drinking are bad for health. 抽烟喝酒对健康有害。 You are not suited for the kind of work you are doing. 7. for表示不定式逻辑上的主语，可以用在主语、表语、状语、定语中。 1．It would be best for you to write to him. 2．The simple thing is for him to resign at once. 3．There was nowhere else for me to go. 4．He opened a door and stood aside for her to pass.
of与for的用法以及区别
of与for的用法以及区别 for 表原因、目的 of 表从属关系 介词of的用法 （1）所有关系 this is a picture of a classroom （2）部分关系 a piece of paper a cup of tea a glass of water a bottle of milk what kind of football，American of soccer？ （3）描写关系 a man of thirty 三十岁的人 a man of shanghai 上海人 （4）承受动作 the exploitation of man by man．人对人的剥削。 （5）同位关系 It was a cold spring morning in the city of London in England． （6）关于，对于 What do you think of Chinese food？ 你觉得中国食品怎么样？ 介词 for 的用法小结 1. 表示“当作、作为”。如: I like some bread and milk for breakfast. 我喜欢把面包和牛奶作为早餐。What will we have for supper? 我们晚餐吃什么?
2. 表示理由或原因,意为“因为、由于”。如: Thank you for helping me with my English. 谢谢你帮我学习英语。 Thank you for your last letter. 谢谢你上次的来信。 Thank you for teaching us so well. 感谢你如此尽心地教我们。 3. 表示动作的对象或接受者,意为“给……”、“对…… (而言)”。如: Let me pick it up for you. 让我为你捡起来。 Watching TV too much is bad for your health. 看电视太多有害于你的健康。 4. 表示时间、距离,意为“计、达”。如: I usually do the running for an hour in the morning. 我早晨通常跑步一小时。We will stay there for two days. 我们将在那里逗留两天。 5. 表示去向、目的,意为“向、往、取、买”等。如: let’s go for a walk. 我们出去散步吧。 I came here for my schoolbag.我来这儿取书包。 I paid twenty yuan for the dictionary. 我花了20元买这本词典。 6. 表示所属关系或用途,意为“为、适于……的”。如: It’s time for school. 到上学的时间了。 Here is a letter for you. 这儿有你的一封信。 7. 表示“支持、赞成”。如: Are you for this plan or against it? 你是支持还是反对这个计划? 8. 用于一些固定搭配中。如: Who are you waiting for? 你在等谁? For example, Mr Green is a kind teacher. 比如,格林先生是一位心地善良的老师。
常用介词用法(for to with of)
For的用法 1. 表示“当作、作为”。如: I like some bread and milk for breakfast. 我喜欢把面包和牛奶作为早餐。 What will we have for supper? 我们晚餐吃什么? 2. 表示理由或原因,意为“因为、由于”。如: Thank you for helping me with my English. 谢谢你帮我学习英语。 3. 表示动作的对象或接受者,意为“给……”、“对…… (而言)”。如: Let me pick it up for you. 让我为你捡起来。 Watching TV too much is bad for your health. 看电视太多有害于你的健康。 4. 表示时间、距离,意为“计、达”。如: I usually do the running for an hour in the morning. 我早晨通常跑步一小时。 We will stay there for two days. 我们将在那里逗留两天。 5. 表示去向、目的,意为“向、往、取、买”等。如: Let’s go for a walk. 我们出去散步吧。 I came here for my schoolbag.我来这儿取书包。 I paid twenty yuan for the dictionary. 我花了20元买这本词典。 6. 表示所属关系或用途,意为“为、适于……的”。如: It’s time for school. 到上学的时间了。 Here is a letter for you. 这儿有你的一封信。 7. 表示“支持、赞成”。如: Are you for this plan or against it? 你是支持还是反对这个计划? 8. 用于一些固定搭配中。如: Who are you waiting for? 你在等谁? For example, Mr Green is a kind teacher. 比如,格林先生是一位心地善良的老师。 尽管for 的用法较多，但记住常用的几个就可以了。 to的用法: 一：表示相对，针对 be strange (common, new, familiar, peculiar) to This injection will make you immune to infection. 二：表示对比，比较 1：以-ior结尾的形容词，后接介词to表示比较，如：superior ,inferior,prior,senior,junior 2: 一些本身就含有比较或比拟意思的形容词，如equal，similar，equivalent，analogous A is similar to B in many ways.
(完整版)介词for用法归纳
介词for用法归纳 用法1：(表目的)为了。如： They went out for a walk. 他们出去散步了。 What did you do that for? 你干吗这样做？ That’s what we’re here for. 这正是我们来的目的。 What’s she gone for this time? 她这次去干什么去了？ He was waiting for the bus. 他在等公共汽车。 【用法说明】在通常情况下，英语不用for doing sth 来表示目的。如： 他去那儿看他叔叔。 误：He went there for seeing his uncle. 正：He went there to see his uncle. 但是，若一个动名词已名词化，则可与for 连用表目的。如： He went there for swimming. 他去那儿游泳。(swimming 已名词化) 注意：若不是表目的，而是表原因、用途等，则其后可接动名词。(见下面的有关用法) 用法2：(表利益)为，为了。如： What can I do for you? 你想要我什么？ We study hard for our motherland. 我们为祖国努力学习。 Would you please carry this for me? 请你替我提这个东西好吗？ Do more exercise for the good of your health. 为了健康你要多运动。 【用法说明】(1) 有些后接双宾语的动词(如buy, choose, cook, fetch, find, get, order, prepare, sing, spare 等)，当双宾语易位时，通常用for 来引出间接宾语，表示间接宾语为受益者。如： She made her daughter a dress. / She made a dress for her daughter. 她为她女儿做了件连衣裙。 He cooked us some potatoes. / He cooked some potatoes for us. 他为我们煮了些土豆。 注意，类似下面这样的句子必须用for： He bought a new chair for the office. 他为办公室买了张新办公椅。 (2) 注意不要按汉语字面意思，在一些及物动词后误加介词for： 他们决定在电视上为他们的新产品打广告。 误：They decided to advertise for their new product on TV. 正：They decided to advertise their new product on TV. 注：advertise 可用作及物或不及物动词，但含义不同：advertise sth＝为卖出某物而打广告；advertise for sth＝为寻找某物而打广告。如：advertise for a job=登广告求职。由于受汉语“为”的影响，而此处误加了介词for。类似地，汉语中的“为人民服务”，说成英语是serve the people，而不是serve for the people，“为某人的死报仇”，说成英语是avenge sb’s death，而不是avenge for sb’s death，等等。用法3：(表用途)用于，用来。如： Knives are used for cutting things. 小刀是用来切东西的。 This knife is for cutting bread. 这把小刀是用于切面包的。 It’s a machine for slicing bread. 这是切面包的机器。 The doctor gave her some medicine for her cold. 医生给了她一些感冒药。 用法4：为得到，为拿到，为取得。如： He went home for his book. 他回家拿书。 He went to his friend for advice. 他去向朋友请教。 She often asked her parents for money. 她经常向父母要钱。
of和for的用法
of 1....的,属于 One of the legs of the table is broken. 桌子的一条腿坏了。 Mr.Brown is a friend of mine. 布朗先生是我的朋友。 2.用...做成的;由...制成 The house is of stone. 这房子是石建的。 3.含有...的;装有...的 4....之中的;...的成员 Of all the students in this class,Tom is the best. 在这个班级中,汤姆是最优秀的。 5.(表示同位) He came to New York at the age of ten. 他在十岁时来到纽约。 6.(表示宾格关系) He gave a lecture on the use of solar energy. 他就太阳能的利用作了一场讲演。 7.(表示主格关系) We waited for the arrival of the next bus. 我们等待下一班汽车的到来。
I have the complete works of Shakespeare. 我有莎士比亚全集。 8.来自...的;出自 He was a graduate of the University of Hawaii. 他是夏威夷大学的毕业生。 9.因为 Her son died of hepatitis. 她儿子因患肝炎而死。 10.在...方面 My aunt is hard of hearing. 我姑妈耳朵有点聋。 11.【美】(时间)在...之前 12.(表示具有某种性质) It is a matter of importance. 这是一件重要的事。 For 1.为,为了 They fought for national independence. 他们为民族独立而战。 This letter is for you. 这是你的信。
for和to区别
1.表示各种“目的”，用for （1）What do you study English for 你为什么要学英语？ （2）went to france for holiday. 她到法国度假去了。 （3）These books are written for pupils. 这些书是为学生些的。 （4）hope for the best, prepare for the worst. 作最好的打算，作最坏的准备。 2．“对于”用for （1）She has a liking for painting. 她爱好绘画。 （2）She had a natural gift for teaching. 她对教学有天赋/ 3．表示“赞成、同情”，用for （1）Are you for the idea or against it 你是支持还是反对这个想法？ （2）He expresses sympathy for the common people.. 他表现了对普通老百姓的同情。 （3）I felt deeply sorry for my friend who was very ill. 4. 表示“因为，由于”（常有较活译法），用for （1）Thank you for coming. 谢谢你来。
（2）France is famous for its wines. 法国因酒而出名。 5．当事人对某事的主观看法，“对于（某人），对…来说”，（多和形容词连用），用介词to，不用for. （1）He said that money was not important to him. 他说钱对他并不重要。 （2）To her it was rather unusual. 对她来说这是相当不寻常的。 （3）They are cruel to animals. 他们对动物很残忍。 6．和fit, good, bad, useful, suitable 等形容词连用，表示“适宜，适合”，用for。（1）Some training will make them fit for the job. 经过一段训练，他们会胜任这项工作的。 （2）Exercises are good for health. 锻炼有益于健康。 （3）Smoking and drinking are bad for health. 抽烟喝酒对健康有害。 （4）You are not suited for the kind of work you are doing. 7. 表示不定式逻辑上的主语，可以用在主语、表语、状语、定语中。 （1）It would be best for you to write to him. （2） The simple thing is for him to resign at once.
双宾语 to for的用法
1.两者都可以引出间接宾语，但要根据不同的动词分别选用介词to 或for：(1) 在give, pass, hand, lend, send, tell, bring, show, pay, read, return, write, offer, teach, throw 等之后接介词to。 如： 请把那本字典递给我。 正：Please hand me that dictionary. 正：Please hand that dictionary to me. 她去年教我们的音乐。 正：She taught us music last year. 正：She taught music to us last year. (2) 在buy, make, get, order, cook, sing, fetch, play, find, paint, choose,prepare, spare 等之后用介词for 。如： 他为我们唱了首英语歌。 正：He sang us an English song. 正：He sang an English song for us. 请帮我把钥匙找到。 正：Please find me the keys. 正：Please find the keys for me. 能耽搁你几分钟吗(即你能为我抽出几分钟吗)? 正：Can you spare me a few minutes? 正：Can you spare a few minutes for me? 注：有的动词由于搭配和含义的不同，用介词to 或for 都是可能的。如：do sb a favour＝do a favour for sb 帮某人的忙 do sb harm＝do harm to sb 对某人有害
双宾语tofor的用法
1. 两者都可以引出间接宾语，但要根据不同的动词分别选用介词to 或for： (1) 在give, pass, hand, lend, send, tell, bring, show, pay, read, return, write, offer, teach, throw 等之后接介词to。 如： 请把那本字典递给我。 正：Please hand me that dictionary. 正：Please hand that dictionary to me. 她去年教我们的音乐。 正：She taught us music last year. 正：She taught music to us last year. (2) 在buy, make, get, order, cook, sing, fetch, play, find, paint, choose,prepare, spare 等之后用介词for 。如： 他为我们唱了首英语歌。 正：He sang us an English song. 正：He sang an English song for us. 请帮我把钥匙找到。 正：Please find me the keys. 正：Please find the keys for me. 能耽搁你几分钟吗(即你能为我抽出几分钟吗)? 正：Can you spare me a few minutes? 正：Can you spare a few minutes for me? 注：有的动词由于搭配和含义的不同，用介词to 或for 都是可能的。如： do sb a favou r do a favour for sb 帮某人的忙 do sb harnn= do harm to sb 对某人有害
for和of的用法
for的用法： 1. 表示“当作、作为”。如: I like some bread and milk for breakfast. 我喜欢把面包和牛奶作为早餐。 What will we have for supper? 我们晚餐吃什么? 2. 表示理由或原因,意为“因为、由于”。如: Thank you for helping me with my English. 谢谢你帮我学习英语。 Thank you for your last letter. 谢谢你上次的来信。 Thank you for teaching us so well. 感谢你如此尽心地教我们。 3. 表示动作的对象或接受者,意为“给……”、“对…… (而言)”。如: Let me pick it up for you. 让我为你捡起来。 Watching TV too much is bad for your health. 看电视太多有害于你的健康。 4. 表示时间、距离,意为“计、达”。如:
I usually do the running for an hour in the morning. 我早晨通常跑步一小时。 We will stay there for two days. 我们将在那里逗留两天。 5. 表示去向、目的,意为“向、往、取、买”等。如: Let’s go for a walk. 我们出去散步吧。 I came here for my schoolbag.我来这儿取书包。 I paid twenty yuan for the dictionary. 我花了20元买这本词典。 6. 表示所属关系或用途,意为“为、适于……的”。如: It’s time for school. 到上学的时间了。 Here is a letter for you. 这儿有你的一封信。 7. 表示“支持、赞成”。如: Are you for this plan or against it? 你是支持还是反对这个计划? 8. 用于一些固定搭配中。如:
英语形容词和of for 的用法
加入收藏夹 主题： 介词试题It’s + 形容词 + of sb. to do sth.和It’s + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.的用法区别。 内容： It's very nice___pictures for me. A.of you to draw B.for you to draw C.for you drawing C.of you drawing 提交人：杨天若时间：1/23/2008 20:5:54 主题：for 与of 的辨别 内容：It's very nice___pictures for me. A.of you to draw B.for you to draw C.for you drawing C.of you drawing 答：选A 解析：该题考查的句型It’s + 形容词+ of sb. to do sth.和It’s +形容词+ for sb. to do sth.的用法区别。 “It’s + 形容词+ to do sth.”中常用of或for引出不定式的行为者，究竟用of sb.还是用for sb.，取决于前面的形容词。 1) 若形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的，如kind，good，nice，right，wrong，clever，careless，polite，foolish等，用of sb. 例： It’s very kind of you to help me. 你能帮我，真好。 It’s clever of you to work out the maths problem. 你真聪明，解出了这道数学题。 2) 若形容词仅仅是描述事物，不是对不定式行为者的品格进行评价，用for sb.，这类形容词有difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous，（im）possible等。例： It’s very dangerous for children to cross the busy street. 对孩子们来说，穿过繁忙的街道很危险。 It’s difficult for u s to finish the work. 对我们来说，完成这项工作很困难。 for 与of 的辨别方法： 用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for. 如： You are nice.(通顺，所以应用of)。 He is hard.(人是困难的，不通，因此应用for.) 由此可知，该题的正确答案应该为A项。 提交人：f7_liyf 时间：1/24/2008 11:18:42
to和for的用法有什么不同(一)
to和for的用法有什么不同（一） 一、引出间接宾语时的区别 两者都可以引出间接宾语，但要根据不同的动词分别选用介词to 或for，具体应注意以下三种情况： 1. 在give, pass, hand, lend, send, tell, bring, show, pay, read, return, write, offer, teach, throw 等之后接介词to。如： 请把那本字典递给我。 正：Please hand me that dictionary. 正：Please hand that dictionary to me. 她去年教我们的音乐。 正：She taught us music last year. 正：She taught music to us last year. 2. 在buy, make, get, order, cook, sing, fetch, play, find, paint, choose, prepare, spare 等之后用介词for 。如： 他为我们唱了首英语歌。 正：He sang us an English song. 正：He sang an English song for us. 请帮我把钥匙找到。 正：Please find me the keys. 正：Please find the keys for me. 能耽搁你几分钟吗(即你能为我抽出几分钟吗)? 正：Can you spare me a few minutes?
正：Can you spare a few minutes for me? 3. 有的动词由于用法和含义不同，用介词to 或for 都是可能的。如： do sb a favor＝do a favor for sb 帮某人的忙 do sb harm＝do harm to sb 对某人有害 在有的情况下，可能既不用for 也不用to，而用其他的介词。如： play sb a trick＝play a trick on sb 作弄某人 请比较： play sb some folk songs＝play some folk songs for sb 给某人演奏民歌 有时同一个动词，由于用法不同，所搭配的介词也可能不同，如leave sbsth 这一结构，若表示一般意义的为某人留下某物，则用介词for 引出间接宾语，即说leave sth for sb；若表示某人死后遗留下某物，则用介词to 引出间接宾语，即说leave sth to sb。如： Would you like to leave him a message? / Would you like to leave a message for him? 你要不要给他留个话？ Her father left her a large fortune. / Her father left a large fortune to her. 她父亲死后给她留下了一大笔财产。 二、表示目标或方向的区别 两者均可表示目标、目的地、方向等，此时也要根据不同动词分别对待。如： 1. 在come, go, walk, move, fly, ride, drive, march, return 等动词之后通常用介词to 表示目标或目的地。如： He has gone to Shanghai. 他到上海去了。 They walked to a river. 他们走到一条河边。
202X中考英语：to和for的区别与用法.doc
202X中考英语：to和for的区别与用法中考栏目我为考生们整理了“202X中考英语：to和for的区别与用法”，希望能帮到大家，想了解更多考试资讯，本网站的及时更新哦。 202X中考英语：to和for的区别与用法 to和for的区别与用法是什么 一般情况下, to后面常接对象; for后面表示原因与目的为多。 Thank you for helping me. Thanks to all of you. to sb. 表示对某人有直接影响比如，食物对某人好或者不好就用to; for 表示从意义、价值等间接角度来说，例如对某人而言是重要的，就用for. for和to这两个介词，意义丰富，用法复杂。这里仅就它们主要用法进行比较。 1. 表示各种“目的” 1. What do you study English for? 你为什么要学英语? 2. She went to france for holiday. 她到法国度假去了。 3. These books are written for pupils. 这些书是为学生些的。 4. hope for the best, prepare for the worst. 作最好的打算，作最坏的准备。
2.对于 1.She has a liking for painting. 她爱好绘画。 2.She had a natural gift for teaching. 她对教学有天赋。 3.表示赞成同情，用for不用to. 1. Are you for the idea or against it? 你是支持还是反对这个想法? 2. He expresses sympathy for the common people.. 他表现了对普通老百姓的同情。 3. I felt deeply sorry for my friend who was very ill. 4 for表示因为，由于(常有较活译法) 1.Thank you for coming. 谢谢你来。 2. France is famous for its wines. 法国因酒而出名。 5.当事人对某事的主观看法，对于(某人)，对?来说(多和形容词连用)用介词to，不用for.. He said that money was not important to him. 他说钱对他并不重要。 To her it was rather unusual. 对她来说这是相当不寻常的。 They are cruel to animals. 他们对动物很残忍。
keep的用法及of 、for sb.句型区别
keep的用法 1. 用作及物动词 ①意为"保存；保留；保持；保守"。如： Could you keep these letters for me, please? 你能替我保存这些信吗？ ②意为"遵守；维护"。如： Everyone must keep the rules. 人人必须遵守规章制度。 The teacher is keeping order in class.老师正在课堂上维持秩序。 ③意为"使……保持某种(状态、位置或动作等)"。这时要在keep的宾语后接补足语，构 成复合宾语。其中宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词和过去分词等充当。如： 例：We should keep our classroom clean and tidy.(形容词) 我们应保持教室整洁干净。 You'd better keep the child away from the fire.(副词)你最好让孩子离火远一点。 The bad weather keeps us inside the house.(介词短语)坏天气使我们不能出门。 Don't keep me waiting for long.(现在分词)别让我等太久。 The other students in the class keep their eyes closed.(过去分词) 班上其他同学都闭着眼睛。 2. 用作连系动词 构成系表结构：keep＋表语，意为"保持，继续(处于某种状态)"。其中表语可用形容词、副词、介词短语等充当。如： 例：You must look after yourself and keep healthy.(形容词) 你必须照顾好自己，保持身体健康。 Keep off the grass.(副词)请勿践踏草地。 Traffic in Britain keeps to the left.(介词短语)英国的交通是靠左边行驶的。 注意：一般情况下，keep后接形容词较为多见。再如： She knew she must keep calm.她知道她必须保持镇静。 Please keep silent in class.课堂上请保持安静。 3. ①keep doing sth. 意为"继续干某事"，表示不间断地持续干某事，keep后不 能接不定式或表示静止状态的v-ing形式，而必须接延续性的动词。 例：He kept working all day, because he wanted to finish the work on time. 他整天都在不停地工作，因为他想准时完成工作。 Keep passing the ball to each other, and you'll be OK.坚持互相传球，你们就
to of和for的区别
to , of 和for的区别 1.to有到的意思，常常和go，come，get连用引出地点。Go to school , go to the shop , go to the cinema. 常见的短语：the way to 去---的路 On one’s way to 在某人去---的路上 以上的用法中，当地点是副词home，here，there等是to 要去掉。如：get home，the way here To后跟动词原形，是不定式的标志 It is +形容词+(for/of +人+)to do sth.(括号内部分可以省略) It is easy for me to learn English. It is very kind of you to lend me your money. 当形容词表示人的行为特征时用of表示to do的性质时用for Want, hope ,decide, plan , try , fail等词后跟to do I want to join the swimming club. Would like to do I’d like to play basketball with them. It is time to have a break. Next to , close to , from ---to--- 2.for 为，表示目的。 Thank you for Buy sth for sb =buy sb sth It is time for bed. Here is a letter for you.
I will study for our country. 3.of表示所属关系意思是：---的 a map of the world a friend of mine
for和of引导的不定式结构的区别
for和of引导的不定式结构的区别 不定式是一种非谓语动词，不能单独作谓语，因此没有语法上的主语。但由于不定式表示的是动作，在意义上可以有它的主体。我们称之为逻辑主语。 提起不定式逻辑主语，人们首先想到的会是“for+名词（宾格代词）+不定式”的复合结构。如：It is important for us to study English well．然而，有时不定式的逻辑主语须要用“of+名词（代词宾格）”才行。例如：It is kind of you to help me．而不能说：It is kind for you to help me．在选择介词“for”还是“of”时，人们往往总是凭感觉而定。有时受习惯影响，多选介词“for”。于是常出现这样的错误：It was careless for him to lose his way．It is cruel for you to do so．由于众多语法书对这种结构中使用“for”与“of”的区别介绍甚少，一些人对其概念认识尚不完全清楚，笔者认为有必要就这一问题作些探讨与介绍。 一、在句中的语法作用不同 a．不定式for结构在句中可以作主、宾、表、定、状、同位语： 1．It is easy for Tom to do this work．（主语）汤姆做此工作是容易的。 2．I'd like for him to come here．（宾语）我喜欢他来这里。 3．His idea is for us to travel in two different groups．（表语）他的想法是：我们分成两组旅行。 4．Have you heard about the plan for you to go abroad．（定语）你听到让你出国的计划吗？ 5．The word is too difficult for him to pronounce well．（状语）这单词太难，他念不准。 6．In the most schools，it is the custom for the headmaster to declare the newterm start．在大部分学校，校长宣布新学期开始是一个习惯。 b．不定式of结构只能在句中作主语。 1．It was careless of him to leave his umbrella in the train．他把伞丢在火车上真是太粗心了。 2．It is awfully good of you to come to see me off at the station．谢谢你来车站送我。 二、逻辑主语的名词有所不同
of和for的用法
for 表原因、目的 of 表从属关系 介词of的用法 （1）所有关系 this is a picture of a classroom （2）部分关系 a piece of paper a cup of tea a glass of water a bottle of milk what kind of football，american of soccer？ （3）描写关系 a man of thirty 三十岁的人 a man of shanghai 上海人 （4）承受动作 the exploitation of man by man．人对人的剥削。 （5）同位关系 it was a cold spring morning in the city of london in england． （6）关于，对于 what do you think of chinese food？ 你觉得中国食品怎么样？ 介词for 的用法小结 1. 表示“当作、作为”。如: i like some bread and milk for breakfast. 我喜欢把面包和牛奶作为早餐。what will we have for supper? 我们晚餐吃什么? 2. 表示理由或原因,意为“因为、由于”。如: thank you for helping me with my english. 谢谢你帮我学习英语。 thank you for your last letter. 谢谢你上次的来信。 thank you for teaching us so well. 感谢你如此尽心地教我们。 3. 表示动作的对象或接受者,意为“给……”、“对…… (而言)”。如:
介词for和to用法完全归纳
介词for用法完全归纳 ？ 本站特约作者陈根花 ？ 用法1：(表目的)为了。如： They went out for a walk. 他们出去散步了。 What did you do that for 你干吗这样做？ That’s what we’re here for. 这正是我们来的目的。 What’s she gone for this time 她这次去干什么去了？ He was waiting for the bus. 他在等公共汽车。 【用法说明】在通常情况下，英语不用 for doing sth 来表示目的。如： 他去那儿看他叔叔。 误：He went there for seeing his uncle. 正：He went there to see his uncle. 但是，若一个动名词已名词化，则可与 for 连用表目的。如： He went there for swimming. 他去那儿游泳。(swimming 已名词化) 注意：若不是表目的，而是表原因、用途等，则其后可接动名词。(见下面的有关用法) 用法2：(表利益)为，为了。如： What can I do for you 你想要我什么？ We study hard for our motherland. 我们为祖国努力学习。 Would you please carry this for me 请你替我提这个东西好吗？ Do more exercise for the good of your health. 为了健康你要多运动。【用法说明】(1) 有些后接双宾语的动词(如 buy, choose, cook, fetch, find, get, order, prepare, sing, spare 等)，当双宾语易位时，通常用 for 来引出间接宾语，表示间接宾语为受益者。如： She made her daughter a dress. / She made a dress for her daughter. 她为她女儿做了件连衣裙。 He cooked us some potatoes. / He cooked some potatoes for us. 他为我们煮了些土豆。 注意，类似下面这样的句子必须用 for： He bought a new chair for the office. 他为办公室买了张新办公椅。 (2) 注意不要按汉语字面意思，在一些及物动词后误加介词 for： 他们决定在电视上为他们的新产品打广告。 误：They decided toadvertise for their new product on TV. 正：They decided to advertise their new product on TV. 注：advertise 可用作及物或不及物动词，但含义不同：advertise sth＝为卖出某物而打广告；advertise for sth＝为寻找某物而打广告。如：advertise for a job=登广告求职。由于受汉语“为”的影响，而此处误加了介词 for。类似地，汉语中的“为人民服务”，说成英语是 serve the people，而不是 serve for the people，“为某人的死报仇”，说成英语是avenge sb’s death，而不是 avenge for sb’s death，等等。