吉林省吉林市吉林商业大厦重大火灾案例分析

吉林省吉林市吉林商业大厦重大火灾案例分析

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吉林省吉林市吉林商业大厦重大火灾案例分析一、起火场所基本情况

吉林商业大厦位于吉林市船营区珲春街与河南街交汇处，1987年经消防审核合格后开工建设，1990年经消防验收合格后投入使用，并于1993年、1995年两次扩建。大厦共有业户64家，其中个体工商户57家，具有法人资质的企业7家，日常管理由商业大厦负责。该大厦东侧为商业区、西侧为影院、南侧为居民楼、北侧为联通大厦。吉林商业大厦建筑高度为23.9m，长121.5m，宽99m，为“L”型建筑，总建筑面积42000㎡，共5层，每层分3个经营区，主要经营家电、服装、鞋帽、家具等。其中1楼2区摊位出租经营服装百货。

二、起火简要经过及初期火灾处置情况

2010年11月5日9时17分32秒，吉林市公安消防支队调度指挥中心接到群众报警，称吉林商业大厦一楼服装区发生火灾。接到报警后，支队调度指挥中心共调出市区11个公安消防中队的53台消防车、310名指战员，吉林吉化公司消防支队的18台消防车、66名指战员和相关社会联动应急救援力量，并及时向吉林省公安消防总队指挥中心报告。总队接到报告后，全勤指挥部人员立即赶赴现场，同时调动邻近的长春市公安消防支队100部空气呼吸器和100个备用气瓶以及9台消防车，45名指战

员进行跨区域增援。经过12个小时的英勇奋战，大火于17时30分被控制，于21时30分被扑灭。在此次火灾扑救中，公安消防部队共营救被困人员91人，有效保护了商厦一区的一、二、三层的全部和四、五层的局部，商厦二区和三区的一层门市、三层鞋城和五层健身房，保护建筑面积26000㎡，保护商厦内商品价值6000余万元。

三、火灾伤亡及损失情况

此次火灾共造成19人死亡，24人受伤，火灾烧毁商场内部分日用百货商品，火灾过火面积15830㎡，直接财产损失1560万元。

四、火灾成因分析及主要教训

火灾发生后，吉林省公安消防总队组织火灾事故调查。共抽调公安消防、刑侦人员32人组成调查组。公安部火灾事故调查专家也到现场指导调查工作。调查组对69人进行了调查询问，制作询问笔录160份。

经现场勘验、调查访问和对火灾痕迹物证的鉴定，调查组综合分析认定这起火灾的起火原因系吉林商业大厦一层二区精品店仓库顶部的电气线路短路所致。

（二）主要教训。

1、报警晚，贻误了灭火和楼内人员自救逃生的最佳时机。这次火灾发生后，在场人员没有及时向消防部门报警，而是在使用灭火器自行扑救后才向公安消防部门报火警，报警延误9min左右。消防队到场时，火灾已进入猛烈燃烧阶段，并已向上迅速蔓延。

2、火灾发生后，电工关闭全部电源（含消防电源），导致消防设施启动后又停止动作。当电工得知商厦起火后，立即将商厦的总电源开关关闭，未按正常操作程序保留消防电源，导致消防设施无法运行，特别是各防火分区的防火卷帘都只运行了一半就因断电停止动作，未起到防火分隔作用，导致烟、火蔓延到其它防火分区，造成人员伤亡。

3、消防控制室人员未按消防控制室应急程序处置火灾事故。消防控制室人员发现火灾报警信号后，室内2名控制室人员、2名保卫干部全部到起火点处扑救火灾，未按应急程序操作消防设备，也未通知其它楼层人员疏散，等到火势无法控制时，控制室人员才返回控制室操作消防设备，通知人员疏散，后因停电设备无法运行，导致火势蔓延扩大，人员也未及时得到疏散通知。

4、单位员工和群众逃生自救意识差。此次火灾死亡的19人中，有16人是单位员工，3人为顾客。据了解，火灾发生后有的员工已经疏散出来，

但为了抢救自己的财产，又重新返回商厦，结果失去逃生机会。还有2人在没有受到火灾直接威胁的情况下跳楼逃生，导致死亡。

5、建筑外墙被封堵导致灭火困难。整体建筑大部分用实体墙和铝塑板封堵，加之防排烟设施因人为断电停用，导致高温烟气无法排出，严重影响灭火救援工作，也导致了大量人员短时间内因吸入高温烟气窒息死亡。

6、起火部位处于扶梯附近，发生火灾后产生烟囱效应，致使火灾蔓延迅速。

五、火灾责任及处理情况

经人民法院审理，以“重大责任事故罪”做出一审判决：商厦原总经理、分管副经理2人、变电所科长、保卫科长及2名电工，共7名被告人，被分别判处3年至4年零6个月不等的有期徒刑。

六、违反消防法规及标准情况

(一)起火部位自动喷水灭火系统未发挥应有作用。火灾发生时，一层二区起火部位上方自动喷水灭火系统管网进水阀门关闭，致使火灾发生后消防设施未能发挥应有作用，未能在第一时间扑灭和控制火灾。

（二）电工误操作导致自动消防设施“瘫痪”。火灾发生时，建筑自动消防设施已经正常启动，但由于单位电工在发现火灾时，将消防电源在内的所有电源全部切断，导致建筑消防设施未能发挥作用。

（三）单位消防责任制不落实。经调查，商厦管理部门重效益、轻安全，没有根据实际制定消防安全管理制度，消防管理混乱，无人组织防火巡查，无人落实安全隐患的整改，无人对员工进行必要的消防安全培训，消防安全管理工作处于无人管理、无人负责的情况。

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吉林市工业百强企业名单 序号法人单位名称 1 中国石油股份有限公司吉林石化分公司 2 吉化集团公司 3 吉林化纤集团有限责任公司 4 吉林市建龙钢铁有限责任公司 5 吉林铁合金有限责任公司 6 中国第一汽车集团公司吉林轻型车厂 7 吉林燃料乙醇有限公司 8 吉林炭素集团有限责任公司 9 吉林龙华热电股份有限公司龙潭热电厂 10 吉林吉恩镍业股份有限公司 11 通化钢铁集团磐石无缝钢管有限责任公司 12 吉林市经纬钢铁制造有限公司 13 吉林市九鑫日用化学品有限公司 14 白山发电厂 15 吉林华星电子集团有限公司 16 吉林江北制造有限责任公司 17 吉林华岐制管有限公司 18 丰满发电厂 19 吉化集团锦江油化厂 20 吉林新力热电有限公司 21 吉林热电厂 22 吉林亚泰明城水泥有限公司 23 华润雪花啤酒（吉林）有限公司 24 吉林省昊宇石化电力设备制造有限公司 25 冀东水泥吉林有限责任公司26 吉林森林工业股份有限公司红石林业分公司 27 吉林绰丰柳机内燃机有限公司 28 桦甸市建龙矿业有限责任公司 29 吉林永大集团有限公司 30 中国航空工业第一集团公司第5704厂 31 吉林市原进筑路机械有限责任公司 32 吉林镍业集团大黑山钼业有限公司 33 冀东水泥磐石有限责任公司 34 吉林市富康木业有限公司 35 吉林市东关热电厂 36 吉林远东药业集团股份有限公司 37 吉林省龙达铁合金有限责任公司 38 巴斯夫吉化新戊二醇有限公司 39 吉化集团公司水泥厂 40 桦甸市黄金有限责任公司 41 吉林省白石山林业局42 舒兰矿务局 43 吉林龙鼎电气股份有限公司 44 吉化集团吉林市星工贸有限公司 45 吉林龙山有机硅有限公司 46 吉林科龙电器有限公司 47 吉林水工机械有限公司 48 吉林市娃哈哈饮料有限公司 49 吉林省夹皮沟黄金矿业有限责任公司 50 吉林省舒兰合成药业股份有限公司 51 吉林市松泰化工有限责任公司 52 吉林娃哈哈食品有限公司 53 吉化集团吉林市龙山化工厂 54 吉林市伊利食品有限责任公司 55 吉林娃哈哈莲花山食品有限公司 56 吉林市锦华石油化工有限公司 57 舒兰市纺织实业有限公司 58 正大永吉实业有限公司 59 吉林中信化工有限公司 60 吉林沱牌农产品开发有限公司 61 吉林北方铁合金联营公司 62 吉林大龙饲料有限公司 63 桦甸市隆兴铁矿 64 吉林济源汽车部件有限公司

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A Exhibitions in the British Museum Hokusai: beyond the Great Wave Katsushika Hokusai (1760-1849) is widely regarded as one of Japan's most famous and influential artists.He produced works of astonishing quality right up until his death at the age of 90.This new exhibition will lead you on an artistic journey through the last 30 years of Hokusai's life—a time when he produced some of his most memorable masterpieces. 25 May—13 August 2017 Room 35 Adults￡12,Members/under 16s free Places of the mind: British watercolour landscapes 1850-1950 Drawn from the British Museum's rich collection,this is the first exhibition devoted to landscape drawings and watercolours by British artists in the Victorian and modern eras—two halves of very different centuries. 23 February—27 August 2017 Room 90 Free,just drop in Scythians: warriors of ancient Siberia This major exhibition explores the story of the Scythians—nomadic tribes and masters of mounted warfare,who flourished between 900 and 200 BC.Their encounters with the Greeks,Assyrians and Persians were written into history but for centuries all trace of their culture was lost—buried beneath the ice. 14 September 2017—14 January 2018