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五大基本句型讲解及习题

五大基本句型讲解及习题
五大基本句型讲解及习题

五大基本句型讲解及习题 Prepared on 22 November 2020

简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下:

S十V主谓结构

S十V十P主系表结构

S十V十O主谓宾结构

S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构

S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构

说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C =宾语补足语

这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,这些动词常见的有:run, study, arrive, come, happen,等。如:

1). Time flies. (S+Vi)

2). Students study hard. (S+Vi+adv)

3). He went on holiday. (S+Vi+Prep phrase)

4) We stoped to have a rest. (S+Vi+to do sth)

练习:

1. 冬天快要来了。

2. 他高兴地离开了。

3. 他们会在三点钟到

4. 我们明天一起去钓鱼。

5. 昨天他们去逛街。

6. 他起得早是为了读英语。

除了be系动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词:

表感官的动词: feel, smell, taste, sound, look, 等

表变化的动词:become, get, grow, turn, go, fall, run, come等

表延续的动词:remain, keep, stay, stand, continue, lie等

表表象的动词:seem, appear, look 等

表终止的动词:prove, turn out等

1)He is a good boy. (S+Lv+N/Pron)

2)She is beautiful. (S+Lv+adj)

3)Class is over. (S+Lv+adv)

4)The film is interesting. (S+LV+Participle)

练习:

1.桌子上的那本书是我的。

2.阅读很有用。

3. 那个女孩还在办公室。

4. 那场篮球赛令人兴奋。

5. 昨晚你在家吗

这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时,句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是:名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如:

1)I like music. / I like her. (S+Vt+N/Pron)

2)I want to help him. (S+Vt+Infinitive)

3)I don’t know what to do. (S+Vt+疑问词+Infinitive)

4)He practices speaking English everyday. (S+Vt+Gerund)

练习:

1. 我们已收到了他们的来信。

2. 他爸爸期待拥有一家工厂。

3. 我想知道什么时候出发。

4. 他每天都练习说英语。

O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语

这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”,直接宾语常常指“物”。如:

1) I sent him a book. / I bought him a book. (S + Vt +N/Porn (间宾) + N (直宾))

2) I sent a book to him. / He bought a coat for me. (S + Vt +N (直宾) + to/ for +N /Porn (间宾))

间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有:allow, bring, deny, do (带来), give,grant,hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell, wish, write等。

3) Can you spare/ save some minutes/ time for the children

间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有:buy,cash,choose,fetch,get,leave,make,order,paint,play(演奏),save,sing,spare等。

1.我父亲给我姐姐带来了一台PC。

2.陈老师叫我们语文。

3.他从来都不把他的小车借给别人。

4.我将为你挑一份精美的礼物。

5.我会为你给房间上油漆。

这种句型中的宾语+补语可统称为“复合宾语”, 作补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介

词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如:

1) He paints the wall white. (S+Vt+N/Pron+adj)

2)We named our baby Tom. (S+Vt+N/Pron+N)

3)She always keeps everything in good order. (S+Vt+N/Pron+Prep phrase)

4)The teacher asked him to leave./ I made hime to leave. (S+Vt+N/Pron+Infinitive)

5)I feel something moving. (S+Vt+N/Pron+Participle)

6)He showed me how to do it. (S+Vt+N/Pron+Wh-word+Infinitive)

注意:动词have, make, let,后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时,不带to;动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch等后可以加不带to的不定式或动名词做宾补,如:

The boss made him do the work all day.

练习:

1.我们选她做班长。

2. 我们认为这项工作很容易。

3. 请不要客气(就像在家一样)。

4. 老师鼓励我们每天锻炼身体。

5. 刚才我看见孩子们正在河边玩。

1. Sheisaverygoodgirl . (___________)

2. Thegirlisvery good.(___________)

3. They ‖ laughed.(___________)

4. The kites‖ flyin the sky.(___________)

5. I‖ boughta new bike.(___________)

6. He ‖playsvolleyball.(___________)

7. She ‖toldmea story.(___________)

8. He‖ gavemea good book. (___________)

‖ askedmeto help him.(___________)

‖mademehappy.(___________)

tell us a story.(___________)

smiled.(___________)

13. I have a lot work to do.(___________)

14. His job is to train swimmers.(___________)

15. He noticed a man enter the room.(___________)

16. Please look at the picture.(___________)

二、中考题回顾

1. (2010山东省潍坊市20. 1)The cookies_______good .Could I have some more

A. taste

B. smell

C. feel

D. sound

2. (2010.浙江18. 1) - Shall we go for a picnic in the park this Saturday- Oh, that ___ good.

A. feels

B. looks.

C. tastes

D. Sounds

3.(2012天津)The clothvery soft and comfortable.

A. tastes

B. sounds

C. smells

D. feels

4. (2010.江苏省无锡市.9. 1)Though his grandmother lives ______,she never feels________.

A. alone; alone

B. lonely; lonely

C. alone; lonely.

D. lonely; alone

5. (2010江苏省宿迁市9. 1)This piece of music _______ beautiful.

A. looks

B. sounds

C. tastes. .

D. smells

6. (2012·湖北省黄冈市,33)-Which T-shirt do you prefer

--The red one .It______more comfortable.

A. tastes

B. smells

C. feels

D. sounds

7. (2010·广西省梧州市,39)Song Zuying's voice is very sweet and her songs_____very beautiful.

A. taste

B. sound

C. smell

D. feel

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