高考英语语法填空之教学策略

全国卷高考英语之语法填空教学策略

安徽省界首第一中学陈宏

【摘要】2016年安徽省高考将使用全国卷，其中高考英语试卷题型中之语法填

空对安徽考生来说是一个全新的题型，它秉承了“突出语篇，强调运用”的命题思路。面对这一新形势，作为安徽省一线英语教师，在课堂教学方面必须要做出调整，以期在日常教学中，结合所学内容来提高学生对这一题型的解题能力。

【关键词】高考英语语法填空教学策略

2016年安徽省高考将使用全国卷，与安徽卷相比，全国卷英语试卷新增三个新题型：七选五、语法填空、改错题。今天笔者就语法填空这一题型，谈谈在日常教学中作为英语教师，如何结合所学内容来提高学生对这一题型的解题能力。仅为个人体会，权作抛砖引玉。

一、知己知彼，有的放矢

高考英语语法填空对安徽考生来说是一个全新题型，但实际上它首次闪亮登场是在2014年的全国高考英语试卷上。那么它有哪些与众不同的特征呢？

笔者认为它有以下几个方面的特征：

关键词1.200词左右的语篇（一篇短文或对话）；

关键词2.文中挖出10处空白；

关键词3.含有提示词的空白所填写词语不得超过三个；

关键词4.不含有提示词的空白所填写词语一般一个；

关键词 5.考点主要包括动词时态、语态、非谓语动词、情态动词、名词、形容词、副词、连词、冠词、代词、介词、复合句（定语从句，状语从句，主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句）以及并列句的连接词和构词法（词类转换）等。

二、结合考点，巧妙设题

历年的高考从来都是教学的风向标，从这一题型的考点来看，几乎囊括所有中学英语语法内容。那么平时教学中不妨以以下几种方式让学生去适应它。

⒈单选变填空

平时有意识的收集一些经典的单项选择题或从历年高考试题，按照不同考点分类整合一些单选试题，然后再进行改编供课堂教学使用。例如

①I didn’t think I’d like the movie, but actually it ____ pretty good.

A. has been

B. was

C. had been

D. would be

变成：I didn’t think I’d like the movie, but actually it ____ （be）pretty good.

②The room is empty except for a bookshelf ____in the corner.

A. standing

B. to stand

C. stands

D. stood

变成：The room is empty except for a bookshelf ____（stand）in the corner.

③It was ___ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across

____nightsky.

A. 不填，a

B. a , the

C. the, a

D. the,不填

变成：It was ___ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across ____nightsky.

⒉例句巧设空

讲解课文重点短语或语言点时，当给学生举例句时，可以整合成填空题。例如：在讲解consist这个词的用法时我们就可以这样举例:

①The United Kingdom ___ (consist) of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

②My father is a man with ___ (consist) habit.

③It is a band____ (consist) of 12 beautiful and talent girls playing China's ancient musical instruments.

⒊课文深挖空

学过的课文，教师可以有选择性的把经典段落，改编成一篇语法填空题。例如：人教版必修一第一单元第一篇课文第一二段就可以这样改变，把重点词挖成空让学生练习。

Anne’s Best Friend

Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, ____ your deepest feelings and thoughts? ____ are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand____ you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, ____ she made her diary her best friend.

Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War Ⅱ. Her family was ____ (Jew),so nearly twenty-five months before they were ____ (discover). During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said, “I don’t want to set down a series of____ (fact) in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.” Now read how she felt after being in the ____ (hide) place since July 1942.

三、总结规律，百战不殆

根据命题特点，把握解题规律，进行恰当的适应性训练有助于增强学生应对此题型的能力。

⒈没有提示的情况下，一般空内要填写:连词，冠词，介词，代词四

种情况

规律1：名词前面，若没有限定词，则1）考冠词a/an/the; 2) 考some, any, other, another.

China has ___ population of 1.3 billion.

由短语a population of …判断出a。

规律2：句子不缺主语，宾语，和表语的时候，名词或代词的前面一定填介词。(通常为固定短语）

An increasing interest ___ reading among children is a good thing.

由短语be interested in…判断出in。

规律3：若两句（一个主谓关系算一个句子）之间没有词连接起来，则一定填连词。

The village has eight drinking wells, six of_______ hold water that is unsafe to drink. 由非限制性定语从句可判断出（连词which）。

规律4：若句子缺主语或宾语一定填代词

Help ___ to some sweets , please.

固定短语h elp oneself to…判断出yourself

⒉有提示词的情况下，一般考查所给词的词形变化形式

规律5：若句子的句子意思已经完整，若提示词是形容词则变副词形式作状语或变成比较级和最高级形式；

①考查形容词和副词转换

There must be something _________ (serious) wrong with our environment

②考查形容词和副词比较级和最高级：

In my opinion, time is even ____ （precious）than money.

由than 暗示得出。

I am exhausted. I don’t think I can go any_________ (far)

由语境exhausted,及副词far前的any判断出是比较级。

规律6：若提示词是动词，①在句中作谓语，则此时要考虑时态和语态；②在句中不作谓语，那么此时一是考查非谓语形式二是考查词类转换。

①考查时态

We ________(learn) 5000 words by the end of last term.

②考查语态

We ______ (delay) because of the traffic jam.

③考查非谓语动词

A new _____( swim) pool will be built in our district.

He sat there alone, ______ (think) of something.

The Japanese government then sent a telegram to its ambassador in Washington, ___ ( ask)him to inform the United States of the attack.

此句谓语是sent,提示词动词ask按照功能在句中做状语，就应变成非谓语形式.

④考查词类转换

Computers has been playing an ___( increase)important role in our daily life.

此句谓语是has been playing,提示词动词increase按照功能在句中应是副词修饰形容词important，此时考查词类转换则要根据构词法变成副词increasingly形式.

四、转变态度，培养语感

语法填空题型的横空问世，实际上秉承了“突出语篇，强调运用”的命题思路。面对这一新形势，作为一线英语教师，在课堂教学方面必须要做出调整。笔者认为：

首先要转变教学态度。一是要敦促学生加强听、说、读、写综合能力的发展；二要多给学生创造进行语言交际的机会，将学生学习英语的关注点转移到语言的实际运用上来。

其次培养学生语感，形成英语思维。在上课时,应遵循“尽量使用英语,适当使用母语”的原则。教英语就得用英语教,只有加强英语实践,创设英语的语境氛围,多使用英语,让学生大量接触和体验英语,并沉浸在使用英语的情景中,才能有效地排除母语的干扰,形成英语思维。指导学生去听、读、模仿发音、朗诵、背诵无疑是一个很好的做法。选材可以是课文,还可以是一些经典名著、名人名篇(如名人、美国总统、伟人的演讲词等)。总之尽可能阅读多种多样的题材和体裁,尽可能涵盖英语国家文化所有领域的各种文章。

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