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翻译概论期末复习题 Microsoft Office Word 文档

翻译概论期末复习题 Microsoft Office Word 文档
翻译概论期末复习题 Microsoft Office Word 文档

期末复习题《翻译概论》

一、请将对应的翻译理论与对应的翻译理论家划线连接起来。

(E)1 异化理论 A 威密尔(Hans. J. Vermeer)(D)2动态对等及功能对等理论B诺德(Christiane Nord)(A)3翻译目的论 C 支谦

(F)4宁信而不顺D奈达(Eugene A. Nida)(C)5弃文存质E韦努蒂(Lawrence Venuti)(B)6功能+忠诚F鲁迅

(J)7音美、形美、意美G道安

(I)8既需求真,又须喻俗H安世高

(H)9贵本不饰I玄奘

(G)10案本而传J许渊冲

(K)11信达雅K严复

(L)12重神似不重形似L傅雷

二、根据所学内容将合适的词填写在空白处:

1.从表面上看,翻译是两种语言之间的__________, 但在深层次上,翻译传递的是__________。(转换,文化信息)

从语言和文化的关系来看,语言是文化的__________, 直接反映文化的现实和内涵。(镜子)

2.在我国,传统翻译理论一直有着浓厚的__________色彩,从古代佛经翻译家鸠摩罗什的“嚼饭与人”,到严复的“信达雅”,再到傅雷的“__________”和钱钟书的“__________”,无不折射出我国传统翻译理论重经验、重感悟、重艺术传达的特性。(、传神论、化境)

3. 发挥译者的创造性有一个度的问题,并不是__________发挥和__________发

挥,而是基于对原作者负责、对读者负责、对__________负责的态度。(随意、自由、艺术)P76

4. 非文学翻译包括_________文体的翻译、_________文体的翻译、_________文体的翻译。(应用、科技、新闻)P99

5. 英语名词和介词使用较多,而汉语中则是_________使用较多。即相对于汉语而言,英语倾向于_________描写,而相对于英语而言,汉语则多使用_________描写。(动词、静态、动态)P39

6. 直译和意译作为两种最基本的翻译方法,适用于不同的翻译目的、_________-______、

_______________和_______________,因而各有其优势和价值。(读者类型、文本性质、作者意图)P162

7. 从功能上翻译等值分为三大层次:_________等值、_________等值和_________等值。(语言、文化、艺术)P170

8. 口译员的特殊素质包括出众的记忆力和较强的_______________,良好的听辨

能力和敏捷的_______________,良好的_______________和身体素质。(笔记技

能、应变能力、心理素质)P61

9.翻译是一种文化传播的__________, 在国与国之间、原语文化与译入语文化之间起着

__________ 和__________ 作用。(工具、桥梁、纽带)

10.本书作者认为可以将翻译标准主要归纳为三个方面:以__________为中心的翻译标准、(文本为中心、以人为中心、以翻译目的为导向)

11. 直译和意译作为两种最基本的翻译方法,适用于不同的翻译目的、_________-______、

_______________和_______________,因而各有其优势和价值。

12. 从功能上翻译等值分为三大层次:_________等值、_________等值和_________等值。

13. 口译员的特殊素质包括出众的记忆力和较强的_______________,良好的听

辨能力和敏捷的_______________,良好的_______________和身体素质。

14. 一般来讲,译员的知识储备可以包括扎实的双语语言__________, 丰富的双

语文化知识,足够的__________知识, 扎实的翻译理论,一定的__________知识。(基本功、杂学、专业)P51

15. 发挥译者的创造性有一个度的问题,并不是__________发挥和__________发

挥,而是基于对原作者负责、对读者负责、对__________负责的态度。

16. 机器翻译有_________系统,一是基于_________,另一是基于_________。(两套、规则的、语料库的)P118

三、判断下列说法的对错:正确的在每小题题号前面写T,错误的写F。

(F)1.翻译是一种语言上的机械对应活动,根本谈不上有什么创意。

(F)2. 翻译是“一种艺术,一种需要译者像画家、表演家那样具有高超创作才能的艺术”。

(T)3. 在翻译的过程中,原语文本在离开自己的文化母体而进入一个新的文化语境之后,其本身具有的“异质性”必然会有所丧失或变异。P33

(F)4. 道安的“五失本,三不易”的翻译原则是从另一侧面论证了“对等”的翻

译思想。(求似的翻译思想)(P178)

(T)5. 口译笔记具有“整理性”、“现场性”和“私用性”的思维特点,可以通过科学训练得到提高。(P62)

(F)6. 翻译方法和翻译策略跟译文的预期目的或功能无关。

7. 古今中外的翻译标准都是行之有效的标准,但都属于翻译标准的个性表现。

(F)8. 近代的周作人、鲁迅、茅盾主张意译。(鲁迅是直译)

(T)9. 所谓理解,不一定是指结构复杂的长句或内容深奥的专业,有时一些极简单的句子,一些极寻常的字眼,也涉及理解。P141

(F)10.应用文体的翻译译者不必顾忌文章格式、体例等方面译文和原文的一致性。

P100

(T)11.对于翻译工作者来说,翻译标准是一个非常重要的问题,是翻译界的“根本大法”。P16

(F)12. 翻译是一门涉及语符转换、意义传递的技巧或技艺,译者不需要具备创造能力。

(T)13. 口译是一项极为复杂而繁琐的思维活动,具有“现场性、及时性和时限性”的特点。

(F)14. 翻译是受限制的,而原著作者的创作却不受什么影响。

(F)15. 不同语言系统的差异根源在于文化间的不同。P36 思维模式方面的差异(T)16. 鲁迅的翻译原则是“宁信而不顺”。

(F)17. 应用文体的翻译在语言方面除了要求准确明晰,规范以外,还要求华美优雅。P99

(T)18. 表达不仅是理解的结果,而且是理解的深化。P146

四、名词解释

1.翻译的文化渗透

在一部作品从一种文字另一种文字的过程中,原语文字中承载的文化信息也随之进入了译入语的文化系统,这就是翻译中的文化渗透。

2.形合和意合

形合指句子内部的连接采用句法手段或词汇手段。意合指句子内部的连接或句子间的连接采用语义手段。形合的语言模式反映了西方重形式逻辑、重实证的思维模式;意合的语言模式反映了汉民族重内省和体悟、表达简约、意义模糊的思维模式。

3.归化和异化

归化和异化指两种截然相反的翻译策略:前者向译入语和读者靠拢,尽可能地适应译入语的语言文化规范,以透明、流畅的译文风格最大限度地淡化原语文本的陌生感,满足译入语读者的审美接受心理;后者则向原语作者靠拢,尽量保留原文的语言文化特色,打破译入语的表达规范,从而给译入语读者造成一种陌生感。

4. 编译

所谓编译就是在译出原文的基础上,对译文再进行编辑加工的一种处理方式。编译既可以重新安排原文的叙述顺序,也可以调整原文论证说理的结构,但是一般而言,原文的论点和论述角度是不能改动的。

5.文化

文化从广义上来讲,指人类社会实践过程中所创造的物质财富和精神财富的总和。从狭义来说,指社会的意识形态,以及与之相适应的文化。

6.摘译

摘取原文的部分内容进行翻译的方式,就是摘译。

7.直译

所谓直译是在译入语语法能力所允许的范围内,尽可能贴近原文内容与形式的翻译方法。

8.交际翻译

交际翻译,即企图将原语文本的语境意义以其思想内容和语言形式都容易为译入语读者所接受和理解的方式准确地传递出来。

五、论述题

1. 简述译者在翻译的过程中“失”在何处?举例说明。

翻译常常被称为是一门遗憾的艺术,因为世界上不存在完美无缺、无可挑剔的译文,哪怕是质量上佳的疑问中也会有这样或那样一些令人不太满意的地方;换言之,再好的译文,也不可能将原作者的意思传达出来,原语文本中有一些无法传递和迻译的部分,这些损失是令人遗憾的。

首先,从语言层面上来看,由于每一种语言都有自己的语音、语法和词汇体系,对于各种客观事物和思想概念有着不同的分类,因而必然造成翻译过程中意义的损失。意义损失的程度取决于原语和译入语之间差异的程度以及文本的内容与形式之间的关系。

其次,如果原语文本的内容涉及该语言使用区域特有的自然环境、社会制度、文化习俗等,也会出现意义的损失。

此外,习语中所蕴含的文化上的联想意义常常也是难以传递的。

2.你对“翻译的等值与近似,折射出中西两种不同的翻译观,同时,亦是中西不同文化传统和思维方式的反映。”这句话怎样理解?

西方崇尚科学和理性,讲究思维的分析性和精确性,这使得西方语言学尤其重视应用科学的术语对语言进行分析性研究。现代翻译研究以语言学为基础,它从语音、语义、句法、篇章等层次对翻译文体进行分析,并提出了相应的翻译等值观。而东方则更重视伦理和道德,思维上明显表现为整体性和模糊性,强调直觉、灵感、顿悟等等的感性体悟。中国历来有“道不可言,言而非到”之说,将言与义对立起来。且有所谓“书不尽言,言不尽意”,而强调不立文字,直指人心。正因为言有止而意无穷,所以语言对意义的表达便只能是一种大概或近似。从理解到表达的翻译过程具体为感性的体悟和模糊的表达过程。翻译中对原文的理解本来已经有所出入,而要将领悟到的再悉数表达出来,就更要大打折扣。故以“信”为本的中国翻译传统,其实质就是:不求细节上的精准,但求整体上的近似。

3. 你认为译者一定要懂得翻译理论吗?为什么?

作为一个译者,应具备一定的翻译理论知识。翻译理论的作用是:确认和解释翻译中的问题;指出解决问题所涉及的所有因素;描述翻译的过程与步骤;建立合理的翻译程序和标准。掌握一定的理论知识对一个译员来说,非常有必要。虽然现实中有很多翻译家不懂得翻译理论,可实践也做得很好,但是,理论学习不一

定能保证每个人成功,其价值在于可以把风险降到最低限度;可以减少主观臆断,增强信心;可以为以后在翻译领域进一步发展打好基础。

4. 简述翻译的主观能动性。

翻译的主观能动性表现为具备以下三种能力:分析——综合能力,应变——对策能力和表述——行文能力。这些能力可以细化为:A. 良好的思辨能力。思辨有两层含义:一是哲学上指运用逻辑推导而进行纯理论、纯概念的思考;二是指思考辨析。从翻译角度来讲,思辨能力就是要善于对所译的内容进行哲理性分析,对作者的观点立场进行合乎逻辑的推理。B. 娴熟的翻译技巧。英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大差异,在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难,需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。但对翻译技巧也不能盲目崇信,或对其作用过分夸大。C. 较强的跨文化交际能力。翻译的本质在于交流,翻译的目的是促成不同文化间的有效交际,可以通过掌握一定的跨文化交际能力提高翻译能力。D.熟练的IT技术。在当今知识突飞猛进地增长,跨文化交流不断增多的时代,电脑技术确实可以给译者带来很多方便。首先利用电脑处理文字,可以加快翻译的速度,而且便于修改、保存;其次,通过互联网可以与外界信息保持沟通,直接对话、搜索学术信息、查找资料、了解国内外最新动态等等,不仅如此,电脑还可以帮助检验译文,尤其是英文的正确性和可接受性。

英汉笔译期末“短句翻译”复习提纲

1. Today the electronic computer is widely used in solving mathematical problems having to do with weather forecasting and putting satellites into orbit. 译文:今天, 电子计算机广泛地运用于解决一些数学问题, 这些问题与天气预报、把卫星送入轨道有关。 2. No reference books are to be taken out of the reading-room without permission 译文:本阅览室的任何参考书都不得擅自带出。 3. Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind. It is the freshness of the deep springs of life. 译文:青春不是人生的一个阶段,而是一种心境。青春是生命深处的一泓清泉。 4. The isolation of the rural world because of distance and the lack of transport facilities is compounded by the paucity of the information media. 译文:因为距离远,又缺乏交通工具,农村社会是与外界隔绝的。这种隔绝状态由于通信工具不足,就变得更加严重了。 5. You can fool all the people some of the time and some of the people all the time, but you cannot fool all the people all the time. 译文:骗人一夕一事易,欺众一生一世难。 6. Care should be taken at all times to protect these sophisticated instruments from dust and damp. 译文:应当始终注意保护这些精密仪器,不使其沾染灰尘,不让他们受潮。 7. The study found that non-smoking wives of men who smoke cigarettes face a much greater than normal danger of developing lung cancer.The more cigarettes smoked by the husband,the greater the threat faced by his non.smoking wife. 译文:这项研究表明,妻子不抽烟丈夫抽烟,妻子的肺癌的危险性比一般人大的多。丈夫抽的烟越多,妻子受到的威胁也就越大。 8. For the first time in the annals of space, a piloted ship had succeeded in launching an earth satellite. 译文:载人飞船成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星,这在航天史上尚属首次。 9. The first point about chores is that they are repetitive. They come every day or thereabouts, and once done they require after a certain time to be done again. 译文:家务事的第一个特点,是反反复复。几乎天天都有,而且做完之后,过一段时间又要重做一番。 10. With determination, with luck, and with the help from lots of good people, I was able to rise from the ashes.

商务英语期末考试参考答案

商务英语期末考试参考答案 说明:商务英语期末考试有五种题型: 一、中英短语互译已经全部总结,见下文 二、问答题已经提供了参考答案,仅供参考,见下文 三、案例分析题请根据题目要求自行准备 四、英语段落翻译中文已经注明,请自己翻看商务英语教程 五、写作请根据题目要求自行准备 1、中英短语互译(详见商务英语课件——每个PPT中的短语部分) PPT1: 1. individual proprietorship个体经营,独资企业 2. convertible bonds 可转换债券 3. memorandum of association 公司章程 4. monopolistic competition 垄断竞争 5. business credit 商业信用 1. 财政资源 financial resources 2. 有限责任公司 limited company 3. 销售收入 sales revenue 4. 有形商品 tangible goods 5. 流动资金 working capital PPT2: 1. flexible manufacturing system 弹性生产系统 2. fractional reserve system 部分准备金制度

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