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Noi 2014 网上同步赛 试1 noi2014_day1

Noi 2014 网上同步赛 试1 noi2014_day1
Noi 2014 网上同步赛 试1 noi2014_day1

第31届全国信息学奥林匹克竞赛CCF NOI 2014

第一试

竞赛时间:2014年7月27日8:00-13:00

注意:最终测试时,所有编译命令均不打开任何优化开关。

起床困难综合症

【问题描述】

21 世纪,许多人得了一种奇怪的病:起床困难综合症,其临床表现为:起床难,起床后精神不佳。作为一名青春阳光好少年,atm 一直坚持与起床困难综合症作斗争。通过研究相关文献,他找到了该病的发病原因:在深邃的太平洋海底中,出现了一条名为drd 的巨龙,它掌握着睡眠之精髓,能随意延长大家的睡眠时间。正是由于drd 的活动,起床困难综合症愈演愈烈,以惊人的速度在世界上传播。为了彻底消灭这种病,atm 决定前往海底,消灭这条恶龙。

历经千辛万苦,atm 终于来到了drd 所在的地方,准备与其展开艰苦卓绝的战斗。drd 有着十分特殊的技能,他的防御战线能够使用一定的运算来改变他受到的伤害。具体说来,drd 的防御战线由 n 扇防御门组成。每扇防御门包括一个运算 op 和一个参数 t,其中运算一定是OR,XOR,AND中的一种,参数则一定为非负整数。如果还未通过防御门时攻击力为 x ,则其通过这扇防御门后攻击力将变为 x op t 。最终drd 受到的伤害为对方初始攻击力 x 依次经过所有 n 扇防御门后转变得到的攻击力。

由于atm水平有限,他的初始攻击力只能为 0 到 m 之间的一个整数(即他的初始攻击力只能在 0,1,…,m 中任选,但在通过防御门之后的攻击力不受 m 的限制)。为了节省体力,他希望通过选择合适的初始攻击力使得他的攻击能让drd 受到最大的伤害,请你帮他计算一下,他的一次攻击最多能使drd 受到多少伤害。

【输入格式】

从文件sleep.in中读入数据。

输入文件的第 1 行包含2个整数,依次为 n,m ,表示drd有 n 扇防御门,atm的初始攻击力为 0 到 m 之间的整数。

接下来 n 行,依次表示每一扇防御门。每行包括一个字符串 op 和一个非负整数 t,两者由一个空格隔开,且 op 在前, t 在后,op 表示该防御门所对应的操作,t表示对应的参数。

【输出格式】

输出到文件sleep.out中。

输出一行一个整数,表示atm的一次攻击最多使drd 受到多少伤害。

【样例输入1】

3 10

AND 5

OR 6

XOR 7

【样例输出1】

1

【样例说明1】

atm可以选择的初始攻击力为 0,1, (10)

假设初始攻击力为 4,最终攻击力经过了如下计算

4 AND

5 = 4

4 OR 6 = 6

6 XOR

7 = 1

类似的,我们可以计算出初始攻击力为 1,3,5,7,9 时最终攻击力为 0,初始攻击力为 0,2,4,6,8,10 时最终攻击力为 1,因此atm的一次攻击最多使drd 受到的伤害值为 1。

【样例输入输出2】

见选手目录下的sleep/sleep.in与sleep/sleep.ans。

【数据规模与约定】

【运算解释】

在本题中,选手需要先将数字变换为二进制后再进行计算。如果操作的两个数二进制长度不同,则在前补0至相同长度。

OR为按位或运算,处理两个长度相同的二进制数,两个相应的二进制位中只要有一个为1,则该位的结果值为1,否则为0。XOR为按位异或运算,对等长二进制模式或二进制数的每一位执行逻辑异或操作。如果两个相应的二进制位不同(相异),则该位的结果值为1,否则该位为0。AND为按位与运算,处理两个长度相同的二进制数,两个相应的二进制位都为1,该位的结果值才为1,否则为0。

例如,我们将十进制数5与十进制数3分别进行OR,XOR与 AND运算,可以得到如下结果:

0101 (十进制 5) 0101 (十进制 5) 0101 (十进制 5) OR 0011 (十进制 3) XOR 0011 (十进制 3) AND 0011 (十进制 3) = 0111 (十进制 7) = 0110 (十进制 6) = 0001 (十进制 1)

魔法森林

【问题描述】

为了得到书法大家的真传,小E同学下定决心去拜访住在魔法森林中的隐士。魔法森林可以被看成一个包含 n 个节点 m 条边的无向图,节点标号为 1,2,3,…,n,边标号为 1,2,3,…,m。初始时小E同学在 1 号节点,隐士则住在 n 号节点。小E需要通过这一片魔法森林,才能够拜访到隐士。

魔法森林中居住了一些妖怪。每当有人经过一条边的时候,这条边上的妖怪就会对其发起攻击。幸运的是,在 1 号节点住着两种守护精灵:A型守护精灵与B型守护精灵。小E可以借助它们的力量,达到自己的目的。

只要小E带上足够多的守护精灵,妖怪们就不会发起攻击了。具体来说,无向图中的每一条边 e i包含两个权值 a i与 b i。若身上携带的A型守护精灵个数不少于 a i,且B型守护精灵个数不少于 b i,这条边上的妖怪就不会对通过这条边的人发起攻击。当且仅当通过这片魔法森林的过程中没有任意一条边的妖怪向小E发起攻击,他才能成功找到隐士。

由于携带守护精灵是一件非常麻烦的事,小E想要知道,要能够成功拜访到隐士,最少需要携带守护精灵的总个数。守护精灵的总个数为A型守护精灵的个数与B型守护精灵的个数之和。

【输入格式】

从文件forest.in中读入数据。

输入文件的第 1 行包含两个整数 n, m,表示无向图共有 n 个节点, m 条边。

接下来 m 行,第 i+1 行包含4个正整数 X i, Y i, a i, b i,描述第 i 条无向边。其中 X i与 Y i为该边两个端点的标号, a i与 b i的含义如题所述。

注意数据中可能包含重边与自环。

【输出格式】

输出到文件forest.out中。

输出一行一个整数:如果小E可以成功拜访到隐士,输出小E最少需要携带的守护精灵的总个数;如果无论如何小E都无法拜访到隐士,输出“-1”(不含引号)。

【样例输入1】

4 5

1 2 19 1

2 3 8 12

2 4 12 15

1 3 17 8

3 4 1 17

【样例输出1】

32

【样例说明1】

如果小E 走路径1→2→4,需要携带19+15=34个守护精灵; 如果小E 走路径1→3→4,需要携带17+17=34个守护精灵; 如果小E 走路径1→2→3→4,需要携带19+17=36个守护精灵; 如果小E 走路径1→3→2→4,需要携带17+15=32个守护精灵。 综上所述,小E 最少需要携带32个守护精灵。 【样例输入2】

3 1

1 2 1 1 【样例输出2】

-1 【样例说明2】

小E 无法从1号节点到达3号节点,故输出-1。 【样例输入输出3】

见选手目录下的forest/forest.in 与forest/forest.ans 。

(17,8)

(19,1)

(12,15)

(8,12)

(1,17)

2 1

3 4

【数据规模与约定】

消除游戏

【问题描述】

最近,小Z迷上了一款新型消除游戏。这款游戏在一个 n×m 的方格中进行。初始时方格中均为 0 ~ 9 的整数。进行消除后方格中会出现空白,用 ?1 表示。为了方便,我们将第 i 行,第 j 列的数记为 A i,j,并将其坐标记为(i,j)。

给定三个参数 l min,l max以及 K ,玩家可以进行不超过 K 次操作。对于每次操作,玩家需要在方格中找到一条长度为 l 的路径。形式化地,该路径用两个长度为 l 的序列 x1,x2,…,x l和 y1,y2,…,y l表示,需要满足如下条件:

1.1≤x i≤n,1≤y i≤m,其中1≤i≤l,即(x i,y i)对应于方格中的一个

合法位置;

2. |x i?x i+1|+|y i?y i+1|=1,其中1≤i

方格中相邻的两个位置;

3.x i≠x j或 y i≠y j,其中1≤i

4.A x

i,y i ≠?1,其中1≤i≤l,即路径不能经过空白的格子;

5.A x

1,y1≠0,即路径不能以数字 0 为起点;

6.l min≤l≤l max,即路径的长度需要在给定的范围内。将路径上的数字串成一个整数 N ,形式化地,

N=∑A x

i,y i ×10l?i

l

i=1

游戏会给出两个参数 c1,c2用于计算玩家本次操作的得分:

1.如果数 N 是质数,那么将获得质数得分 l c1,否则获得质数得分 1 。

2.如果数 N 是回文数(即,将数 N 的十进制表达看成一个字符串,这个字

符串的逆序串和它本身完全相同),那么将获得回文数得分 l c2,否则获

得回文数得分 1。

3.如果质数得分和回文数得分均为 1,那么本次操作的得分为 0;否则本次

操作的得分为质数得分与回文数得分之和。

每次操作过后,若该次操作的得分等于 0,那么你浪费了一次操作机会,而局面不会有任何改变。若该次操作的得分大于 0 ,则将路径上的数替换为空白,并使空白上方的数字垂直下落。形式化地,执行以下操作:

1.执行 A x

i,y i

←?1 ,其中1≤i≤l。

2.枚举所有格子。如果存在某个格子(i,j),满足 i≠n,A i,j≠?1,A i+1,j=

?1,执行 A i+1,j←A i,j,A i,j←?1。反复执行这个操作直到方格中不再存

在这样的格子。

下面举例说明玩家操作和数字消除的具体情况。某次游戏中, n=m=3,

1的局面:

2 -1 -1 2

3 3

4 7 1

图1

2 -1 -1

2 3 3

-1 -1 1

图2

-1 -1 -1

2 -1 3

2 3 1

图3

1.玩家选择了包含格子 4,7 的路径。计算可得 N=47。由于 47 是质数,

其质数得分为 l c1=21=2;由于 47 不是回文数,其回文数得分为 1。于

是,该次操作得分为 2+1=3。

2.由于本次操作得分非零,路径上的数字将变为空白(如图2)。

3.空白上方的数字垂直下落(如图3),此时玩家方可进行下一次操作。

我们还会给你一个参数 F ,在所有操作完成后,玩家的最终得分的计算方式由 F 决定:如果 F 取值为 0 ,那么玩家的最终得分为所有操作的分数总和;如果 F 取值为 1 ,那么玩家的最终得分为所有操作的分数总和除以 2d后向下取整,即

最终得分={

所有操作的分数总和,F=0?

所有操作的分数总和

2

?,F=1

其中 d 为最终方格中非空白格子的数目。

小Z沉迷于这个有趣的游戏中不能自拔。她想请你帮助, 针对给定的输入参数,给出游戏局面的操作方案。当然,最终得分越大越好。

【输入格式】

所有输入数据game1.in~game10.in已在试题目录下。

输入的第 1 行包含 8 个用空格分隔的整数 n,m,K,l min,l max,c1,c2,F,含义同题面描述。

随后 n 行,每行 m 个整数,表示方格 A 。数之间用一个空格分隔。

输入文件中不会包含多余的空行,行末不会存在多余的空格。

【输出格式】

针对给定的10 个输入文件game1.in~game10.in,你需要分别提交你的输出文件game1.out~game10.out。

输出文件第 1 行为一个整数 M(0≤M≤K),为你的操作次数。

随后, 输出文件还应包含 M 行,每行描述一次操作。对于每一行,最开始的整数 l 表示这次操作中选定路径的长度。接下来有 2l 个数字,分别为x1,y1,x2,y2,…,x l,y l。

输出文件中不应包含多余的空格和空行。一行的多个整数之间使用一个空格分隔。

输出文件大小不能超过 1 MB。数据保证一个合法的输出文件大小不会超过这个上界。

【样例输入1】

3 3 100 2 3 1 1 0

2 1 1

2 3 3

4 7 1

【样例输出1】

4

2 2 2

3 2

2 3 1 3 2

2 2 1

3 1

3 1 3 2 3 3 3

【样例说明1】

4次消除得到的数与相应的分数分别是:37,得分为2+1=3;41,得分为2+1=3;22,得分为 1+2=3;131,得分为 3+3=6。总共得分为15。可能存在更优的方案。

【样例输入2】

1 3 100

2

3 1 1 1

2 1 1

【样例输出2】

1

2 1 2 1 3

【样例说明2】

本方案仅一次消除操作。消除的数为 11,本次操作得分为 2+2=4。由于 F=1,最终得分为每次操作得分之和4 除以 21=2 后下取整,为 2 。若选择消除路径 211 ,则会得到本局面最佳分数 4 。

【评分方式】

对于每组数据,我们设置了 9 个评分参数 a10,a9,a8,…,a2。如果选手的输出不合法,则得零分。否则,在你的方案中,若游戏得分为 w user,你的分数将会由下表给出:

【如何测试你的输出】

在终端中先切换到该试题的目录下

cd game

我们提供checker这个工具来测试你的输出文件是否是可接受的。使用这个工具的方法是,在终端中运行

./checker

其中case_no是测试数据的编号。例如

./checker 3

将测试game3.out是否可以接受。

在你调用这个程序后,checker将根据你给出的输出文件给出测试的结果,其中包括:

1.非法退出:未知错误

2.Output file do not exist.:找不到输出文件

3.Output invalid!:输出文件有误,此时可能包含具体错误信息

4.Details: xxx.:其他提示信息

5.Correct! Your score is x.:输出可接受,你的得分为x

【提示】

请妥善保存输入文件game*.in和输出文件game*.out,及时备份,以免误删。

英语口语课自我介绍英语口语大赛自我介绍

英语口语课自我介绍-英语口语大赛 自我介绍 口语比赛自我介绍 小学英语口语竞赛自我介绍1 小学英语口语竞赛自我介绍 Dear teachers and classmates, thank you for giving me such a chance to introduce myself,thanks. 亲爱的老师们、同学门,感谢大家给了我这样一个机会来做自我介绍,这是我莫大的荣幸。I’m xxxxxx from chijiayu Primary school. I’mic and drawing pictures. 在我的课余时间,我喜欢骑自行车,听音乐和画画。 I like rabbit very much. It has two long ears and a short tail. It’s as lovely as me. Am I right? 我非常喜欢小兔子。它有两个长长的耳朵和一个短尾巴,和我

一样的可爱。我说的对吗?I like English very much, and I want to be an English teacher in my hometown in the future. 我非常喜欢英语,我以后要在家乡当一名英语老师。 Because my hometown is a mountain village, many children can’t speak English well. 因为我的家乡是一个山村,许多孩子不能很好地说英语。 I’m very confident. Because “Where there is a will, there is a way”. I believe my dream will come true. 我非常有信心,因为“有志者,事竟成。”我相信我的理想最终会实现。That’s all. Thank you for listening. 谢谢大家的聆听。小学英语口语竞赛自我介绍 胡可 Dear teachers and classmates, thank you for giving me such a chance to introduce ’s my great honor. I’m Hu Ke from Class 1, Grade 5. I’m ten years old.

全国青少年英语技能大赛北京赛区初试-口语试题

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英文演讲比赛自我介绍 篇一:英语演讲比赛自我介绍 Good morning,honorable judges Ladies and gentlemen。Today,i am so glad to be here to introduce myself to you。My Chinese name isLanLianghua,my English name is Lannie。I can’t tell you how old i am,Because it’s a secret of a lady’s age。I have so many hobbies。Such as cooking,singing ,hosting and traveling。Some people don’t like cooking ,but it is happy for me to cook for my families and friends。Unfortunately,our domitory has no cooker hood。So I have to use a plastic bag as my Chef hat。I armed myself heavily so that i will not be attacked by the oil fume,oh!how hard it is,so ladies and gentlemen,Please take the applause to all the ladies。In addition to cooking,i am so fond of singing。In my college life,i was crazy to take part in all kinds of singing contests。But all ended in failure。It doesn’t matter。I have so many students now ,in the future maybe one of them will be a super star。By the way,i can be your hostress,if you have something to celebrate。Call me please。Yesterday is history,tomorrow is a

2011年广东省英语口语大赛题目

非专业组:2011 Guangdong Advanced Career English Oral Contest For Non-Majors of English- First Round Paper 1 Making a Short Speech (3 minutes) Task: Suppose you are a newly appointed manager of the Sales Department of your company, and this is the first time you meet your colleagues in this department. Please make a short speech to your colleagues to share with them your wishes for good teamwork and your sales plan for the next season. Q: What are your major responsibilities as a sales manager? What measures would you take to encourage good teamwork in your company? What strategies do you have in promoting sales? Paper 2 Making a Short Speech (3 minutes) Task: Suppose you are the Manager of the Human Resources Department of your company and you are now receiving the delegation from the P&G Company in America, who also takes charge of personnel in their company. Please make a welcome speech to the delegation. Q: what do you think are the major responsibilities of the manager of HR department of a company? Why should you be careful about when you are receiving visitors of different cultures? What kind of company would you like to work for and why? What information should you provide when you introduce a company? Paper 3 Making a Short Speech (3 minutes) Task: Suppose you are a member on the Organizing Committee of China Import and Export Fair. Now you are gathering the exhibitors for a meeting to discuss the coming fair. Make a short speech to provide detailed information about the venue, time, size, food & accommodation, transportation, fees, etc. of the exhibition. Q: What can the exhibitor do to attract more customers and visitors at a trade fair? What should the exhibitor pay attention to when attending a fair? As an organizer, how would you organize your exhibitors? Paper 4 Making a Short Speech (3 minutes) Task: Suppose you are leading a project group specializing in the design of sports

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