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关于论文更正、替换和撤销的思考作者：赵大良

基于纸质版出版环境下的期刊出版规则，是否需要改变？如何改变，这倒是我们出版者应该思考和研究的问题。以往，期刊出版以后，无论是作者还是编辑，发现存在一般的技术性错误，惯常的做法是：在随后的刊期里刊登或连续刊登“更正启事”。但是，数字出版以后，这就变得简单了——可以随时将电子版修改后重新上传。这不，就有作者提出这样的要求，搞的编辑部“不知道如何办”！借此，谈谈我的看法，也请大家研究讨论。

案情如下：2007年发表的一篇文章的作者找来说一张电路图有误，现纸板肯定改不了了，想更正网上的电子版。请问有哪个编辑部遇到类似的情况的，是怎么处理的？再说详细一点。作者想直接更换原文中的图以后，替换知网等主要数据库的电子版，但我们领导不同意，觉得：已发表的东西是一个历史，不能随便更改。最好是在期刊上发表“更正启事”，在电子版原文后附一页更正，但这样作者又不同意。气氛搞得很紧张，最后作者要求撤稿。我想问：前两种情况哪种更合适一些。若撤稿，需要作者提供什么书面的函吗？这篇文章以后如何处理，还能不能作为一篇文章引用和计算成果？

针对上面的情况，我认为：不是那么简单的问题，值得研究和思考！我认为涉及到两方面的问题。

（1）要看问题的严重程度，如果是一般的技术性错误，处理起来相对比较简单一点。一是，读者认真阅读不难发现问题；二是，不影响文章的结论。在纸质版和相应的网站刊登一下“更正启事”也就可以了。说道这里，在数字化环境下，还真的有必要“专门建立一个”论文更正的数据库。否则，纸质版的更正或者期刊自己的网站更正，难免不能够传达到每一个读者。如果有专门的“更正数据库”，当读者有疑问时也好登陆查询一下！

（2）如果问题不是一般的技术性错误，而是研究的实质性缺陷，影响到结果的正确性。这里边也分几种情况。有的是反向的，也就是说“不能得出研究的结论”，证据力不足。这样的问题，我感觉与技术性错误有些类似——就是推导（论）不下去。那么，更正应该是首选的做法。如果问题不是这样，而是“证明过度”，也就是说：明明得不出研究的结论，而因“错误”即使结论“圆满”——这就带有“作假”的嫌疑了。这种情况的处理，就不应该是简单的更正了。更正不是不可以，但我认为有些“掩盖”错误的嫌疑。这种情

况，我认为“撤稿”是比较好的、比较负责任的选择。

从前面案例反映的情况，“一张电路图”如果“证据力不足”，那么对照文字述叙应该可以发现问题，更正应该是首选途径。而如果电路图有“证明过度”的问题，我认为撤稿就变得首选。

对于作者提出的“仅仅在主要的数据库中替换”，这种做法我认为欠缺，有投机、打马虎眼的嫌疑。明明是存在错误，而“借助”现代技术手段来“更正”——实质是“篡改”，不符合科学研究的道德。更何况，更改的不可能彻底——纸质版和电子版不一致不说，就是已经流传出去的电子版也不可能全部收回和更改！

在此，希望数据库服务商或学术共同体等，能够应对数字化出版的需要，建立一个“学术论文更正和撤销查询数据库”！出版者遇到需要更正或者撤销文章的时候，有义务在自己的平台更正和公告以外，同时在公公数据库发布存档；读者，在阅读文献的时候，遇到存疑的，应该及时查询数据库，以便确认，同时也应该将自己发现的文献疑点，在此数据库提交，向作者质询。这样，大家共同建立一个科研论文纠错的平台。

（誉中科技整理出品）

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写作30个最经典的替换词

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4级30个最经典替换词

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SCI写作经典替换词,瞬间高大上

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利用以下30个最经典的替换词

利用以下30个最经典的替换词,让你的作文充满闪光点!! 1.individuals,characters, folks代替(people ,persons) 2 : positive, favorable, rosy(美好的)，promising (有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding代替good 3:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse(有害的)代替bad 如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive代替 eg.An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation ,as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive. 4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,many,if not most)代替many. 注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。 Eg. Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that….同理用most, if not all ,代替most. 5: a slice of, quiet a few , several代替some 6:harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that)替think (因为是书面语，所以要加that) 7:affair ,business ,matter 代替thing 8: shared 代common 9.reap huge fruits 代替get much benefit ） 10:for my part ,from my own perspective 代替 in my opinion 11:Increasing(ly),growing 代替more and more( 注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用increasingly. Eg.sth has gained growing popularity. Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth. 12.little if anything, 或little or nothing代替hardly 13..benefitial rewarding代替helpful be beneficial of 14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser, 代替customer 15.exceedingly,extremely 代替very 16.hardly unnecessary, hardly inevitable ... 代替necessary, inevitable 17.sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 代替sb take interest in 18.capture one's attention代替attract one's attention. 19.facet,demension,sphere代aspect 20.be indicative of ,be suggesteive of ,be fearful of代indicate, suggest ,fear 21.give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 代替cause. 22. There are several reasons behind sth 代替..reasons for sth 23.desire 代替want. 24.pour attention into 代替pay attention to 25.bear in mind that 代替remember 26. enjoy, possess 代替have(注意process是过程的意思) 27. interaction代替communication

可撤销婚姻

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