新TOEFL托福iBT阅读题型与解题方法
新TOEFL阅读
题型及解题方法
新托福（托福iBT）
● 2005 年9 月，美国教育考试服务中心（ETS）在全球推出新托福考试，即TOEFL iBT(Internet Based Test)。
● TOEFL iBT能够反映学生在一流大专院校的教学和校园生活中的语言应用能力。
加试
●出现在听力或阅读部分，也有可能阅读、听力两部分同时被加试。
●加试部分不算分，但考生事先并不知道哪一部分是加试。
●阅读和听力考试之后有10 分钟休息时间。
新TOEFL阅读部分
In TOEFL test, there are usually 13 to 14 questions for each passage and the question types can be summarized as the following.
1.Factual questions(3-6 questions per set)
2.Negative Factual questions(0-2 questions per set)
3.Inference Questions(0-2 questions per set)
4.Rhetorical Purpose Questions(0-2 questions per set)
5.Sentence Insertion Questions(1 question per set)
6.Sentence Reference Questions(0-2 questions per set)
7.Sentence Restatement Questions(1 question per set)
8.Prose Summary Questions(1 question per set)
9.Fill in a Table Questions(1 question per set)
10.Vocabulary Questions(0-3 questions per set)
1. FQ (Factual questions)
Definition: FQ ask about explicit facts and details in the passage. They often contain: who, what, when, where, why. For FQ, the information needed for an answer is directly stated somewhere in the passage.
Characteristics: FQ often begin with the following
1.According to the passage,
2.According to the information in paragraph 2
3.What does the author say about
Tips for FQ:
1.Focus on one or two key words from the question, they might be DATE, NAME
and other nouns so on
2.Scan the passage and look only for these words as you scroll down
3.The questions usually follow the order of the passage, therefore, usually scroll
down form the last questions you answered, you do not need to read the entire passage again
4.Underline the sentences where contain the key words, read preceding and
following sentences as well.
2. Negative Factual Questions (NFQ)
Definitions: NFQ ask you to determine which of the four answer choices is not given in the passage. It often contains words, NOT, EXCEPT, LEAST. They always appear in Uppercases.
Characteristics: NFQ often begin with the following structures
1.According to the passage, all of the following are true EXCEPT
2.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
3.Which of the following is LEAST likely?
Tips for NFQ
1.Read the questions first, locate key words.
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/554861434.html,e Key Words technique to look for the information in the passage related with
each answer
3.Identify the answer that is not mentioned in the passages
Exercise I: Locate the key words for the following sentences:
1.What story is told about the first dentist in the North American colonies?
2.People in which of the following occupations probably did NOT practice
emergency dentistry?
3.What materials did Paul Revere use to make artificial teeth?
4.How many students graduated in the first class to study dentistry in the United
States?
5.How is the building that housed the first dental school in the United States at
present?
6.According to the passage, what were ”Negative spray” and “Vitalized Air”?
7.In what year did William Morton demonstrated ether?
8.Which of the following is NOT one of the problems that X rays can indicate?
9.What were …dental engines??
10.How did the dental drills that were developed in the 1950?s reduce heat and pain? III. Inference questions
Definition: These questions require you to make inferences according to the information provided in the passages. The answers to these questions are not directly stated anywhere in the passage, but it can be inferred.
Characteristics: The questions usually contain the words infer or imply
1.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
2.In paragraph..., the author implies that…?
3.It can be concluded from the information in paragraph…that…
4.The author suggests that:
Types of Inference:
Infer in reverse direction
1.Although this rise of oil is almost always carefully controlled today, sprouts
of oil, or gushers, were common in the past.
Which of the following can be inferred about the gushers?
A.They make bringing the oil to the surface easier
B.They signal the presence of huge oil reserves
C.They waste more oil in the past
D.They are unlikely to occur nowadays
2.The story of the western movement of population in the United States is, in the
main, the story of the expansion of agriculture- of the development of new areas for the raising of livestock and the cultivation of wheat, corn, tobacco and cotton.
After 1815 improved transportation enabled more and more western farmers to escape a self-sufficient way of life enter a national market economy
What can be inferred from paragraph 1 about western farmers prior to 1815
1.They had limited their crop production to wheat, corn, tobacco and cotton.
2.They were able to sell their products at high prices.
3.They had not been successful in raising cattle
4.They did not operate in a national market
3.This was before the steam locomotive, and canal building was at its height. Which of the following can be inferred about canal building?
A.Canals were built primarily in the in the south of England rather than in other
regions
B.Canal building decreased after the steam locomotive was invented.
C.Canal building made it difficult to study rock strata which often became damaged
in the process
D.Canal builders hired surveyors like smith to examine exposed rock strata
4.Sediments above and below the gypsum layers contained tiny marine fossils,
indicating open-ocean conditions.
Which of the following can be inferred about solid gypsum layers?
A.It did not contain any marine fossil
B.It had formed in open-ocean conditions
C.It had once been soft, deep-sea mud
D.It contained sediment from nearby deserts
Infer according to the key words
In all probabilities, it was the fertile plain of Latium, where the Latin who founded Rome originated, that created the habits and skills of landed settlement, landed property, landed economy, landed administration and a land-based society. Which of the following can be inferred about the people of Latium?
A.Their economy was based on trade relations with other settlements.
B.They held different values than the people of Rome
C.Agriculture played a significant role in the society
D.They possessed unusual knowledge of animal instinct
Exercises I: Identify the correct inferences based on the sentence or short passage:
1. If a metalworker from 3,000 years ago could somehow travel forward in time, he would recognize virtually every step of the lost-wax process that today is used to cast titanium for jet engines.
A: Titanium has been forged for thousands of years.
B: The lost-wax methods of casting metal is very old
C: Metalworking has changed very little in 3,000 years.
2. When apple growers talk about new varieties of apples. They don?t mean something developed last month, last year, or even in the last decade.
A: Apple growers have not developed any new varieties of apples in recent decades. B: Some varieties of apples can be developed in a short time, but others take a long time.
C: New varieties of apples take a long time to develop.
3. High level of serum cholesterol used to be thought of as a problem only for adults. A: High level of serum cholesterol are no longer a problem for adults.
B: Only children have a problem with high levels of serum cholesterol.
C: High serum cholesterol affects both adults and children.
4. Alpha Centauri, one of the closest stars to Earth, is just 4.3 light years away. It can be seen only from the southern Hemisphere. However, the closest star(other than our own Sun, of course) is a tiny red star, Proxima Centauri, which is not visible without a telescope.
A: ProximaCentauri, is the closest star to Earth.
B: Alpha Centauri, is invisible from earth without a telescope.
C: Proxima Centauri is closer than 4.3 light years from the earth.
5. Compared with the rest of its brain, the visual area of a turtle?s brain is quite small, since turtles, like all other reptiles, depend mainly on senses other than sight.
A: No reptile uses sight as its primary sense.
B: Animals that depend on sight all have larger visual areas in their brain than turtles do.
C: The visual area of other reptiles? brain is smaller than that of turtles.
6. An old but still useful proverb says,” beware of oak, it draws the stroke.” In general, trees with deep roots that tap into groundwater attract more lightning than do trees
with shallow, dry roots. Oak are fifty times more likely to be struck than beeches. Pines are not safe as beeches but are still much safer than oaks.
A: The roots of oak are fifty times deeper than those of beeches.
B: Pines? roots are deeper than beeches, but not as deep as those of oaks.
C: the deeper the root, the safer the tree.
7. Illegible handwriting does not indicate weakness of character, as even a quick glance at the penmanship of Franklin D. Roosevelt or John E. Kennedy reveals
A: Roosevelt and Kennedy both had handwriting that was difficult to read.
B: Roosevelt?s handwriting was more illegible than that of Kennedy.
C: The author believe both Roosevelt and Kennedy had weak characters.
8. Jack London spent only a year prospecting for gold in Alaska. However, nearly half of his forty books are set there.
A: London was successful in his search for gold in Alaska.
B: Although London worked in Alaska for only a short time, he wrote almost twenty books while he lived there.
C: London?s experiences in Alaska had a strong influence on his writing.
9. Most fish take on the coloration of their natural surroundings to a certain degree. It?s not surprising, therefore, that fish inhabiting the warm, shallow waters around tropical reefs are colored all the brilliant hues of the rainbow.
A: Tropical fish are unlike other fish because they take on the coloration of their environment.
B. Tropical reefs are brightly colored environment.
C: Tropical fish are brightly colored because they inhabit warm waters.
10. Although sheep herding is an older and more beloved occupation, shepherds never caught the attention of filmmakers the way cowboys did.
A: There have been more films about cowboys than about shepherds.
B: Films about shepherds are older and more beloved than films about cowboys.
C: Cowboys are generally younger than shepherds.
11. The Okefenokee Swamp is a fascinating realm that both confirms and contradicts popular notions of a swamp. Along with huge cypresses, dangerous quagmires, and dim waterways, the Okefenokee has sandy pine islands, sunlit prairies, and clear lakes.
A. Although most swamps are not very interesting, the Okefenokee is an exception. B: The Okefenokee has features that are not commonly associated with swamps.
C: Unlike most swamps, the Okefenokee does not have huge cypresses, dangerous quagmires, or dim waterways.
12. Thomas Jefferson preferred the Roman Style of architecture, as seen in the buildings at the University of Virginia, to the English style favored by Charles
Bullfinch.
A: The architecture of the University of Virginia was influenced by the Roman style. B: Bullfinch was an English architect.
C: Jefferson preferred to build in the English style of architecture.
13. In all cultures, gestures are used as a form of communication, but the same gestures may have very different meanings in different cultures.
A: No two cultures use the same gestures.
B: one gesture almost never has the same meaning in two cultures.
C: A person from one culture may misunderstand the gestures used by a person from another.
14. Even spiders that do not build webs from silk use it for a variety of purposes. such as constructing egg sacs and nursery tents.
A: All spiders build webs.
B: Spiders that build webs don?t builds egg sacs or nursery tents.
C: Silks is used by all spiders.
15. In theory, a good screwdriver should last a lifetime, but it seldom does, usually because it is used as a substitute for other tools.
A: Using a screwdriver for purpose other than those for which it was intended can shorten its life.
B: All screwdrivers, if they are really good, last a lifetime.
C: If you want a screwdriver to last a lifetime, use other tools to substitute for it. Exercise II: Choose correct inferences for the questions according to the information in the passage
The Titus-Bode law predicted that there would be a fifth planet between Mars and Jupiter. In 1800, a group of astronomers nic knamed the “celestial police” was organized to search for the missing planet. Before the plan could be put in effect, another astronomer, G.Piazzi, discovered 1 Ceres, the largest asteroids, in this position in space on New year?s Day, 1801. While trying t o locate Ceres again, the astronomer H.Olbers discovered 2 Pallas in 1802. J.Harding discovered 3 Juno in 1804. H.Olbers also discovered 4 Vesta, the brightest asteroid, in 1807. It was not until 1836 that a fifth asteroid, 5 Asterea, was added to the list. At first, many nineteenth-century astronomers did not find asteroids of much interest. One even called them” the vermin of the sky”. In 1891, Max Wolf pioneered the use of astrophotography to detect asteroids. Then Wolf went on to discover 248 asteroids, beginning with 323 Bruscia. At present, around 150,000 asteroids have been discovered. Most are spotted today by automated systems that pair telescopes with computers.
Asteroids vary in size from Ceres, with a diameter of 570 miles, to tiny bodies that are only the size of pebbles. Only the four largest-Ceres,Palas,Vesta,and Juno-are
spherical. Most are elongated irregular. Asteroids are not uniformity distributed through space. Many occur in clusters called groups, of in even tighter clusters called families. Families or asteroids with similar characteristics, indicating a common origin, are called Hiruzama asteroids.
H.Olbers advanced the theory that asteroids are the remnants of a large planet that exploded. Other astronomers suggested that the asteroids were originally moons of Jupiter that broke away and then disintegrated. The most commonly accepted theory among astronomers today is that they occupy a place in the solar system where a sizable planet could have formed but was prevented from doing so by the disruptive gravity field of nearby Jupiter. Originally, perhaps, there were only a few dozen asteroids. These were eventually fragmented by mutual collisions to produce the present population of asteroids.
When new asteroids are discovered, they are given a temporary six-character name. The first four numbers correspond to the year of discovery. The first of the two letters corresponds to the half-month period in which the asteroid was discovered, and the second to the sequence in which the asteroid was discovered in that half-month. For example, the asteroid 2006AC was the third asteroid(C) to be discovered in the first half of January(A)in 2006. After the orbit of an asteroid discovery(Currently from 1 Ceres to 95959 Covadonga). The first several hundred asteroids were named for female characters from mythology(Cere, for example, is the Roman goddess of the harvest) Even after these names were used up, the convention of giving asteroid may submit a name to the international Astronomical Union. Some are named for places or for things. Some are named to honor famous scientist, painters, writers, or even pop stars, such as musicians and actors. Some are named after colleagues, family members, and even pets. Discoverers may not, however, name asteroids after themselves. Of the 150,000 known asteroids, only about 10% have names.
Most asteroids are found in the Main Asteroid Belt between Mars and Jupiter. Some have highly eccentric orbits, such as 3200 phaeton, which swings close to the Sun. Some asteroids, called Near Earth Asteroids(NEAs),pass close to Earth. It is feared that one day an steroid may hit Earth and cause a great deal of damage. In fact, most scientists believed that a collision between an asteroid and the earth made dinosaur extinct.
In June of 2002, without warning, a medium-sized asteroid called 2002 MN passed relatively close to Earth. It was not observed until three days after it has passed. This was the cloest an asteroid had come to Earth since 1994XM. That asteroid missed the Earth by only 64,000 miles. However, the one in 2002 was much larger than 1994XN and potentially much more destructive. Other near misses involved 1989FC and 433 Erros in 1975. While there are programs to watch for Near Earth Asteroids, 2002MN proved that these programs are not completely effective. Some people believe that there should be much larger worldwide program to detect and possibly destroy
asteroids that are heading towards out planet.
Questions:
1.It can be inferred from the information in paragraph 1 that the Titus-Bode law
deals with which of the following?
A. The size of planets.
B. The position of planets around the earth.
C. The speed of bodies in space
D. The existence of asteroids.
2.What does the author imply about G.Piazzi in paragraph 1?
A.He was not trained as an astronomer.
B.He worked closely with H.Olbers.
C.He was not a member of the “Celestial police”
D.He discovered the four largest asteroids.
3.It can be inferred from the information in paragraph 1 that H.Olberts
A.was not looking for 2 Pallas when he found it.
B.discovered the largest asteroid.
C.discovered many asteroids a few years after finding 4 Vesta.
D.worked closely with J.Harding.
4.The author implies that the nineteenth-century astronomers mentioned in
paragraph 1 believed that
A.Astronomers should work on projects other than asteroids.
B.astrophotography was a valuable tool.
C.more time should be spent searching for asteroids.
D.asteroids were dangerous because they might strike Earth.
5.It can be inferred from the information in paragraph 2 that asteroids in a family
A.always have a common origin.
B.are closer together than those in group
C.all have the same shape.
D.are brighter than those in a group
6. What does the author imply about the three theories that he explains in paragraph 3?
A.They are all valid theories.
B.The first two theories are no longer considered valid.
C.All three theories have been proved to be false.
D.The third theory is older than the first two.
7. What can be inferred from the information in paragraph 6 about the asteroid named 2002MN
A.It has a temporary name
B.It was the two-thousandth and second asteroid to be discovered
C.It discoverer?s first name began with M and last name began with N
D.It was discovered in January of 2002
8. What can be inferred from the information in paragraph 6 about the asteroid named 433 Eros?
A.It is named for a female character from mythology
B.It was discovered in 433A.D.
C.Its orbit has never been calculated.
D.It was the four-hundred and thirty-third asteroid to be discovered
9. It can be inferred that the first 333 asteroids to be discovered
A. All had feminine names
B. Were all named for mythological characters.
C. All were given the names of historical persons.
D. Were all named form their discoverers
10. Which of the following can be inferred from the information in paragraph 6?
A.Smaller asteroids move faster than medium-sized asteroids.
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/554861434.html,rge asteroids are easy to detect if they approach the earth.
C.The bigger the asteroid, the more destructive it might be
D.Even if a large asteroid misses the Earth, it might cause damage.
III. Rhetorical Purpose Questions: purpose means WHY, purpose questions ask WHY the author of a passage uses a certain piece of information in the passage.
For example: The question may ask you why the author
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/554861434.html,e a certain example
2.Makes a comparison
3.Quote a sentence
Tips or Steps: Purpose questionsusually askyou why author cites an example, quotesa sentence or make a comparison. If the author cites an example, the answer usually will be immediate before the example; For quotation, read the whole sentence, the answer can be reached by the quoted sentence,
Exercise:
Beach Erosion
The Sea has been rising relative to the land for hundreds of years, geologists say, but the rise has accelerated over the last few decades. The Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the United States have eroded an average of two or three feet, the Gulf Coast even faster. In some places the erosion has even been more dramatic. Highland Light, the oldest lighthouse on Cape Cod, was 400 feet from the sea when it was built in 1797. Now it is only about 100 feet from the ocean. Just in the last years, a series of harsh
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TOEFL iBT阅读技巧—关键词法解题 关键词在阅读理解中的重要作用： key words—结构（structure） —推断（inference） 1.key words—结构（structure） 针对题型：大意概括题 解题步骤：1.找结构关键词（but, and, as ,while, so, to……）; 2.分析句子结构; (并列，递进，从属，因果……) 3.结合文本大意选出正确选项。 例1 TPO34 Islamic Art and the Book Papermaking spread quickly to Egypt – and eventually to Sicily and Spain – but it was several centuries before paper supplanted parchment for copies of the Koran, probably because of the conservative nature of religious art and its practitioners. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. A) It was several centuries before papermaking techniques spread to faraway areas where parchment was popular and used widely in art. B) Although papermaking came to Egypt quickly, it took much longer for paper to be used when copying the Koran, probably because of the conservative nature of religious art. C) Papermaking spread beyond Egypt, Sicily, and Spain, but it was not widely used by artists for centuries, probably because of the conservative nature of art in those countries. D) Paper replaced parchment in copies of the Koran, probably at the request of conservative practitioners in areas like Egypt, Sicily, and Spain. [解析] 关键词：but, because of. But 连接的是两个句子的转折，而because of 是
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话中 技巧：你不可能在第一遍阅读的时候，就找到正确答案，需要看题目以后，回头再找 排出那些本身就很矛盾的选项 千万不要因为你看这某个单词或者句子在段落中出现过，就选择那个选项，一定要回答问题 2. Negative Factual Information Questions 做这样的题目，你首先需要对定位：locate the relevant info. in the passage 注意，这种问题你要选择的正确答案，是那个不正确的，问题里面会明确的指出：which one is NOT true 技巧：选项里面的答案，可能叙述了一段的意思，也可能叙述了好几段 正确的那个答案，要么是直接和文章的意思矛盾，要么是文章里面没有提到的 3. Inference Questions 注意的字眼，是infer, imply, inferred 技巧: 正确的答案,必须是从文章已给内容推出的,特别注意 4. Rhetorical Purpose Questions Rhetorical is the art of speaking or writing effectively. 他不关心作者说了什么,关心的是作者为什么要这样说 技巧: 注意字眼definintion, example, to illustrate, to explain, to contrast, to refute, to note, to criticize, function of 这样的题目尤其会侧重句子还有段落之间的逻辑联系 5. Vocabulary Questions 大家不要太在意这个单词在字典里面什么意思，最重要的是，这个单词在文章里面的意思：in the reading passage, only one of the meanings of a work is relevant 技巧：问题是问你单词在文章里面的意思，再次强调 6. Reference Questions 这样的问题，主要是问你代词指代的内容是什么[根据我观察的经验，代词指代的东西，一般来说就在你这个代词的前面，或者隔了1个短语，不会太远：...AAAAA, BBB, CCC, XXX...一般来说， XXX不是指代C就是指代B，不会跑太远] 技巧：代词，pronoun, 在选择以后，检查答案的时候，一定要注意一致性：the same number: singular or plural; case: first person, second person, third person 当你选择了答案以后，你的选择会不会违反语法原则，并且会不会有意义
新托福阅读SUMMARY题型解法
对于目标明确，清晰认识自己薄弱的考生一定很想知道托福阅读summary题型该怎么解。接下来上海环球托福为考生解答。 首先，做阅读就要了解掌握文章的主旨是什么，新托福阅读SUMMARY题作为文章最后一种题型，考察的是对文章主要段落的主旨概括能力，而非全篇文章主旨。直白一点说，就是只需要关注文章局部段落，而不需要在意全局。这不同于老托福阅读里面每篇文章都有一道“What is the passage mainly about”这样的全文主旨题。 接着，考生要如何掌握主旨，来完成summary的题目。阅读英语段落的时候，应该是“匀速阅读”还是“变速阅读”呢？当然是“变速阅读”！这样考生才能做到阅读时的详略得当。但是，“变速阅读”是“先快后慢”还是“先慢后快”呢？这就要从英语的思维方式说起。 汉语族人的思维方式是“螺旋式”的，喜欢画龙点睛，我们称之为“Save the best for the last”。而英语族人的思维方式是“直线式”的，喜欢直入主题，我们称之为“Say what you want to say, then say why”。阅读英语段落的要领：变速阅读，先慢后快，精读首句，浏览全段。据统计，70%-80%的英语段落都是首句是主题句。所以，以后阅读英语段落，应该先精读首句（把握首句的“主题”和“方向”），再浏览全段（把握全段的“关系词”），才能实现快速阅读。而很多同学以前阅读的时候，要么就是倾向于到段落结尾找主题句（这主要是受了汉语思维方式的影响），要么就干脆把有限的精力平均分配到一段话内部的每个单词。 说了那么多，上海环球托福为你提出掌握主旨的方法： 1、常用法——分析段落结构找主题句 通过段落结构来概括主旨，常见的段落结构有如下六大类：（1）总分；（2）总分总（由总分演变而成）；（3）分总；（4）分总分（由分总演变而成）；（5）对比；（6）并列。其中，前四种段落结构都存在主题句和支持句之分。而后两种结构中可能不存在主题句，其段落内部会分成若干个势均力敌的部分，只不过对比结构段落的两部分之间方向相反，而并列结构段落的各部分之间方向相同。一、总分结构 总分结构的主题句一般为首句（如果首句结束后，第二句话存在转折关系，那么主题句就是第二句）。最常见的总分段落的标志就是第二句话前面出现“for example/instance”等举例关系词。如果总分结构段落最后再加一个总结句，就是总分总结构。这种段落结构约占70%。这个方法最大好处是大部分段落都存在主题句，所以能够广泛应用该方法概括段落主旨。这就是“常用法”的由来。但是，该方法的缺点是，如果段落结构比较复杂，又存在大量生词，可能导致我们难以找到主题句。这时候“简易法——重复出现是主旨”就会帮上大忙了。 2、简易法——重复出现是主旨 之所以有第二个方法是因为第一个方法有缺点，常用法的缺点是，如果段落结构比较复杂，又存在大量生词，可能导致我们难以找到主题句。这时候“简易法——重复出现是主旨”就会帮上大忙了。如果一段话在不断重复某一概念，就说明这段话在围绕这个概念展开，这个概念就是这段话的主旨。这就为我们快速把握主旨提供了极大的方便。因此，这种方法称为“简易法”。 在一段话内部重复出现可以分为三种类型。第一种是“原词”重复，但是这也是作者极力避
阅读具体题型简介TOEFL READING QUESTION TYPES
阅读具体题型简介TOEFL READING QUESTION TYPES Basic Information and Inference questions (12 to 14 questions per set ) 1. Factual Information questions (3 to 6 questions per set )细节题 2. Negative Factual Information questions (0 to 2 questions per set )排除题 3. Inference questions ( 0 to 2 questions per set )推断题 4. Rhetorical Purpose questions ( 0 to 2 questions per set )修辞目的题 5. Vocabulary questions ( 3 to 5 questions per set ) 词汇题 6. Reference questions ( 0 to 2 questions per set )指代题 7. Sentence Simplification questions ( 0 to 1 questions per set )简化句子题 8. Insert Text questions ( 0 to 1 questions per set )插入句子题 Reading to Learn questions (1 question per set ) 9. Prose Summary 文章内容小结题 10. Fill in a Table 完成图表题 其中，前八种为微观题，解题不需要联系文章主旨。后两种为宏观题，解题需要联系文章主旨，解题难度高于微观题。 新托福考试的十种题型有六种是沿用旧托福考试中已经出现的题型(细节题、排除题、推断题、修辞目的题、词汇题、指代题)，因此这六种题型我们最好使用旧托福的复习资料。因为新托福考试备考过程中的一个问题就是真题资料的匮乏，我们需要尽可能利用来自ETS 的真题资料。而四种新题型，句子简化题、插入句子题、文章内容小结题和图表题，代表了托福考试的新动向，是需要引起广大考生的重视的。下面我们就来对这十种题型一一进行介绍和评价。 1、Factual Information questions (3 to 6 questions per set )细节题
汇总解读托福阅读题型5大类常见高频难题
汇总解读托福阅读题型5大类常见高 频难题 汇总解读托福阅读题型5大类常见高频难题,这些针对性解题技巧赶紧学起来，下面就和大家分享汇总解读托福阅读题型5大类常见高频难题,希望能够帮助到大家，快来学习一下吧。 汇总解读托福阅读题型5大类常见高频难题 托福阅读高频难点题型：主旨题 主旨题有三种：A、作者的意图;B、*标题;C、*的中心思想。这种题一般为第一道题，建议考生把这道题放在最后做，因为做其他题时，考生会逐步了解*的各个细节，在做题的过程中就会对*个总的理解，最后处理主旨题可谓水到渠成、万无一失。 托福阅读高频难点题型：列举题 列举题有两种：A、一正三误;B、三正误。也可分为四类。第一类：一句话列举。根据某个选项的语言提示，回归*找到一句话，这句话包含三个选项的内容;第二类：局部列举。根据题意，回归*发现连续两三句话涉及三个选项的内容;第三类：段落列举。题干语言在某自然段首句重现。这个句子为段落主题句，即三个选项的内容在这段出现，不涉及到其他段落;第四类：*列
举。选项内容涉及整个*。一句话列举题和段落列举题有明显的信号词帮助答题，根据题序做题，不必区别对待。*列举题和局部列举题则应放其他题做完之后再处理。 托福阅读高频难点题型：*结论题 *结论题即根据*可以推断出下面哪个选项结论是正确的，题干没有任何语言信号词。这种题有以下几种布局：为*第一道题时，相当于*主旨题，应放在最后一道题时，有可能针对*最后部分，也有可能针对整篇*，但不大可能涉及*其他部分的细节。所以*结论题应该具体情况具体分析，并不一定是面对整个*。 托福阅读高频难点题型：作者态度题 作者态度题分为两种：A、局部作者态度题;B、整体作者态度题。*最后一道题问及作者态度时为整体作者态度题，它涉及通篇*，要根据整个*数个语言点串起来的一根主线答题，也就是作者行文的口气。考生千万不可以根据某一个语言点答题，因为整体作者态度题不是考核某一个点，而是考整体感觉。局部作者态度题位置比较灵活，往往问及作者对*中某一个具体内容的看法，题干通常信号请将考生带回*某一区域，考查考生对某个语言点的理解。有时候，某个选项从作者的表达相悖，因此，做作者态度题时，考生一定注意不要把自己作为读者的分析、观点强加于作者。
托福阅读解题技巧-句子插入题(一)
托福阅读解题技巧-句子插入题（一） 托福阅读不同于传统阅读，其中包含了”句子插入题”这类特殊题型，这也是托福阅读中相对难得分的题型。此类题型中，题干中会给出一个新的句子，然后会在原文段落中给出四个黑框，考察新句子在文章中最合适的位置。针对于此类题型的解答，有很多实用的方法，今天我们要介绍的是在剩余时间不多的情况下，最简单最便捷的解决方法-语义指代匹配法。 在上下句的关联中，代词是最为紧密的一类词。当作者再次谈及上句相关话题时，为了避免重复，遵循语言学的最简单化原理，作者会用代词指代上文内容，常见指示代词this, that, these, those, 人称代词they, she, he, 或it ，还有their, such, another等。对于此类题型的具体解题步骤如下： ①确认指代对象：根据指代词找到其所指代的对象； ②定位指代对象：通过浏览扫描段落信息，确定指代对象位置； ③代入验证：把插入句代入含有指代对象所在句的后面进行验证即可。 接下来，我们通过具体实例来论证使用语义指代匹配法。 案例： Paragraph 1: Before 1815 manufacturing in the United States had been done in homes or shops by skilled artisans.■As master craft workers, they imparted the knowledge of their trades to apprentices and journeymen. ■In addition, women often worked in their homes part-time, making finished articles from raw material supplied by merchant capitalists. ■After 1815 this older form of manufacturing began to give way to factories with machinery tended by unskilled or semiskilled laborers. ■Cheap transportation networks, the rise of cities, and the availability of capital and credit all stimulated the shift to factory production. 11. Look at the four squares[■]that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage. This new form of manufacturing depended on the movement of goods to distant locations and a centralized source of laborers.
托福阅读题型十大技巧锦囊(精美图文版)
托福阅读题型十大技巧锦囊 “得阅读者，得天下。”托福阅读向来是考生提分必争之地，也是中国考生的传统强项。基本考生考前会采取题海战术，将自己武装成十万个我都知道。 于是，你背完了英文化学周期表；你了解了九大行星排列；你知道了最前沿的科技发展和美国经济新政；你是颗移动的the big bang 云硬盘。你只祈祷考前记住所有的这些信息量，考后再统统delete 。 如果考到一个你事先复习过的知识点，你欣喜若狂。 如果考到一个你似曾相识却扫视而过，你追悔莫及。 如果考到一个全新的知识点，恭喜你，你顿时挂机。 事实上，托福阅读的单词量是浩瀚星尘，无论你猜或不猜它都在哪里，不离不弃。所以，TPO 小站为冒星星眼的考生们编织了以下十个托福阅读答题锦囊，当你埋首题海两眼泪茫茫时，不妨看过来。 Reading Skills Top 10 1 Factual Information 2 Vocabulary 3 Negative Factual Information 4 Inference 5 Organization 6 Paraphrasing 7 Purpose 8 Insertion 9 Main Idea 10 Categorizing
十大技巧锦囊? 之一 小单词，大线索 Factual information【事实信息题】 “真相，永远只有一个！”20分钟一篇托福阅读，平均到800字篇幅的文章中去，再排除那些判断全文的主旨题，这是火眼晶晶的节奏啊。 所以事实信息题不是考你细工出慢活的时候，而是靠你抓Key words paraphrasing and location（关键词替换定位）。 如何最有效的锁定答案，这里小站针对事实信息题给出的第一条锦囊——小单词，大线索。 多年来，被应试题海战术训练的极其有素的考生们，早就学会了巧妙抓关键词了，但往往是我认识这个单词，但我还是选错了。就像你参加一个世界咖啡评选比赛，你觉得认为是白咖啡或巴西咖啡吧，但你未必知道土耳其咖啡才是咖啡之王。分析事实信息题的特点是：范围小，正确率极高。 题型表现最多形式是：因果关系和表比较级关系的长难句。 表因果关系的词： Cause：frontality/since/in that/on account of Effect：so that/therefore/as a result/consequently 表比较级的词： unlike…from /prior to/ more than 所以，在获取key words之后，我们要做的才是重点。你有看过柯南在发现一丝线索后就停止推理吗？不，所谓的大线索，就是将关键词放回原句，让案件重现，理顺关键句的因果关系，让正确选项浮出水面。 纸上谈兵终不靠谱，绝知此事要做真题！ 小伙伴们快来小站托福板块，阅读区实践吧。
新托福考试题型包括哪些
新托福考试题型包括哪些
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智课网TOEFL备考资料
新托福考试题型包括哪些 摘要：新托福考试题型一共有四种分别为：听力，口语，阅读和写作，下面就跟着小编一起来详细的了解下这四种题型吧。 新托福考试题型介绍 新托福考试题型一共有四种分别为：听力，口语，阅读和写作，下面就跟着小编一起来详细的了解下这四种题型吧。 新托福听力 托福听力有4-6演讲，每个6道题;2-3对话，每个5道题，约60-90分钟，每道试题是1-2分，共34-36分。涉及2个或2个以上的说话者。听力部分每个对话是2-3分钟，每个演讲是4-6分钟。 由于是机考，考生在听录音资料之前无法得知试题。在播放录音资料时，电脑屏幕上会显示相应的背景图片。考生可以在听音过程中记笔记。考生不能复查、修改已递交的答案。这个部分持续大约50分钟。 新托福口语 新托福口语部分采用人机对话，模拟正式的上课讲演来考查学生。考试共有6道题目，一三五针对的是校园生活，二四六是相对学术性的题材。2道独立口语题，4道综合口语，时间为20分钟，每个回答得分是0-4分，分数范围是0-25分。
考查综合语言技能的题目评分以回答的质量、完整性和准确性为依据。考生可以在听音过程中记笔记以帮助答题。在准备和答题时，屏幕上会显示倒计时的时钟。 新托福阅读 新托福阅读有3-5篇文章每篇11-13题，考试时间为60-100分钟，除了篇章应用题之外每道题的分值都是1分应用题每题的分值可能是2分，3分，或4分。 新托福写作 新托福写作有两道题：1道综合写作，约20分钟。1道独立写作，约30分钟。每篇作文按5分计算，取平均分，然后折算成30分对应的分数。 其中一篇类似于老托福的写作，要求考生在30分钟内就某一话题阐述自己的观点，字数要求为300字以上。 另一篇则要求考生首先阅读一篇学术演讲，5分…钟以后，文章隐去，播放一段与文章有关、约为1分半钟的课堂演讲。课堂演讲列举了一些论据反驳文章中的论点、论据。 随后要求考生在20分…钟内写一篇作文，总结课堂演讲的论点、论据，并陈述这些论点、论据是如何反驳文章的论点、论据的，字数要求为150字到225字之间。注意：写作时，文章会重新显示在屏幕上。这篇作文不要求考生阐述自己的观点。 以上就是小编为大家整理的“新托福考试题型介绍”部分内容，更多资料请点击托福资料下载频道! 相关推荐: 托福考试备考小常识下载之副词的形式(巩固篇)
托福阅读十大题型-Artisans and Industrialization
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choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. 数量：1题 难度：很难或者很简单 八、插句题 特征：黑色小方框（■） 数量：1题 难度：较低 策略：要做对 九、归总题 特征：两排六个选项 数量：1题 难度：1分很简单，2分有点难 策略：保1争2 新增题型（参考TPO5）：四选二题型：是细节题的变形 全文归纳题：可以去归总题找答案 第二部分各题型解题技巧串讲 阅读的步骤： 第1步：把动滚动条拉到底再拉到顶 （粗略看一遍文章） 第2步：点review键，做完词汇题（不看原文），同时关注一下是否有选非题（因为与原文 对应的东西很多） 第3步：边看边做阅读，要按顺序做（因为托福阅读，题目顺序和题目对应原文的顺序几乎一致。） PS：阅读的流畅性很重要，如果NO1考Para1 NO2考Para3 那么Para2仍然要看。 PPS：永远先看题后看文 第4步（如何处理一道题目？） 找定位词，定位词越多越好 什么是定位词？ 定位词就是出现并只出现在这道题的词 定位词包括：a.特殊名词 b.大写名词 c.数字词 d.年代词 注：题目中的定位词也可能是文章中某词的变形 第5步：排除选项（一般只能排除2个）
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as well as from thegreat difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process. A Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects largeareas of land and great numbers of people. B Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth that has spread overlarge areas of land. C The spread of deserts is considered a very seriousproblem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countriesare involved in the effort. D Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless thepopulation is reduced in the vast areas affected. 很多托福考生在做句子简化题时，习惯性地把待简化的句子翻译成中文，那样做其实不仅慢，而且很容易乱。 正确的做法是： 1.找出句子的主谓宾，也就是谁做了什么，然后关注句子的逻辑关系。例题的主语是：seriousness of desertification，逻辑关系词是表示原因的：result from，所以我们可以优先看有表示原因的选项，他们中若有正确答案，那么剩下的选项就无需过问了。
【最新】新TOEFL托福iBT阅读题型与解题方法整理
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