2015年考研英语一真题及答案解析

2015年考研英语一真题及答案解析

(1~20/共20题)完形填空

Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is __1__a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__2__.

The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted __3__1,932 unique subjects which __4__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both__5__.

While 1% may seem__6__,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even __7__their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who__8__our kin.”

The study__9__found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,__10__,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more__11__it. There could be many mechanisms working together that __12__us in choosing genetically similar friends__13__”functional Kinship” of being friends with__14__!

One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution__15__than other genes Studying this could help__16__why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major__17__factor.

The findings do not simply explain people’s__18__to befriend those of similar__19__backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to__20__that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.

第1题

A.when

B.why

C.how

D.what

第2题

A.defended

B.concluded

C.withdrawn

D.advised

第3题

A.for

B.with

C.on

D.by

第4题

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/545205933.html,pared

B.sought

C.separated

D.connected

第5题

B.objects

C.samples

D.examples

第6题

A.insignificant

B.unexpected

C.unbelievable

D.incredible

第7题

A.visit

B.miss

C.seek

D.know

第8题

A.resemble

B.influence

C.favor

D.surpass

第9题

A.again

B.also

C.instead

D.thus

第10题

A.Meanwhile

B.Furthermore

C.Likewise

D.Perhaps

第11题

A.about

B.to

C.from

D.like

第12题

A.drive

B.observe

C.confuse

D.limit

第13题

A.according to

B.rather than

C.regardless of

D.along with

A.chances

B.responses

C.missions

D.benefits

第15题

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/545205933.html,ter

B.slower

C.faster

D.earlier

第16题

A.forecast

B.remember

C.understand

D.express

第17题

A.unpredictable

B.contributory

C.controllable

D.disruptive

第18题

A.endeavor

B.decision

C.arrangement

D.tendency

第19题

A.political

B.religious

C.ethnic

D.economic

第20题

A.see

B.show

C.prove

D.tell

下一题

(21~25/共20题)Section ⅡReading

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don’t abdicate, they dare in their sleep.” But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is

seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle?

The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity.

It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’ continuing popularity polarized. And also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.

Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today – embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.

The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.

While Europe’s mona rchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.

It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy’s reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service –as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy’s worst enemies.

第21题

According to the first two Paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/545205933.html,ed turn enjoy high public support

B.was unpopular among European royals

C.cased his relationship with his rivals

D.ended his reign in embarrassment

第22题

Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly

A.owing to their undoubted and respectable status

B.to achieve a balance between tradition and reality

C.to give voter more public figures to look up to

D.due to their everlasting political embodiment

第23题

Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?

A.Aristocrats’ excessive reliance on inherited we alth

B.The role of the nobility in modern democracies

C.The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families

D.The nobility’s adherence to their privileges

第24题

The British royals “have most to fear” because Charles

A.takes a rough line on political issues

B.fails to change his lifestyle as advised

C.takes republicans as his potential allies

D.fails to adapt himself to his future role

第25题

Which of the following is the best title of the text?

A.Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined

B.Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne

C.Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs

D.Charles, Slow to React to the Coming Threats

上一题下一题

(26~30/共20题)Section ⅡReading

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.

California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.

The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.

They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smart phone —a vast storehouse of digital information —is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect’s purse. The court has ruled that police don’t violate the Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one’s smart phone is more like ent ering his or her home. A smart phone may contain an arrestee’s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing,” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.

Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected b y the Constitution’s prohibition on unreasonable searches.

As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn’t ease the challenge of line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through

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2015年考研英语一小作文真题解析 Part A 51. Directions: You are going to hold a club reading session. Write an email of about 100 words recommending a book to the club members. You should state reasons for your recommendation. You should write neatly on the ANWSER SHEET. Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming ” instead. Do not write the address .(10 points) Dear Friends， I am writing to tell you about a fantastic book I have just read, as we always share the same taste of books. The book is called Journey to the West, which tells us a story that four monks conquered multiple handicaps to achieve their final destination. Besides the touching and thrilling plot, the book also features humorous languages, thanks to the talented author. So I recommend it to all of you as one of the favorite books that I have ever read. I am sure you will love it as much as I do. I am looking forward to discussing more with you after you read it. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 说实话，今年英语一的小作文考得有点难，虽然是历年来常考的形式—书信体，但是要求写一封推荐信。比较熟悉的推荐信是推荐一个人，本次作文要求推荐一本书。开头可以直接写明是哪一本书，接下来说明这部电影好在哪里，有什么意义等内容。最后可以说一下相信对方一定会喜欢等内容。 本文的写作难点是：因为读书少了，有的同学可能不知道写什么书名，这就像2010年当年考推荐信推荐电影时一样，当时就有很多考生不会写电影的名字，据说很多考生当时写《2012》，因为名字好写...... 到了推荐书，同学们就根据平时读书的积累了。 本文分为三段：第一段指出写作目的；第二段指出书的内容，可以说书的读者，书的内容和书的特色；最后一段写再次和期待：再次推荐和期待对方阅读。当然，也有不少亮点的句子可以借鉴！ 白岩松在一次演讲中有下列的表述：“有人问我读了多少本书？我说无法回答你一个数字，此时此刻我什么样就可以反过来告诉你我读了多少书，因为它变成了我。最重要的是，读书本身是一种最大的乐趣，不是我的结果让我得到了乐趣。” “现在去中国的书店，最显著的特点是有这样几摞书。第一个是与考试有关的书，第二

2015年考研英语一试题及答案(完美打印版)

2015年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一试题 We have more genes in common with people we pick to be our friends than with strangers. Though not biologically related, friends are as "related" as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is 1 a study publishedfrom the University of California and Yale University in theProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has 2 . The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1932 unique subjects which 4pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both 5. While 1% may seem 6 , it is not so to a geneticist. As co-author of the study James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego says, "Most people do not even 7their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who 8 our kin." The team 9 developed a "friendship score" which can predict who will be your friend based on their genes. The study also found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity. Why this similarity in olfactory genes is difficult to explain, for now. 10, as the team suggests, it draws us 11similar environments but there is more to it. There could be many mechanisms working in tandem that 12us in choosing genetically similar friends 13 "functional kinship" of being friends with 14 ! One of the remarkable findings of the study was that the similar genes seem to be evolving 15 than other genes. Studying this could help 16 why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major 17 factor. The findings do not simply corroborate people's 18to befriend those of similar et 19 backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to 20that all subjects, friends and

2015年考研英语一真题、解析和全文翻译(大师兄版)

[B]journals are strengthening their statistical checks. [C]few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis. [D]lack of data analysis is common in research projects. 32.The phrase“flagged up”(Para.2)is the closest in meaning to______. [A]found[B]revised[C]marked[D]stored 33.Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may______. [A]pose a threat to all its peers[B]meet with strong opposition [C]increase Science’s circulation[D]set an example for other journals 34.David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now______. [A]adds to researchers’workload[B]diminishes the role of reviewers [C]has room for further improvement[D]is to fail in the foreseeable future 35.Which of the following is the best title of the text?______. [A]Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers[B]Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect [C]Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors’Desks[D]Statisticians Are Coming Back with Science Text4 Two years ago,Rupert Murdoch’s daughter,Elisabeth,spoke of the“unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions”.Integrity had collapsed,she argued,because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism”in society should be profit and the market.But“it’s us,human beings,we the people who create the society we want,not profit”. Driving her point home,she continued:“It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose,of a moral language within government,media or business could become one of the most dangerous own goals for capitalism and freedom.”This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International,she thought,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking. As the hacking trial concludes—finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World,Andy Coulson,for conspiring to hack phones,and finding his predecessor,Rebekah Brooks,innocent of the same charge—the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands.Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to5,500people. This is hacking on an industrial scale,as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire,the man hired by the News of the World in2001to be the point person for phone hacking.Others await trial.This long story still unfolds. In many respects,the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place.One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom,how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired how the stories arrived.The core of her successful defense was that she knew nothing. In today’s world,it has become normal that well-paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run.Perhaps we should not be so surprised.For a generation,the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit.The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility,shareholder value,business-friendly,wealth generation,sales,impact and,in newspapers,circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice,fairness,tolerance,proportionality and accountability. The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding,to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity.It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact.Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories,but she asked no questions,gave no instructions—nor received traceable,recorded answers. 36.According to the first two paragraphs,Elisabeth was upset by______. [A]the consequences of the current sorting mechanism [B]companies’financial loss due to immoral practices [C]governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues