专业英语考试复习资料

专业英语考试

一、词汇题，中英互译（每词一分）单词见150词汇。

Streamline（流线型）weld（焊接）

vertical（垂直的）horizontal（水平的）

strust（支架）former（框架）twisting（扭曲）

eliminate（消除）reemerge（再次出现）

Wing attachment point（机翼挂载点）deck（甲板）

cabin（机舱）stainless steel（不锈钢）

truss structure（桁架结构）monocoque（硬壳式结构）semimonocoque（半硬壳式结构）accommodate（适应，容纳）

wheel（轮子）taxiing（滑行）

park（停放）floats（浮板）

crew（船员，乘务员）vacuum（真空）

layout（布局，设计）aluminium（铝）

function（函数，功能）copper（铜）

corrosion（腐蚀）horizontal stabilator（水平全动式尾翼）trim tab（配平调整期）wheel（轮子）

braking（刹车）steer（操作）

thrust（推力）susceptible（易受影响）

corrosion（腐蚀）fiber（纤维）

alloy（合金）tension（张力）

versatile（万能的，多功能的）stiffness（硬度）

rivet（铆钉）bolt（螺栓）

screw（螺丝）nut（螺母，螺帽）

fastener（紧固件）plastic（塑料）

extensive（广泛的）render（补偿）

composite（复合材料）Accommodate（容纳）

drag（拉拽，阻力）collapse（崩溃）

fuselage（机身）winglet（小翼）

rudder（方向舵）elevator（升降舵）

cockpit（座舱）spoiler（扰流片）

aileron（副翼）wing flap（襟翼）

stringer（桁条）spar（翼梁，翼墙）

rib（翼肋）fuel tank（邮箱）

wing tip（翼尖）power plant（发动机，动力装置）bulkhead（隔板）skin（蒙皮）

propeller（螺旋桨）engine（引擎）

include（包含）primary（主要的）

instrument（工具，仪表）pilot（飞行员）

passenger（乘客）undertaken（同意）

airfoil（机翼）extent（程度）

structure（结构）static（静态的）

dynamic（动态的）substantial（大量的，实质的）generation（产生）aviation（航空）

astronautics（航天）aerospace（航天）

aeronautical（航空的）aeronautics（航空）

Magnus effect（马格努斯效应）Bernoulli’s principle（伯努利原理）gravitation（引力）adopt（采用）

postulate（假定）insight（眼光）

contemporary（当代的）aircraft（飞机，飞行器）

diversity（多样性）various（多种多样的）quantitative（定量的）qualitative（定性的）

envelope（包裹，外壳）fluid（液体）

feet（英尺）altitude（高度）

altimeter（高度计）exert（施加，运用，发挥）reference（参考，引用）adjustment（调整）

acceleration（加速度）mass（质量）

opposite（相反的）blast（爆炸）

identical（相同的，相等的）viscosity（粘度）

friction（摩擦）tendency（趋势）

adhere（附着）rough（粗糙）

drag（拖拽）incline（使倾斜，斜坡）potential（潜在的）apply（应用）

application（应用）major（主要的）

attribute（把…归于，认为…是）gain（获得，增益）manufacture（制造）eventually（最终）

beverage can（易拉罐）attach（连接，粘上）substructure（基础）central（中心的）

formulation（结构，公式）identification（鉴定）administrate（管理，支配）acknowledgement（承认，鸣谢）airship（飞艇）kite（风筝）

accuracy（精确性）accordance（一致）

academy（学院，学会）additional（另外的，附加的）admit（承认，允许）contribute（贡献）

attain（获得，达到）integrate（集成，合并）proportion（比例，部分）resume（恢复，重新开始）Newton’s basic laws of motion（牛顿基础动力学定律）

horizontal stabilizer（水平尾翼，水平安定面）

二、图标题，选词填空（1）图一：

（2）图二：

（3）图三：

三、英译中

As shown in [Figure 1-4], at point “A," a stagnation point exists where the air stream impacts(impinges) on the front of the airfoil and splits; some air goes over, and some under. Another stagnation point exists at “B," where the two airstreams rejoin and resume at identical velocities. When viewed from the side, an up wash is created ahead of the airfoil and a downwash at the rear. In the case of Figure 1-4, the highest velocity is at the top of the airfoil, and the lowest velocity at the bottom. Because these velocities are associated with an object (in this case, an airfoil), they are called local velocities as they do not exist outside the lift-producing system. This concept can be readily applied to a wing or other lifting surface. Because there is a difference of velocity above and below the wing, the result is a higher pressure below the wing and a lower pressure above the wing. This pressure difference produces an upward force known as the Magnus Effect, the physical phenomenon whereby an object's rotation affects its path through a fluid.

翻译：

如图1-4所示，在A点，这里有个停滞点，气流在这里撞上机翼的前表面并分开；一些空气向上，一些空气向下。另一个驻点存在于“B”，两股气流在这里重新结合，以相同的速度重新开始流动。从侧面观察，机翼头部产生了升力而在尾部有向下的力。在图1-4的情况下，气流在翼面的上部速度最快且底部的速度最小。因为这些速度都和研究的物体有关，并不是在升力系统之外独立存在，所以叫作局部速度。可以很容易将这个概念应用到机翼或其他升力面。因为在机翼的上、下表面气流速度不同，这就导致了机翼下表面压力大，而上表面压力小这个压力差产生一个向上的力的物理现象，被称为马格努斯效应，即一个物体的旋转会影响流过它的气体的路径。

（2）In this construction method, the lengths of tubing, called longerons, are welded in place to form a well-braced framework.

翻译：在这种构造方法中，沿管子的长度方向，叫作纵梁，是靠焊接到位，并形成一个好的支撑框架。

（3）Additional struts are needed to resist the stress that can come from any direction.

翻译：其他的框架需要抵制来自任意方向的压力。

（4）Stringers and bulkheads or formers, are added to shape the fuselage and support the covering. As technology progressed, aircraft designers began to enclose the truss members to streamline the airplane and improve performance. This was originally accomplished with cloth fabric, which eventually gave way to lightweight metals such as aluminum. In some cases, ,the outside skin can support all or a major portion of the flight loads. Most modern aircrafts use a form of this stressed skin structure known as monocoque or semimonocoque construction.

翻译：纵梁、舱壁和框架，共同构成机身并被用来支撑覆盖物。随着技术进步，飞行器设计人员开始把桁架单元围起来，使飞机成为流线型的飞机，以改进性能。在最初是使用布料织物来实现的，最终让位于轻金属，比如铝。在某些情况下，外壳可以支持所有或者主要部分的飞行载荷。大多数现代飞机使用被称为硬壳式或半硬壳式的结构。

(5) Monocoque construction uses stressed skin to support almost all loads much like an aluminum beverage can. Although very strong, monocoque construction is not highly tolerant to the deformation of the surface. For example, an aluminum beverage can support considerable forces the ends of the can, but if the side of the can is deformed slightly while supporting a load, it collapses easily. Because most twisting and b?nding stresses are carried by the external skin rather than by an open framework, the need for internal bracing was eliminated or reduced, saving weight and maximizing space. Although employed in the early aviation period, monocoque construction would not reemerge for several decades due to the complexities involved. Every day examples of monocoque construction can be found in automobile manufacturing where the unibody is considered standard in manufacturing.

翻译：硬壳构造设计使用加强的外壳，以支持几乎全部的载荷。这种结构非常结实，但是表面不能有凹痕或者变形。这种特性可以很容易地通过-一个铝的饮料罐来演示。你可以对饮料罐的两头施加相当的力量，而罐子不受什么损坏。然而，如果罐壁上只有一点凹痕，那么这个罐子就很容易被扭曲变形。因为大部分的扭曲和弯曲应力是靠外壳而不是框架来减小或者消除的，所以对内部支撑的需求就会减少。这样就可以减少重量，增大内部空间。虽然早期的航空设计中就采用了硬壳式结构，但是由于其复杂性，往后的几十年就再也没出现过。在汽车制造业中，可以看到硬壳式结构的例子。这种结构在生产过程中被视为是标准化的。

四、中译英

（1）Newton`s First Law: “Every object persists in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless it is compelled to change that state by forces impressed on it. ”

"牛顿第一定律：“一个静止的物体有维持其静止状态的特性，而运动的物体有维持其原有速度和方向的特性。”

（2）Newton`s Second Law: “Force is equal to the change in momentum per change in time. For a constant mass, force equals mass times acceleration。”

牛顿第二定律：“力等于动量随时间的变化率。对于恒定的质量，力等于质量乘以加速度。

（3）Newton`s Third Law: “for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.”

牛顿第三定律：“无论何时一个物体对另一个物体施加力量，那么另一个物体也会对这个物体施加力量，这两个力大小是相等的，而方向是相反的。”

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bar graph n.条形图 equalization n.均衡化;均等 image contrast n.图像对比度 addition n.加 subtraction n.减 lapse v.流逝, 失效, 下降 time-lapsed (时间上)相继的 matrix n.矩阵 motion n.运动, 动作v.运动 dimension n.维数 convolution n.回旋, 盘旋, 卷积boundary n.边界, 分界线 blur v.涂污, 污损, 使……模糊, sharp adj.锐利的, 锋利的, 明显的 locate v.定位, 位于 spectra n.范围, 光谱 spectrum n.光谱, 频谱 phase spectrum相位频谱 magnitude spectrum幅度频谱 facsimile n. 传真,摹写,影印 lossless compression（压缩）无损压缩lossy compression 有损压缩irretrievably adv.不能挽回地, 不能补救地CT (computed tomography) 计算机断层造影 MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging ) 核磁共振成像 DCT (discrete cosine transform)离散余弦变换 run-length encoding行程编码 Huffman encoding霍夫曼编码 Image contrast图像对比度Edge filter边缘滤波Edge detection边缘检测Object recognition目标识别 Run-length encoding行程编码Huffman encoding哈夫曼编码Pixel 像素 Gray scale image 灰度图像Gray scale level灰度级Histogram 直方图 Bar graph条形图Histogram equalization直方图均衡encryption program 加密程序deletion command 删除命令authorized user 授权的用户backup copy 备份的副本voltage surge 电涌，浪涌电压circuit breaker 断路器 electronic component 电子器件 data-entry error 数据输入错误electronic break-in 电路中断 power line 电力线，输电线EC:Electronic Commerce 电子商务Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)电子数据交换 Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT)电子资金转账 embedded system 嵌入式系统 radio frequency 射频 schematic原理图 capture记录,输入 building block模块,构件 EDA (Electronic Design Automation)电子设计自动化 HDL: Hardware Description Language 硬件描述语言 Full-custom IC（全定制集成电路）

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