【最新】2018-2019年人教版新课标高考英语语法专题复习Word完整版

语法专题（附参考答案）

专题一冠词

I、重点难点解析

冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义

历年高考试题对冠词的考查涉及到冠词的位置、不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词及固定搭配中的冠词等各个方面。下面我们以表格的形式对前四个方面进行总结，

1. 冠词的位置

2.不定冠词

3. 定冠词

4. 零冠词

5. 英语中含有冠词的词组辩析

英语中有不少词组，从形式看好象只有冠词之差，而实际上却是意义完全不同的新词组。

1. in front of 在……（外）的前面; in the front of 在……（内）的前面

There’s a garden in front of the classroom.

There’s a blackboard in the front of the classroom.

2. in charge of 掌管；负责; in the charge of 在……负责之下

An experienced worker is in charge of the project.

The project is in the charge of an experienced worker.

3. at table 在用饭；吃饭时; at the table 在桌旁

He seldom talks at table.

They sat at the table, talking and laughing.

4. by day 白天；日间; by the day 按日计

He works in an office by day.

Cleaning women in big cities get paid by the day.

5. take place 发生；举行; take the place 代替；接替

When did this conversation take place?

Electric train has now taken the place of steam trains in England.

6. in words 用言语; in a word 总之

Please express your thought in words.

In a word, I don’t trust you.

7. at times 有时；不时; at a time 一次

I do feel a little nervous at times.

Pass me the bricks two at a time.

8. little 少；不多的; a little 一些；一点点

Hurry up, there’s little time left.

Don’t hurry, you still have a little time.

9. few 很少；几乎没有的; a few 有些；几个

He is a man of few words.

Only a few of the children can read.

10.a most interesting 非常有趣的; the most interesting 最有趣的（形容词的最高级）

This is a most interesting story.

This is the most interesting story of the three.

11.a doctor and nurse 一位医生兼护士; a doctor and a nurse 一位医生和一位护士

A doctor and nurse is standing there.

A doctor and a nurse are standing there.

12.A number of 许多；好些; the number of …（的）数目

A number of students are in the classroom.

The number of students in the classroom is forty.

II、实战演练

（一）．用适当的冠词填空，不需要的划“\”.

1.---Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?

---Sorry, wrong number. There isn't______ Mr. Smith here.

2. I know you don't like _______ music very much. But what do you think of _______ music in the film we saw yesterday?

3. --- I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over ______ keyboard.

--- You shouldn't put drinks near ________ computer.

4. Of all _______ reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father's advice was _______ most important one.

5. According to _________World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent _________ spread of AIDS.

6.. For him ____ stage is just ___ means of making a living.

7. I think it really _______ honor for me to speak here..

8. This lab used to be in _______ charge of Mr. Wang.

9 I know there is ______ Mr. Smith next door, who has gone on ________ business.

10 He devotes most of his time to _______ football. And I am sure he promises ________ excellent footballer.

11 Don’t lose heart. Pleas e have ______ second try.

12 Those who are rich should help ______ poor.

13 When stealing the thief was caught by ______ arm by a policeman.

14 In some factories workers get paid by ______ piece.

15 It is a bad habit to go to work without ______ breakfast.

16 John is _______ university student from ______ European country.

17 Teachers play _______ active and important part in building up students’ character.

18 _______ Zhangs live on the second floor.

19 Cotton is grown in _______ north of China.

20 It is known to us all that _______ light travels faster than _______ sound.

21 A tower is seen in _______ distance.

22In case of fire please press _______ red button.

23 Shenzhen has ________ population of more than 10 million.

24_______ days I spent with Catherine in Beijing were so wonderful.

25A bullet hit the solider and he was wounded in ______ leg.

26He loved writing and his first novel was ______ great success when it came out.

27 My brother was born in _______ spring of 1990.

28 Mr. Smith is ______ most learned scholar and you can turn to him for help.

29 How sweetly she sings! I have never heard _______ better voice.

30 Beijing is ______ second largest city in China.

31 My trip to Tibet was really ________ unforgettable experience.

32 This watch is _______ 18th century watch, which has been passed down from my great grandpa.

（二）语法填空

在括号中填入适当的冠词

There once was a king who offered 1 prize to 2 artist who would paint 3 best picture of peace. Many artist tried. The king looked at all 4 pictures. But there were only two he really liked, and he had to choose between them.

One picture was of a calm lake. The lake was a perfect mirror for peaceful high mountains all around it. Overhead was a blue sky with fluffy white clouds. All who saw this picture thought it was 5 perfect picture of peace.

The other picture had mountains, too. But these were rugged and bare. Above was 6 angry sky, from which rain fell and in which lightning played. Down 7 side of the mountain tumbled(翻腾) a foaming(水泡) waterfall. This did not look peaceful at all.

But when the king looked closely, he saw behind 8 waterfall a tiny bush growing in a crack in the rock. In the bush 9 mother bird had built her nest. There, in the midst of the rush of angry water, sat the mother bird on her nest-in perfect peace.

The king chose 10 second picture.

答案：I 1 a 2 /; the 3 the; a 4. the; the 5 the; the 6 the; a 7 an 8 the 9 a; / 10 /; an

11 a 12 the 13 the 14 the 15 the 16 a; a 17 an 18 The 19 the 20 /; / 21 the 22the 23 a 24

The 25 the 26a 27the 28a 29a 30 the 31 an 32 an

II 1 a 2 the 3 the 4. the 5 a 6 an 7 the 8 the 9 a 10. the

专题二名词

I、重点难点解析

名词的高考命题导向

名词的“可数”与“不可数”是高考命题的热点之一。不可数名词前不能与不定冠词连用，之后不能＋s。有些抽象名词却有复数形式，但意义与原来的不同。有些可数名词复数有两个意思，一个与单数意义相同，另一个和单数含义不同，高考中这些含义很可能成为考查的内容。词语的固定搭配及名词作定语也是高考命题的注意点。

一名词的分类及常见用法

二名词其他需要注意的几点：

1．名词的数

1）复合名词变为复数的规则

有主体名词的复数形式（lookers-on，passers-by等）和无主体名词的复数形式（grown-ups，go-betweens等）。2）集体名词的数

①有些集体名词只能用作复数。如：cattle，police，people等。

注意：people意为“民族；种族”时有单、复数形式。

②有些集体名词只能用作单数。如：machinery，furniture，jewellery，mankind等。

③有些集体名词作为整体看待时，用作单数；指其中各个成员时，用作复数。如：class

family，couple，audience，government，public等。

The whole family are watching TV now．全家人现在都在看电视。

His family is a big one．他家是个大家族。

3）只能用复数形式的名词

由两部分构成的名词：glasses，trousers, shorts，scissors，gloves，scales，compasses等。

4）the +姓氏的复数，表全家人: the Blacks, the Wangs

5）具有双重特性的名词

(1)意义不同的可数和不可数名词

a room房间一room空间a chicken鸡一chicken鸡肉

an experience经历一experience经验an agreement协议一agreement同意

(2)单、复数意思不同的名词

arm手臂一arms武器brain脑一brains智力custom风俗一customs海关

force力量一forces军队regard注意,关心一regards问候time时间一times时代

work工作一works作品,工厂manner态度一manners礼貌spirit精神一spirits心情,情绪

content内容一contents目录loss损失一losses损失物condition状况一conditions条件

expression表达一expressions短语feeling感觉一feelings感情wood木头一woods树林

2．名词的所有格

1）表示两者或两者以上共同所有，在最后一个词的后面加’s；表示各自拥有时，每个名词后都要+s”。如Li and Ma’s room李和马共有的房间; Li’s and Ma’s rooms李和马各自的房间

2）表某人家或店铺，诊所。如：Li’s李家，the doctor’s诊所；the barber’s理发店

3）所有格除了用于有生命的物体外，也可以用于表示国家、城市等的名词。如：

China's prosperity中国的繁荣the country's plan国家计划

4）of所有格也可用于有生命的物体，用于名词较长或名词的定语较长时。

如：a story of a famous doctor一个名医的故事

the son of the man you iust talked to刚刚和你说话的那个男人的儿子

5）双重所有格

“of +名词的’s所有格或名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格。of后的宾

语必须是人，而且是特指。如：

an old friend of my uncle's我叔叔的一个老朋友

a play of Shakespeare's莎士比亚的一部戏剧

some houses of my grandfather's我爷爷的一些房子

3．名词作定语

1）一般用单数形式。如：country music乡村音乐shoe shops鞋店traffic lights交通灯

注意：sports，customs，arms，clothes，sales, goods作定语时，要用复数形式。如：

sports meeting运动会customs officiers海关官员arms production武器生产

2）man和woman作定语时，与中心词一起变。如：

men doctors男医生women teachers女老师

II、实战演练

一、用适当的词或所给词的正确形式填空：

1. There are fifty-six __________________ (people) in China.

2. We need much ______________ (room) for all the furniture.

3. This kind of dress was popular in the ___________________ (1980)

4. ______________ (girl) students and _________________ (woman) teachers are in the majority in our school.

5. There used to be a lot of milu ______________ (deer) in China.

6. These are art _______________ (work) of the Tang Dynasty.

7. _____________ (child) shoes are on the second floor of this store department.

8. We can see many _________________ (editor-in-chief) present at the conference.

9. I had my hair cut short at the _____________ (barber) nearby yesterday.

10. On the whole, he was a ______________ (fail) in his life.

11. Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a _______ of exercise .

12. Now more and more people prefer to have a ______________ at home---a little dog, a cat or some other animals.

13. My parents always let me have my own __________ of living.

14. We volunteered to collect money to help the _____________ of the earthquake.

15. We all know that _______________ speak louder than words.

答案：1. peoples 2. room 3. 1980s/1980’s 4. Girl, women 5. deer 6 works 7.Children’s 8. editors-in-chief 9.

barber’s 10. failure11. lack 12. pet 13. way 14.victims 15. actions

二语法填空

Charles Pink was a young 1 (Canada) who had a good house and he knew how to enjoy himself. Every Saturday, he went to the theatre and 2 (party). His car was one of the best in his city. He had lots of money and one day bought 3 plane. He learned to fly and flying became one of his main 4 (enjoy).

One day about thirty 5 (yearly) ago, he set off in his small plane on a trip across 6 (Mexican). At first everything went well, but when he was over the part of the country 7 engine of the little machine failed.

Fortunately, Pink was flying at a good 8 (high) when the bad thing happened, and he had time to find a place to land. Below him he could see a number of 9 (field) which looked nice enough to land on, and he managed to bring his machine down on one of 10 .

答案：1. Canadian 2. parties 3. a 4. enjoyments 5. years 6. Mexico 7. the 8. height 9. fields 10. them

三、完形填空

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21-30各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Do some FL (Foreign Language) reading every day and try to finish one FL book at least every week. You are no doubt 21 with little spare time, and this may sound unrealistic. But if you read in the 22 described, it is perfectly possible. The key is to be honest with yourself about 23 you really enjoy: thrillers, women's magazines, newspapers---it really doesn't matter what you read as 24 as it genuinely interests you, because that is the only certain way to make yourself read. It is 25 to reach good speeds by practising on material that is difficult or dull. If you pursue this program for only few months, you should achieve a very marked increase in your reading 26 . What you do with your FL reading skill when you have developed it is to study for a further qualification. The 27 is that in order to develop the 28 , a great deal of practice on easy interesting materials is essential. If you can 29 this to yourself by developing your own reading skill by this method, your teaching will carry the certainty that comes only from 30 .

21. A. bored B. helpless C. free D. busy

22. A. key B. problem C. way D. job

23. A. which B. when C. who D. what

24. A. much B. good C. long D. well

25. A. impossible B. possible C. necessary D. easy

26. A. efficiency B. effects C. method D. capacity

27. A. question B. point C. idea D. problem

28. A. habit B. idea C. skill D. task

29. A. realize B. tell C. improve D. prove

30. A. work B. experience C. theory D. doing

21-30 DCDCA ABCDB

专题三代词

I、重点难点解析

代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中

一人称代词的用法

1 作主语，用主格。作宾语用宾格。She teaches us English.

2 在句中作表语，常用宾格。Who is it? It’s me. 但有时用主格。

If I were she, I would’t go there.

It was I who told him about it.

二物主代词的用法

1．形容词性物主代词——只作定语：

This is our classroom. His father is an engineer.

2

①英语中必须有形容词性物主代词，而汉语中往往省略不译。如：

Jack took off his coat and went to bed.

杰克脱掉外套就上床睡觉了。

② “of + 名词性物主代词”可用作定语。如：

Some friends of mine will attend my birthday party.

我的一些朋友要出席我的生日晚宴。

三反身代词

四指示代词的用法

1.时空的差别e.g. There is this seat here, near me, or there is that one in the fourth row. Which will you have, this or that？

2. This 和that 在行文叙述上的差别。E.g.

I shall say this to you: he is a poor man.

He was ill. That’s why he didn’t come.

3.that 和those 用于表比较的结构。

The weather of Zhanjiang is better than that of my hometown.

TV sets made in Nanjing are better than those made here.

4. 打电话时this 表示我,that表示你.

1．none, no one, nothing 的用法区别

1）none 既可指人，也可指物，且一定是特指概念，常用来回答how many /much 引导的疑问句；no one 只能指人，且只能是泛指概念，常用来回答who 引导的疑问句；nothing “什么也没有”，否定一切，常用来回答what 引导的疑问句。如：

— How many people are there in the room now ?

— None.

— Who is in the room ?

— No one / nobody

2) none 后面可加of 引导的介词短语，而something / anything / everything / nothing; someone / anyone / everyone / no one 却不能。

2. each 和every

1) each 强调“个体”，起代词和形容词作用；every 强调“全体”，只能作定语。Each 作同位语时，不影响谓语动词的数，不可用not each 来表示部分否定，而not every 表示部分否定。如：

The tickets each cost ten dollars.

这些票每张十美元。（each 作同位语，不能用costs）

2) every 还可表示“每……的；每……中的”，如下列说法中只能用every。

every year or two 每一两年

every now and then 时常

every other day 每隔一天

Choose one out of every ten boys. 每十个男孩中选一个。

one car to every 20 people 每20人乘一辆车

4．Both, all, either, any, neither, none 的用法

如：

1) I had to buy all these books because I didn’t know which one was the best.

2) It is easy to do the repair. All you need is a hammer and some nails.

3) I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but neither of them came.

4) — Which of the three ways shall take to the village ?

— Any way as you please.

5) We had three sets of the garden tools and we seemed to have no use for any.

5.one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those

one 用来替代前面出现的单数名词，是泛指概念相当于a/an +单数名词；ones用来替代前面出现的复数名词，有时可用that 代替（尤其在有后置定语的情况下）。The ones 用来代替前面的特指的复数名词，有时可用those代替（尤其在有后置定语的情况下）。that 用来替代前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不可数名词，相当于the +单数/不可数名词。如：

Mr. Zhang gave me a very valuable present, one ( = a present ) that I have never seen.

Mr. Zhang gave me many valuable presents, ones ( = many presents ) that I have never seen.

The book on the desk is better than that / the one under the desk.

The books on the desk are better than those / the ones under the desk.