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Cytec_PC Defoamers Global Product Guide

PC Defoamers

Defoaming Technology for Synthetic and Petroleum Fluids, Oils and Lubricants

GLOBAL PrOduct Guide –Properties and uses

From defining more efficient processes for mining customers to developing new additives for polymer-based alternatives to wood and metals, the product lines of Cytec Specialty Chemicals are unified in their dedication to customer-driven innovation.

Working closely with our customers, we develop revolutionary technologies that enable them to improve performance and productivity, enter new markets, and refine new applications. How to improve mine profitability or coatings efficiency in the face of important environmental concerns? How to develop polymers that really stand up to UV light? How to use phosphines to create better, safer biocides and fumigants for agriculture? Our technology and sales teams work on-site with customers every day to address today’s business challenges and troubleshoot tomorrow’s.

The applications are diverse, but the commitment

is uniform: finding better solutions for customers through continual research, ongoing collaboration and a passion for innovation.

An Expansive Portfolio

Cytec Specialty Chemicals is a complete solution provider for customers requiring high-value surface technologies in industries that include industrial coatings, automotive, architectural, wood and paper, graphics, adhesives and opto-electronics.

We offer our customers advanced and diverse products and technologies for surfaces with an emphasis on environmentally friendly products such as UV/EB curable resins and additives, powder coating resins and additives, as well as waterborne and solventborne liquid coatings resins and additives. We are committed to working with our customers to develop environmentally advanced solutions and we are dedicated to open communication concerning the safe handling, distribution, use and disposal of the products we make.A Focus on Customer Satisfaction

Cytec Specialty Chemicals operates a globally integrated set of order fulfillment IT systems and processes. All Spec Chem personnel in the order fulfillment processes are dedicated to delivering customer satisfaction through reliable and cost-effective supply of product to our customers. Cytec Spec Chem has specialized personnel in Customer Service, Procurement, Manufacturing, Planning and Logistics to achieve this goal. In addition to timely and accurate order fulfillment, there is an equally important focus on maintaining safety and protecting the environment at all steps in the process, from the procurement of raw materials to the delivery of finished goods to the customer’s door. Dedication to Operational Excellence Cytec’s Spec Chem Manufacturing Organization operates globally to provide superior service to our customers in all regions. Our vision of operational excellence brings value to our customers through ongoing, continuous improvement initiatives, in-cluding Lean Manufacturing, Six Sigma Principles, and Best Practice Engineering. Our value proposition is driven by excellence in our Safety, Environmental, Quality Systems and Employee Development Pro-grams. We are structured by business technology, which enables our sites to work transparently with

R&D, Customer Service and the Businesses, to share best practices across common processes. We also are able to gain leverage from overall global manufacturing synergies to most efficiently meet customer needs. Key Product Lines

■ Liquid Coating Resins and Additives

■ Mining Chemicals

■ Phosphine and Phosphorus Specialties

■ Polymer Additives

■ Powder Coating Resins and Additives

■ Pressure Sensitive Adhesives

■ RADCURE* UV/EB

■ Specialty Additives

■ Specialty Urethanes

* Registered Trademark or Trademark

Key Words and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Products, Properties, Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-4 Performance and Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-7 Test Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Contact Us . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Back Cover

Cytec PC defoamers effectively reduce or prevent foam formation in non-aqueous organic systems such as lubricants and oils. These petro-chemical (PC) and synthetic lubricant defoamers are available in two convenient forms: a 40% active solution in a hydrocarbon solvent (PC 1244*, PC 1644*, PC 1844*, and PC 2544*) and as a viscous liquid which is 100% active (PC 1344*).

All are silicone-free. As received, they are stable during prolonged storage of four years or more. The physical properties for the PC defoamers are included in the chart “PC Defoamers for Oils and Lubricants” on the next page. For specific properties of these products, please refer to their data sheets.

PC defoamers effectively defoam both synthetic and petroleum systems due to their surface active nature and limited compatibility. In order to effectively prevent foam formation and quickly break any foam that has formed, the defoamers exhibit a surface tension that is lower than the surrounding fluid, lubricant or oils. The optimum particle size, to ensure efficient product perfor-mance and long-term stability in a formulated oil, is 1 to 10 microns.

Due to the differential in surface tension between the defoamer and the fluids, oils or lubricants, the defoamer particles migrate to the surface to prevent foam formation. As materials flow from areas of low-surface tension to high-surface tension, fluid will flow away from the defoamer particle. A thinning of the bubble wall occurs until pressure differences become great enough to cause a rupture of the lamella of the air bubble. See Figure 1 below.

Figure 1: Foam Bubble Formation and Rupture in Presence of Foam Inhibitor

surrounded by defoamer droplets.

at interface.

Defoamer spreads along and thins

bubble wall.

Close-up of defoamer with bubble.Defoamer thins and ruptures bubble wall. * Registered Trademark or Trademark

PC Defoamers for Oils and Lubricants

* Registered Trademark or Trademark

Other Potential Applications

? Heat Exchange Fluids ? Used Oxidized Oils ? Reactor Coolants ? Oil Refining

? Solvent Recovery and Dehydration ? Low Temperature Distillations

? Bio-Based or Renewable Energy Feedstocks

Advantages of PC Defoamers

? Effectiveness over long shelf life ? Will not stabilize foam like silicones ? Broad effectiveness over range of fluids and lubricants ? Easy to incorporate

? Will not stabilize entrained air ? Stable at high temperatures

Not readily absorbed onto filter media

Effect of PC Defoamer Incorporation in SAE 50 Oil, 200 ppm FOD

7006005004003002001000

Control PC 1244* PC 1244* PC 1644* PC 1644* dissolving dissolving mixture/blender mixture/ blender

F o a m h e i g h t (m L

)

Turbine Oil (ISO 32)

Foam Stability, PC 1644* Defoamer

250200150100500

T i m e (s e c o n d s )

Turbine Oil (ISO 32)

Performance, PC 1644* Defoamer

400350300250200150100500

F o a m h e i g h t (m L )

Turbine and Hydraulic Oils

Sequence III Performance, PC 1644* Defoamer

450400350300250200150100

500

100150

200

ppm

F o a m h e i g h t (m L )

Turbine Oil (ISO 150)Performance

302520151050

ppm

F o a m h e i g h t (m L )

Turbine Oil

Sequence III Performance

900

800

7006005004003002001000

100ppm

F o a m h e i g h t (m L )

020

6080

ppm

4060

ppm

* Registered Trademark or Trademark

Synthetic Oil, PAO Type

Foam Stability (initial), 500 ppm FOD

8007006005004003002001000

F o a m H e i g h t (m L )

Control

PC 1644*

PC 2544*^Synthetic Oil, PAO Type

Foam Stability (after 5 minutes), 500 ppm FOD

7006005004003002001000

F o a m H e i g h t (m L )

Control

PC 1644*^

PC 2544*^Synthetic Oil, PAO Type Performance, 500 ppm FOD

350300250200150100500

T i m e (s e c o n d s )

Control

PC 1644*

PC 2544*^Heavy-Duty Crankcase Oil

50°C, 300 mBar, Foam Stability

1400120010008006004002000

Control Silicone I Silicone II PC 1844* PC 1644*/ 12.5 ppm 25 ppm 100 ppm PC 1844* 50 ppm

T i m e (s e c o n d s )Heavy-Duty Diesel Crankcase Oil

10009008007006005004003002001000

F o a m h e i g h t (m L )

PC 1644*PC 1844*PC 1644*/Control Silicone

300 ppm

200 ppm

PC 1844*300/200 ppm

Heavy-Duty Diesel Crankcase Oil Performance, 200 ppm FOD

350300250200150100500

F o a m H e i g h t (m L )

Control

Silicone

PC 1644*^PC 1844*^PC 1644*/

PC 1844*^

* Registered Trademark or Trademark

^ Very Low/No Foaming Activity

Blank

PC 1644*^

PC 2544*^ATF

Foam Stability, 125 ppm FOD

350300250200150100500

T i m e (s e c o n d s )

Control

PC 1644*

PC 2544*

ATF

Performance, 125 ppm FOD

6005004003002001000

Control

PC 1644*

PC 2544

F o a m H e i g h t (m L )

Gear Oil

Performance, 50 ppm FOD

400350300250200150100500

T i m e (s e c o n d s )

Gear Oil

Foam Stability, 50 ppm FOD

350300250200150100500

F o a m H e i g h t (m L )

Control

PC 1644*^

PC 2544*^Industrial Oil

Foam Stability, 75 ppm FOD

250200150100500

T i m e (s e c o n d s )

Control

PC 1644*^

PC 2544*^Industrial Oil

Performance, 75 ppm FOD

350300250200150100500

F o a m H e i g h t (m L )

Control

PC 1644*^

PC 2544*^* Registered Trademark or Trademark ^ Very Low/No Foaming Activity

Foam testing is conducted to determine the characteristics of an oil at specified temperatures.

Prior to mixing into the test oil, the defoamer solution is reduced to a 2% concentration in a petroleum solvent or light oil. The diluted defoamer solution is dispersed into the test oil via hand shaking vigorously for three minutes. Unless specified, Option A* is not run.

The testing conducted in this bulletin is based on ASTM D892, ASTM D6082 and ASTM

D3427. Foam tendency and stability at various temperatures are determined using a modified version of ASTM D892 and ASTM D6082. Air release values are determined using the Impinger Method based on ASTM D3427.The temperatures and air flow rates run in the modified ASTM D892 and ASTM D6082 foam tests are shown in the table below. Sequences I, II and III (ASTM D892) are run on all industrial and automotive oils. Sequence IV (ASTM D6082) is typically run on crankcase and transmission oils requiring this specification. The volume of foam and the time for complete foam collapse are recorded.

Standard Defoaming Test ASTM D892

ASTM D3427 is run to determine the tendency of the oil to entrain air and also its ability to release entrained air. Compressed air is blown through the test oil which has been heated to a temperature of 25°C, 50°C or 75°C depending on the viscosity of the oil. After the oil flow has been stopped, the time required for the entrained air in the oil to reduce in volume to 0.2% is recorded as the air bubble separation time.

* O ption A is a different dispersion method for defoamers in lubricants that involves a high-speed blending from 18°C - 32°C (65°F - 90°F) at maximum speed for one minute.

* Registered Trademark or Trademark

Cytec Surface Specialties Inc. North America

1950 Lake Park Drive Smyrna, GA 30080 USA

Tel.: 1 800 433 2873 (USA)

Fax: +1 678 255 4746 (Outside USA) customerservicena@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/586042484.html, Technical Service

Tel.: +1 678 255 4725

Fax: +1 678 255 4755Cytec Surface Specialties SA/NV

Europe

Erasmus Office Park

Square Marie Curie 11

B-1070 Brussels

Belgium

Tel.: ++32 2 560 45 11

Fax: ++32 2 560 45 21

surfsspec@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/586042484.html,

Cytec Surface Specialties

(Shanghai) Co Ltd Asia

Asia Pacific/China

11D Junyao International Plaza

No. 789, Zhao Jia Bang Road

Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032

Tel.: +86 21 64228920

Fax: +86 21 64228980

china@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/586042484.html,

Global Product Referral

Tel.: 1 800 652 6013 (USA) Tel.: +1 973 357 3193 (Outside USA) custinfo@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/586042484.html, Technical Service

Europe

Cytec Surface Specialties Austria

Leechgasse, 21, A-8010

Graz, Austria

Tel.: +1 43 50 399 1400

Fax: +1 43 50 399 5014

Technical Service

Thailand

Surface Specialties (Thailand) Ltd

888 Moo 8, Theparak Road,

Samrong Nuae

Amphur Muang,

Samut Prakarn 10270

Thailand

Tel.: +66 (0)2 753 0922

Fax: +66 (0)2 384 5892

Trademark Notice:

The ? indicates a Registered Trademark in the United States and the ? or * indicates a Trademark in the United States. The mark may also be registered, the subject of an application for registration, or a trademark in other countries.

Notice: Cytec Industries Inc. in its own name and on behalf of its affiliated companies (collectively, “Cytec”) decline any liability with respect to the use made by anyone of the information contained herein. The information contained herein represents Cytec’s best knowledge thereon without constituting any express or implied guarantee or warranty of any kind (including, but not limited to, regarding the accuracy, the completeness or relevance of the data set out herein). Cytec is the sole owner or authorized user of the intellectual property rights relating to the information communicated. The information relating to the use of the products is given for information purposes only. No guarantee or warranty is provided that the product is adapted for any specific use. The user or purchaser should perform its own tests to determine the suitability for a particular purpose. The final choice of use of a product remains the sole responsibility of the user.

Pub. No. 250189, Version E–WW

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