考博英语样题

I Vocabulary （10%）

For each of the following sentences there are four choices. Choose the best one to complete the sentence.

1. The directions were so ____ that it was impossible to complete the assignment.

A) ingenious B) ambitious C) notorious D) ambiguous

2. Our ________ host always enjoys having friends to share his Lucullan suppers.

A) cursive B)martial C) fractious D) convivial

3. Recently a number of cases have been reported of young children ____a violent act previously seen on television.

A) modifying B) stimulating C) accelerating D) duplicating

4. This kind of material can _____heat and moisture.

A) delete B) compel C) repel D) constrain

5. The damage to his car was ____; therefore, he could repair it himself.

A) considerable B) appreciable C) negligible D) invisible

6. The ____of a cultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some phy sical aspect in the life style of the people.

A) implementation B) expedition C) demonstration D) manifestation

7. One of the responsibilities of the Coast guard is to make sure that all ships ____ ___ follow traffic rules in busy harbors.

A) cautiously B) dutifully C) faithfully D) skillfully

8. The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all Indians bu t seems to be _______ the welfare of his animals.

A) critical about B) indignant at C) indifferent to D) subject to

9. The chairman of the board _______ on me the unpleasant job of dismissing goo

d workers th

e firm can no longer afford to employ.

A) compelled B) posed C) pressed D) tempted

10. Using extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result in _ ______ and lack of unity in style.

A) conflict B) confrontation C) disturbance D) disharmony

11. Corrupt politicians who condone the activities of the gamblers are equally _____.

A) cryptic B)esoteric C)culpable D)occult

12. I don’t know the details for I just gave yo ur manuscript only a(n) ______glance.

A) cursory B)cumbrous C)onerous D)obscure

13.the Red Cross society helped _________ families to survive the war in the

Persian Gulf.

A) demure B)destitute C)assiduous D)sedate

14. the man felt ________ when the girl turned down his proposal of marriage.

A) despondent B) fabulous C)dilapidated D)fortuitous

15. the boy gave a ____look at his classmate’s test paper when the teacher turned.

A) frivolous B)furtive C)frenetic D)frigid

16. Rubber boots are ___________ to water.

A) imperious B)impetuous C)impervious D)impeccable

17. Missiles were mounted at various points to _______ the enemy aircrafts.

A) integrate B)jeopardize C)intercept D)interrogate

18. Being careless, she had her arm _____ by the barbed wire.

A) lacerated B)lamented C)juggled D)bemoaned

19. The wrestler’s _______ maneuvers made it difficult for his opponent to obtain a hold.

A) hermetic B)protean C)titanic D)procrustean

20. Psychoanalysis can help a patient recall long-forgotten experiences lost in the __ ____ recess of his mind.

A) labyrinthine B)chimerical C)iridescent D)mercurial

II Reading Comprehension (50%)

Passage 1

There is widespread belief that the emergence of giant industries has been accompli shed by an equivalent surge in industrial research. A recent study of important inven tions made since the turn of the century reveals that more than half were the produ ct of individual invent-ors working alone, independent of organized industrial research. While industrial laboratories contributed such important products as nylon and transi stors, independent inventors developed air conditioning, the automatic transmission, t he jet engine, the helicopterminsulin, and streptomycin. Still other inventions, such as stainless steel, television, silicons, and plexiglass were developed through the combi ned efforts of individuals and laboratory teams.

Despite these findings, we are urged to support monopoly power on the grounds tha t such power creates an environment supportive of innovation. We are told that the i ndependent inventor, along with the small firm, cannot afford to undertake the import ant research needed to improve our standard of living while protecting our diminishin

g resources; that only the prodigious assets of the giant corporation or conglomerate can afford the kind of expenditures that can produce the technological advances vit al to economic progress. But when we examine expenditures for research, we find t hat of the more than $ 35 billion spent each year in this country, almost two-thirds i s spent by the federal government. More than half of this government expenditure is funneled into military research and product development, accounting for the enormo us increase in spending in such industries as nuclear energy, aircraft, missiles, and electronics. There are those who consider it questionable that these defense-linked r esearch projects will account for an improvement in the standard of living or, alterna tely, do much to protect our diminishing resources.

Recent history has demonstrated that we may have to alter our longstanding concep tion of the process actuated by competition. The price variable, once perceived as t he dominant aspect of the competitive process is now subordinate to the competition of the new product, the new business structure, and the new technology. While it c an be assumed that in a highly competitive industry not dominated by a single corp oration, investment in innovation--a risky and expensive budget item--might meet resi stance from management and stockholders who might be more concerned with cost-cutting, efficient organization, and large advertising budgets, it would be an egregiou s error to assume that the monopolistic producer should be equated with bountiful e xpenditures for research. Large-scale enterprises tend to operate more comfortably i n stable and secure circumstances, and their managerial bureaucracies tend to prom ote the status quo and resist the threat implicit in change. Furthermore, the firm with a small share of the market will aggressively pursue new techniques and different products, since with little vested interest in capital equipment or plant it is not deterr ed from in-vestment in innovation. In some cases, where inter-industry competition is reduced or even entirely eliminated, the industrial giants may seek to avoid capital l oss resulting from obsolescence by deliberately obstructing technological progress. The conglomerates are not, however, completely exempt from strong competitive pre ssures; there are instances in which they, too, must compete, as against another ind ustrial Goliath, and then their weapons may include large expenditures for innovatio n.

16. According to the passage, important inventions of the twentieth century _______.

A. are not necessarily produced as a result of governmental support for military wea pons research and development.

B. came primarily from the huge laboratories of monopoly industries.

C. were produced at least as frequently by independent inventors as by research teams.

D. have greater impact on smaller firms than on conglomerates.

17. It is the author"s belief, as expressed or implied in the passage, that________.

A. monopoly power creates an environment supportive of innovation.

B. governmental protection for military research will do much to protect our dwindling resources.

C. industrial giants, with their managerial bureaucracies, respond more quickly to tec hnological change.

D. firms with a small share of the market will aggressively pursue innovations becau se they are not locked into old capital equipment.

18. Management and stockholders might be deeply concerned with cost cutting rathe r than innovation if _______.

A. their company is faced with strong competition in a field not dominated by one of the industrial giants.

B. they are very stable and secure and hold a monopoly position in their industry.

C. they are part of the military-industrial complex and are the recipients of federal fu nds for product development.

D. they have produced some of the important inventions of this century.

19. Which of the following statements is neither expressed nor implied in the passage?

A. Important inventions have been produced, in he past, by individuals as well as by corporate teams.

B. The federal government"s research funds are funneled into pure research as well as military research.

C. The development of the automatic transmission is not credited to organized industrial research.

D. Industrial giants may deliberately suppress innovations to avoid capital loss resulting from obsolescence.

20. The author"s purpose in this passage is to____.

A. advocate an increase in governmental support of organized industrial research.

B. point out a common misconception about the relationship between the extent of i ndustrial research and the growth of monopolistic power in industry.

C. describe the inadequacies of small firms in dealing with the important matter of r esearch and innovation.

D. show that America"s strength depends upon individual ingenuity and resourcefulness.

III Translation from English into Chinese (20%)

Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longin g for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankin d. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the verge of despair.

I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy---ecstasy so great that I would of ten have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, n ext, because it relieves loneliness that terrible loneliness in which one shivering cons ciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss.

I have sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic minia ture, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what at last I have found.

With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved.

Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward reward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverbe rated in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old pe ople a haled burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and p ain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate the evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer.

This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and I would gladly live it again if the chance were offered to me.

IV Write a composition of 250—300 words on“A Solution to the Present Housin g Problem”(20%)

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