专题倒装句
备战2014届高考英语一轮复习
专题倒装句
【考纲解读】
倒装句是高考的热点。近年来命题者加大了对句子结构和知识面的考查，同时注重考查知识之间的交叉和语法知识的力度。这就要求我们在平时的复习和备考中注意总结，全面把握，深入研究。
倒装句有以下六大考点:
（1）含有否定意义的副词放在句首引起的部分倒装
（2）含有否定意义的连接词置于句首引起的部分倒装
（3）“so（nor, neither）+助动词+ 主语”与“so（nor, neither）+主语+助动词”之间的区别以及与“ so + 主语+ 助动词”的句式区别
（4）省略if的虚拟条件句以had / were / should开头引起的部分倒装
（5）not until 置于句首引起后面句子的部分倒装
（6）only 短语置于句首引起的部分倒装
【知识要点】
主语和谓语有两种顺序：一是主语在前，叫自然语序。反之，如果谓语在主语前就是倒装语序，又分全部倒装和部分倒装。全部倒装是把全部谓语放在主语之前，部分倒装是把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前。
一、全部倒装
1.there be 句型：
可以用在这类句型中的动词除be外,还可用live，happen，exist，remain，stand等等作这类句型的谓语。如：
There are many students in the classroom.教室里有许多学生。
Long ，long ago there lived a king who loved horses very much.
很久很久以前，有一位国王，他非常喜欢马。
There happened to be nobody in the bedroom when the fire broke out.
起火的时候，碰巧房间里面没有人。
2.Here/There/Now＋vi.（常为come, go）＋主语（必须是名词）
此句型中here/there用来唤起注意意思是“喂，注意了”。如：
Here comes Mary. → I can see Mary coming.玛丽来了。
There goes the bell. 铃响了。→I can hear the bell ringing.
Here comes the bus.汽车来了。
There he comes.他来了。
这种句型不能用现在进行时。
here句中也可用系动词。如：
Here are some story books I want. →Here is what you asked for，or you are looking for.这就是我要的故事书。（我找了好久）
Here we are. This is the station.咱们到了，这就是火车站。
“Give me some paper.” “Here you are.”“给我点纸。” “给你。”
3.then引起谓语为come，follow的句子。如：
Then came a new difficulty. 然后产生了一个新的困难。
Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War.接着是八年抗战。
4.out，in，up, down，away之类的副词作状语放在句首，主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词，谓语为不及物动词come，go，run ,rush，etc。句式为：副词＋vi.＋主语
（必须是名词）。如：
Out rushed the tiger from among the bushes.老虎从灌木丛里冲了出来。
In came the rose fragrance through the windows.玫瑰花香透过窗户飘了进来。
5.介词短语作状语放在句首，谓语为不及物动词，主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词。句式为：介词短语＋vi.＋主语（必须是名词）。如：
In the middle of our school stands a high building.在学校中央有一座高楼。
6.表语放在句首，表语常为形容词、分词、副词、介词短语。要求主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词。句式为：表语＋系动词＋主语（必须是名词）。
Gone are the days when the teachers were looked down upon.
老师地位低下的年代一去不复返了。
On the both sides of the street are beautiful flowers.街道两旁有美丽的花。
South of city are two big lakes.城市的两边有两个大湖。
7.直接引语中间或后面，表示某人说这意思的插入语（特别是谓语较短时）。
“They must be in the fields now,” thought Xiao Lin.“他们准是下地了。”小林想道。
“Help! Help!” cried the little girl.小姑娘叫道：“救命！救命！”
如果主语不比谓语长，或是它后面有宾语，主语就仍然多放在前面。
“Take your seats，gentlemen,” Wilson shouted.威尔逊嚷道：“先生们坐好。”
“That man is a famous star,” Xiao Yang told me in a whis per.
小杨低声告诉我说：“那个人是著名的电影明星。”
二、部分倒装
1.“only＋副词/ 介词短语/ 状语从句”开头的句子。如：
Only then did I realize the importance of English.
直到那时我才意识到英语的重要性。
Only in this way can you make progress in your English.
只有通过这种方式你学英语才会取得进步。
注意：
１）在only＋状语从句＋主句结构中，主句用倒装结构但从句用正常语序。
２）only修饰主语，不倒装。
Only Tom knows the answer.只有汤姆知道答案。
2.否定词（短语）开头的句子要用部分倒装。
表示否定的副词never，nor，neither,表示半否定意义的副词hardly，few，seldom，little，含有no和not的词组by no means（决不），in no time（很快），at no time（在任何时候都不），（在任何情况下都不）not until，not only...but also，no sooner...than＝hardly...when/scarcely... when。即“否定词＋助动词/情态动词＋主语＋其他”。如：
Never have I been in this city.我从没到过这座城市。
Little/Seldom do I watch TV.我很少看电视。
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
直到我参加了工作我才意识到我浪费了多少时间。
注意：
1)关联词的搭配。
2)前一分句倒装，后一分句不倒装。
3.以so开头,用“so＋助动词/情态动词/系动词＋主语”表示前面叙述的情况也适合于另一个人或物，意为“也，同样，也如此”。表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合于另一个人或物，用“neither/nor＋助动词/情态动词/系动词＋主语”。
Society has changed and so have the people in it.社会变了，人也变了。
注意:
1)当so表示对前句内容的肯定、符合，或进一步强调前面所说的情况，或者赞同前面的说法时，应用自然语序。意为“的确，正是”。
—Tom works hard.汤姆工作很卖力。
—So he does and so do you.的确如此，你也是。
2）倒装部分的助动词、情态动词、连系动词的时态和形式要与前句相一致。
If you don’t go，neither/nor shall I.（If you don’t go，I shall not go.）你不去，我也不去。
注意：表示前面的多种情况也适合于另一人或物，或者既有肯定又有否定情况或涉及到不同类型的动词时可用：It is the same with sth. /sb.或So it is with sth. /sb.句型。
She does well in English，but is poor in maths. So it is with Lucy.
她英语学得好，但数学学的差，露茜也是如此。
4.由as引导让步状语从句要用部分倒装或前置。句式为：表语/状语/动词原形＋as＋主语＋其他。如：
Clever as he is，he doesn’t study well.虽然他很聪明，但他学习不好。
Child as he is，he knows a lot.虽然他是个孩子，但他懂得不少事情。
Much as I like it，I won’t buy it.虽然我非常喜欢它，但我不买。
Try as she might，she failed.虽然她试过了，但还是失败了。
注意：表语前的名词无形容词修饰时冠词要省略
5.在so...that从句中，如果so＋adj./adv.放在句首，其主句要倒装。
So loudly did he speak that everyone could hear him.
他讲话声音足够大，以至于每个人都能听得见。
6.如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有were，should ，were可以把if省略而将这三个词放于条件句主语前构成倒装。
If it hadn’t been for their help，we couldn’t have finished the work on time.
＝Hadn’t it been for their help，we couldn’t have finished the work on time.
要不是由于他们的帮助，我们不可能按时完成那项工作。
If there should be a flood，what would we do?
＝Should there be a flood，what would we do?要是发了洪水，我们该怎么办呢？
7.频度副词及短语often，always，now and then ，many a time ，every other day等放在句首时有时也倒装。
Many a time has he come to comfort me.他来安慰了我好多次。
Often did he warn them not to do so.他经常告诫他们不要那样去做。
8.某些表示祝愿句子也用倒状语序。
May you succeed.祝你成功！
Long live the Communist Party of China!中国共产党万岁！
【考点诠释】
考点1 全部倒装
把谓语全部提到主语前面，叫全部倒装。主要有：
1．以here，there，out，in，up，down，away等副词开头，谓语动词多为be，come，go等，则须用全部倒装。如：
There flows a fiver at the foot of the mountain．山脚下有—条河。
2．以then，now，thus开头，谓语动词多为come，follow，begin，end，be，主语又是名词
/名词词组，则用全部倒装(若主语是代词，则不能倒装)。如：
Now comes your turn!该你了
3．当地点类介词短语位于句首且后有不及物动词be，come，sit，live，stand，lie，exist等时，常用全部倒装。如：
On the ground lay an old man，who was dying．地上躺着一位老人，奄奄一息。
4．such作表语，置于句首，表示“这样的人/事物；上述的人/事物”。be动词须与后面的主语保持一致。如：
Such is their decision．他们的决定就是这样。
考点2 部分倒装
只把助动词/系动词/情态动词提到主语前面，叫部分倒装。主要有：
1．在疑问句中须部分倒装。但在疑问词作主语的特殊疑问句里，不用倒装。如：
①Does he speak Chinese?他说中国话吗?
②Who is in this room?谁在这个房间里?
2．用于以so，nor，neither开头的句子，表示重复前句的部分内容，须部分倒装，且此句的谓语应与前句的谓语在时态/形式上一致，但“so+主语+d0”结构则表示对别人所说的
情况加以肯定，它的主语与上文的主语相同，so相当于indeed，certainly。如：
①Mary has learned by heart 200 words，and SO have I．玛丽已经记住了200个单词，我也是这样。
②一The girls study hard．这些女孩学习刻苦。
一so they do．她们的确如此。
3．在以never，seldom，not only，rarely，scarcely，in no way等否定或半否定词开头的句中用部分倒装。如：
Little do I dream of seeing such wonderful scenery．我想象不到会看到这样美妙的景色。4．only置于句首修饰状语(副词、介词短语)或状语从句等时用部分倒装。如：
Only after the anaesthetist gave the patient an anaesthetic could the operation be conducted．只有在麻醉师给病人实施麻醉以后，手术才能进行。
5．在so…that，such…that句型中，当so ,such引导的结构置于句首时须用部分倒装。如：So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him．他说话声音那样大，隔壁屋里的人都能听见。
6．在hardly…when，no sooner…than，not until句型中，主句须部分倒装。如：
Hardly had he arrived when it began to snow．他一到，天就下起雪来了。
7．as引导的让步状语从句结构为：形容词/名词/动词+as+主语+谓语。如：。
①Tired as he was，he stayed up late．他虽然疲倦，可仍然很晚才睡。
②Explain as I might，I could not make myself understood．尽管我已经解释了，但我还是不被理解。
③Child as he is，he knows a lot．尽管他是个孩子，可他知道很多。(注意开头的名词前无冠词)
8．在省略了if的虚拟条件句中，were，had或should置于句首。如：
Were I in your position，1 would not go．我要是在你的位置上，我是不会去的。9．however，no matter how引导的让步状语从句。如：
However hard he worked，he couldn’t solve the problem．不管多努力，他就是解决不了那个问题。‘
解题要领
这种类型的部分倒装结构为：only + 副词/ 介词短语/ 状语从句+ 系动词be / 助动词/
情态动词+ 主语+ 谓语的一部分+ 其他成分。
之间的区别以及与“ so + 主语+ 助动词”的句式区别
（4）省略if的虚拟条件句以had / were / should开头引起的部分倒装
（5）not until 置于句首引起后面句子的部分倒装
（6）only 短语置于句首引起的部分倒装
方法技巧点拨
1. 考前应认真研读高考题目，了解命题人的意图，对高考方向有所把握。
2.倒装句在句式上考生不是很习惯，故考生得从多方面入手，熟悉各种倒装句式，以不变应万变。
3.要注意倒装句中的主谓一致、时态一致及人称一致等问题。
4.加强理解分析能力，切忌机械记忆，注意知识间的交叉，分清句子成分。
5.在平时的学习中尽最大努力运用所学知识，达到熟能生巧的目的。
【高考链接】
1.(2010高考英语重庆卷,33)At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River______, one of the ten largest cities in China.
A. lies Chongqing
B. Chongqing lies
C. does lie Chongqing
D. does Chongqing lie
【答案】A
【解析】考查倒装。表示方位的地点状语提前，句子完全倒装，所以选A项。
2.(2010高考英语四川卷,9)We laugh at jokes，but seldom ______ about how they work．A．we think B．think we
C．we do think D．do we think
【答案】D
【解析】考查倒装。seldom为否定副词放句首，用部分倒装，故选D。句意为“我们因笑话而笑，但很少去思考笑话怎样让我们笑。”
3.(2010高考英语上海春季卷,37)Never______ Lisa would arrive but she turned up at the last minute.
A．did we think B．have we thought
C．we thought D．we have thought
4.(2010高考英语陕西卷,17)John opened the door. There ______ he had never seen before.
A. a girl did stand
B. a girl stood
C. did a girl stand
D. stood a girl
【答案】D
【解析】考查倒装。表示存在关系的句子，将表地点的副词或介词短语提至句首时，若主语为名词，应采用完全倒装语序。此题中将表地点的副词．there提到了句首，而且主语为名词a girl，所以要采用完全倒装语序，所以选D项。
5.(2010高考英语江西卷,33)Not until he left his home ______ to know how important the family was for him.
A did he begin
B had he begun
C he began
D he had begun 【解析】考查倒装句。句意：直到离开家，他才开始意识到这个家对他来说是何等的重要。：not until引导的从句置于句首时，主句需用部分倒装。主从句的动作基本同时发生，故用一般过去时。
6、【2009英语(琼宁卷)】New technology was used in teaching.As a result，not only______，but students became more interested in the lessons.
A．saved was teachers' energy
B．was teachers' energy saved
C．teachers' energy was saved
D．was saved teachers' energy
【答案】B
【解析】考查倒装语序。not only...but(also)是并列连接词，not only位于第一分句句首时，第一分句用部分倒装语序。故应选B项。
7、【2009英语(重庆卷)】Unsatisfied______with the payment，he took the job just to get some work experience.
A．though was he B．though he was
C．he was though D．was he though
8、【2009英语(山东卷)】So sudden ______ that the enemy had no time to escape.
A．did the attack B．the attack did
C．was the attack D．the attack was
【答案】C
【解析】考查倒装句。在so...that；such...that的句子中，如果so，such和其修饰的词放在句首，句子要倒装。结构为so/such＋被修饰动词＋谓语＋主语。sudden是形容词，作表语，故C项正确。
9、【2009英语(江苏卷)】Distinguished guests and friends，welcome to our school.______the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni (校友) from home and abroad. A．Attend B．To attend
C．Attending D．Having attended
【答案】C
【解析】考查倒装。本句正常语序为：Our alumni from home and abroad are attending the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning.
10、【2009英语(辽宁卷)】______is the power of TV that it can make a person suddenly famous. A．Such B．This
C．That D．So
【答案】A
【解析】考查倒装结构。这里是such...that结构，such在句中作表语。
11、【2009英语(全国Ⅰ卷)】The computer was used in teaching.As a result，not only______，but students became more interested in the lessons.
A．saved was teachers' energy
B．was teachers' energy saved
C．teachers' energy was saved
D．was saved teachers' energy
12、【2009英语(四川卷)】Not until I came home last night ______ to bed.
A．Mum did go B．did Mum go
C．went Mum D．Mum went
【答案】B
【解析】考查倒装。not until...引导的状语位于句首时，主句应采用部分倒装语序。故答案应选B项
高考英语新倒装句知识点专项训练解析附答案(4)
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