2018英语全国卷阅读理解详细讲解

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试

英语（阅读理解）

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours

Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.

Duration: 3 hours

This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability – and the cherry blossoms – disappear!

Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour

Duration: 3 hours (4 miles)

Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.

Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.

Duration: 3 hours

Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route (路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.

Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour

Duration: 3 hours (7 miles)

Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.

21. Which tour do you need to book in advance?

A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.

B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.

C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,

D.C.

D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.

22. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?

A. Meet famous people.

B. Go to a national park.

C. Visit well-known museums.

D. Enjoy interesting stories.

23. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?

A. City maps.

B. Cameras.

C. Meals.

D. Safety lights.

解析：本篇文章讲的是华盛顿举办的几个自行车骑行活动，容较简单。

21. A. 细节理解题。原文中Reserve your spot before availability对应题目中的book in advance。出题人喜欢将原文中的容进行同义词或者同义句的替换，这一点考生要多加注意。

22. D. 细节理解题。根据设问快速定位其在原文中的位置，进行简单排除即可得出答案。Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents…

23.D. 细节理解题。由设问中的at night 定位到Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour，然后由All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights得出答案。

B

Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role – showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.

In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under ￡5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.

“We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant,” she explains. “I pay ￡5 for a portion (一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can

buy take away food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.”

The eight-part series (系列节目), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.

With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.

24. What do we know about Susanna Reid?

A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests.

B. She has started a new programme.

C. She dislikes working early in the morning.

D. She has had a tight budget for her family.

25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?

A. He buys cooking materials for her.

B. He prepares food for her kids.

C. He assists her in cooking matters.

D. He invites guest families for her.

26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?

A. Summarize the previous paragraphs.

B. Provide some advice for the readers.

C. Add some background information.

D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.

27. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart

B. Balancing Our Daily Diet

C. Making Yourself a Perfect Chef

D. Cooking Well for Less

解析：本文是关于Susanna Reid所创办的一个新的节目Save Money: Good Food 的介绍，教人们在日常生活中怎样用最少的钱做出美味的食物，Cooking Well for Less，文章难度不大。

24. B. 推理判断题。文章中she is cooking up a storm in her latest role – showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.还有后文中的The eight-part series 都可以推出Susanna Reid开办了一个新的电视节目。

25. C. 细节理解题。In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste…可知Matt Tebbutt的作用是给Susanna Reid提供建议。

26. C. 推理判断题。定位到第四段…follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money: Good Health可知，这一段主要讲的是这档节目的灵感来

源，所以答案选C.

27. D. 主旨大意题。本文主要是对Save Money: Good Food这档节目的介绍，文章第一段showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget说明了这档节目的目的，所以D选项正是对这句话的最好诠释。

C

Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.

Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.

At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, wh ich means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.

Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.

28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?

A. They developed very fast.

B. They were large in number.

C. They had similar patterns.

D. They were closely connected.

29. Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?

A. Complex.

B. Advanced.

C. Powerful.

D. Modern.

30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?

A. About 6,800.

B. About 3,400.

C. About 2,400.

D. About 1,200.

31. What is the main idea of the text?

A. New languages will be created.

B. People’s lifestyles are reflected in languages.

C. Human development results in fewer languages.

D. Geography determines language evolution.

解析：本文主要讲的是随着人类的发展，语言的种类却越来越少，很多语言已经灭绝或者濒临灭绝，这是全球化和工业化带来的副作用需要引起我们的重视。

28. B. 推理判断题。本题的答案主要出自第一段，只要认真研读，进行简单的排除，答案不难选出。Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.这句话是答案的出处。

29. C.词义猜测题。词语出自第二段。Dominant这个词应该是比较常见的，只要考生平时注意词汇积累这个词应该能认识，所以我们在平时的英语学习中一定要注意词汇的积累。假如不认识的话，后边的例子中例举了English, Spanish and Chinese 还有词组take over 这些线索都可以帮助我们来猜测词义。

30. B 推理判断题。答案出自第三段 The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, whic h means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.结合前面的At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. 这两句话就可以把答案推出来，6800 和half 是关键词。

31. C. 主旨大意题。本篇文章结构清晰，第一段是总领全文，提出观点in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going。第二段是解释原因，第三段是对现状的介绍，第四段是举例子。所以答案很容易选出。本篇文章考生可以注意出题人的出题围，前三题分别出自前三段，第四题是对全文的考查，这也是出题人出题的一个暗含的线索，考生应该多加关注。

D

We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment – and our wallets – as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.

To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life – from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how

home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes

in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.

As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn’t throw out our old ones.“The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids’ room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,”said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We’re not just keeping these old devices– we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babb itt’s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.

So what’s the solution(解决方案)? The team’s data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.

32. What does the author think of new devices?

A. They are environment-friendly.

B. They are no better than the old.

C. They cost more to use at home.

D. They go out of style quickly.

33. Why did Babbitt’s team conduct the research?

A. To reduce the cost of minerals.

B. To test the life cycle of a product.

C. To update consumers on new technology.

D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.

34. Which of the following uses the least energy?

A. The box-set TV.

B. The tablet.

C. The LCD TV.

D. The desktop computer.

35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?

A. Stop using them.

B. Take them apart.

C. Upgrade them.

D. Recycle them.

解析：本文主要讲的是一些电子设备并没有因为过时而寿终正寝，相反很多设

备还正在被使用，这不仅会消耗更多的能源还会污染环境。

32.A. 推理判断题。考查第一段。找准题目关键词new devices，文章中原

句That’s bad news for the envi ronment – and our wallets…这是过时设备

的一些害处，那么我们可以反推它的反面应该就是新设备的好处，所以答案选择A.

33.D. 细节理解题。答案出自第二段。第二段原句…tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life.和这句话意思

最相近的就是答案D.

34.B. 细节理解题。答案出自第四段。选项中出现的集中设备密集出现在两处，一处是第二段，还有一处是第四段。其中第二段主要讲的是各种设备进入到家庭的时间，不涉及到各种设备能耗的对比，所以不能作为选择的依据。所以答案应该在第四段，They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.这句话可以帮助得出答案是tablets。

35.A. 推理判断题。答案在第四段。文章第三段主要讲的是使用旧的设备的危害，结合34题和but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function我们可以得出答案是stop using. C选型是容易误选选项，upgrade 这个词的意思要把握准，upgrade可能是在原有设备基础之上进行升级，这是文章中没有提及的所以不能选。