《宋史·曹修古传》高考阅读练习及答案【附译文】

宋史

曹修古，字述之，建州建安人。进士起家，累迁秘书丞、同判饶州。宋绶荐其材，召还，以太常博士为监察御史。奏曰：“唐贞观中，尝下诏今致仕官班本品现任上，欲其知耻而勇退也。比有年余八十，尚任班行，心力既衰，官事何补？请下有司，敕文武官年及七十，上书自言，特与迁官致仕，仍从负观旧制，即宿德勋贤，自如故事。”因著为令。

修古尝偕三院御史十二人晨朝，将至朝堂，黄门二人行马不避，呵者止之，反为所詈。修古奏：“前史称，御史台尊则天子尊。故事，三院同行与知杂事同，今黄门侮慢若此，请付所司劾治。”帝闻，立命笞之。晏殊以笏击人折齿。修古奏：“殊身任辅弼，百僚所法，而忿躁亡大臣体。古者，三公不按吏，先朝陈恕于中书榜人，即时罢黜。请正典刑，以允公议。”久之，擢尚书刑部员外郎、知杂司事、权同判吏部流内铨。未逾月，会太后兄子刘从德死，录其姻戚至于厮役几八十人，龙图阁直学士马季良、集贤校理钱暖皆缘遗奏超授官秩，修古与杨偕、郭劝、段少连交章论列。太后怒下其章中书大臣请黜修古知衢州余以次贬太后以为责轻命皆削一官以修古为工部员外郎同判杭州。会赦复官，卒。既没，人多惜之。家贫，不能归葬，宾佐赙钱五十万。女泣白其母曰：“奈何以是累吾先人也。”卒拒不纳。太后崩，帝思修古忠，特赠右谏议大夫，赐其家钱二十万。修古无子，以兄子觐为后。曹氏自修古以直谅闻，其女子亦能不累于利，世以是贤之。（节选自《宋史》）

10．对下列句子中加点词语的解释，不正确的一项是（3分）

A．宿德勋贤勋贤：美好贤能

B．自如故事故事：旧的典章制度

C．请付所司劾治劾治：审查治罪

D．宾佐赙钱五十万赙钱：为助办丧事而赠送给丧主的钱财

11．对文中画波浪线部分的断句，正确的一项是（3分）

A．太后怒／下其章中书大臣／请黜修古知衢州／余以次贬／太后以为责轻／命皆削一官／以修古为工部员外郎／同判杭州

B．太后怒／下其章中书／大臣请修古知衢州／余以次贬／太后以为责轻／命皆削一官／以修古为工部员外郎／同判杭州

C．太后怒／下其章中书大臣／请黜修古知衢州／余以次贬／太后以为责轻／命皆削／一官以修古为工部员外郎／同判杭州

D．太后怒／下其章中书／大臣请黜修古知衢州／余以次贬／太后以为责轻／命皆削／一官以修古为工部员外郎／同判杭州

12．下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析，不正确的一项是（3分）

A．曹修古精明强干，力除积弊。他担任监察御史时，上奏皇帝，要求效仿贞观年间的做法，汰除心力已衰的官员，皇帝采纳了他的这条建议。

B．曹修古据理而争，捍卫尊严。他与御史们一起去上早朝时，在路上遭到两名宦官的羞辱，他认为这有损天子的尊严，请求将两名宦官依法治罪。

C．曹修古正直无私，不畏权贵。马季良、钱暖都因临终前留下奏章而使其家属被越级提拔，他联合杨偕、郭劝等人上奏此事。

D．曹修古两袖清风，教女有方。他去世后因为家境贫穷而无法归葬，亲戚朋友想要帮助他家人，而他的女儿却最终拒绝了大家。

13．把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。（10分）

（1）殊身任辅弼，百僚所法，而忿躁亡大臣体。

（2）曹氏自修古以直谅闻，其女子亦能不累于利，世以是贤之。

参考答案

10．A 解析：勋贤：有功劳、有贤能的人。

11．B 解析：此题考查的是文言文断句能力。文言断句的前提是对文章的领会。首先要通读划线句，理解大概意思，依据语境断句。

12．C 解析本题考查对原文内容的理解把握。C项理解错误，原文是说马季良、钱暖因为刘从德的遗奏而被越级提拔。

13．

（1）晏殊自身担任宰相，是百官效法的对象，却因为怨恨急躁而失去大臣的体统。（“辅弼”“法”“忿躁”各1分，句意2分）

（2）曹家从曹修古以来凭借正直忠诚而闻名于世，他家的女子也能不被利益连累，世人因此认为他家人很贤能。（“谅”“贤”各1分“不累于利”被动句1分，句意2分）

参考译文

曹修古字述之，建州建安人。进士出身，屡经升迁为秘书丞、同判饶州。经宋绶推荐，他被召还朝廷，以太常博士的身份担任监察御史。

上奏说：“唐朝贞观年间，曾经下诏退休官员朝班位置在本品现职官员的上列，目的是让官员知道耻辱而勇于退职。近来有人年纪已经超过八十岁，仍然站在朝班行列。精力衰竭，对做官任职没有补益。请下诏给主管部门，命令文武官员凡年满七十岁者，自己上书提出申请，朝廷特别给予升官退休，仍沿用贞观年间办法，即便是名望和功劳很大的官员，自应按惯例退休。”朝廷于是据此制定了法令。

曹修古曾同三院御史十二人早上入朝，快到朝堂时，有两名宦官骑马不肯迴避，有人斥责他们停止，反而被辱骂。曹修古上奏说：“以前史书上说，御史台有尊严则天子才有尊严。按照惯例，三院御史同行的规格与知杂事相同，现在宦官如此猖狂，请交主管官员弹劾治罪。”皇上知道后，立即命令鞭打宦官。晏殊曾用笏打人，把那人的牙齿都打断了。曹修古上奏说：“晏殊是皇上的辅弼大臣，是百官的榜样，却冲动急躁没有大臣的体统。古时候，三公犯法不交官吏查办，前朝时陈恕在中书省打人，当即就被免职。请依法对晏殊予以惩处，以平息舆论。”

很长时间以后，出朝任歙州知州，又调任南剑州，又担任开封府判官。历任殿中侍御史，提升为尚书刑部员外郎、知杂司事、权同判吏部流内铨。不到一个月，正遇太后的侄子刘从德死了，录用他的亲族连同仆役差不多有八十人，龙图阁直学士马季良、集贤校理钱暧都按遗书上奏的名单予以破格授任官阶，曹修古与杨偕、郭劝、段少连纷纷上奏章批评。太后大怒，把奏章交付中书论罪。大臣请眨曹修古为衢州知州，其余依次处罚。太后认为责罚轻，命令全都削官阶一级，任曹修古为工部员外郎、同判杭州，尚未赴任，又改任兴化军知军。恰逢大赦，官复原职，死去。他死后，许多人为他惋惜。家里贫穷，不能把灵柩运回家乡埋葬，他生前的部属和幕僚捐钱五十万帮助治丧。小女儿哭着对母亲说：“不能因为这件事损害父亲的名誉。”最终拒絶没有接受。太后去世，皇帝想到曹修古的忠贞，特别赠官为右谏议大夫，赏给他家钱二十万，录用他的女婿刘勋试任将作监主簿。曹修古没有儿子，过继侄子曹觐为后嗣。曹氏家族自从曹修古起就以正直无畏出名，连女子也能不为利禄拖累，当时因此认为他贤良。

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