这个世界需要你-阅读理解答案解析【2019年辽宁省辽阳市】

12．（15分）阅读下面选文，完成下列各题。【2019年辽宁省辽阳市】

这个世界需要你

①千年前，你曾奋笔疾书，犯颜直谏；你曾啸聚竹林，诗酒弹唱；你曾周游列国，风尘

仆仆；你也曾对月题诗，笔力峥嵘。而如今，我在茫茫人海中踮足眺望，却望不到你峨冠博带的身影，为什么看不到一个正心诚意、上下求索的读书人？这个世界需要真正的读书人！

②这世界需要为真理而读书的人：为真理而读书，就会勇敢无畏、坚韧执着。像那被烈

火焚身的“异教徒”布鲁诺，宁可以身殉道也绝不放弃“日心说”，像那率领船队穿越好望角的麦哲伦，用生命为人类走出一条新路；像那“吾爱吾师，吾更爱真理”的亚里士多德，面对柏拉图这样的巨擘也敢于说“不”而放弃了对真理追求的读书，就免不了被凡尘中的物欲干扰、诱惑，丧失做人的底线，陷在“名利”的染缸里不能自拔，失去了铮铮傲骨，迷失了人生方向，活得自私又狭隘，粗俗又劣质。

③这世界需要为梦想而读书的人。“修身齐家治国平天下”，这是多少读书人的梦想啊！

可是现如今大批的人为金钱、为名利而忙碌在书山文海中，没有梦想的读书人，是多么悲哀啊！“伪读书人”看到大学生就业难，研究生工资低，就匆忙地移开脚步，不肯为知识造一个梦想的外壳，他们也终究会被梦想抛弃。“大衣哥”朱之文，用浑厚的男中音，从破败的小屋，一路唱到“星光大道”的周冠军。他没有读过多少书，但他凝神静思读乐谱的那一刻，谁能说他不是一个有梦想的读书人呢？梦想似飞鸟，读书恰似为梦想插上了闪光的翅膀，让梦想载着丰硕的知识在浩瀚的苍穹中自由翱翔。

④这世界需要为修养而读书的人。“内圣外王”是读书的境界，或许一般人难以企及，但

是加强自身的修养，让生命焕发出应有的光彩却是大多数人可以做到的。商鞅市门立木的诚信可以从书中读到；钱伟长的赤子之心可以从书中读到；郭明义当代雷锋的精神，更能够从书中读到。不仅如此，太史公毁身扬志、挥笔疾书的身影，史铁生生死煎熬、大笔如椽的身姿更能让我们在品读唏嘘中了悟生命的坚韧。温家宝说：“读书可以改变人。”我想，他强调的就是修身吧。

⑤熙熙攘攘的世界，多需要一些真正的读书人啊！如余秋雨一般用千百年的梦想踏出一

条文化苦旅，如李敖一般用犀利的笔调勾勒出一副铮铮傲骨，如刘墉、毕淑敏一样，将生命打磨得玉润珠圆。

⑤这个世界需要你，真正的读书人！

（选文有改动）

（1）选文的中心论点是什么？

（2）简要分析选文②段的论证思路。

（3）选文③段画线句运用了哪种论证方法？有什么作用？

（4）选出下列名言中最适合充当选文④段论据的一项C

A．读书破万卷，下笔如有神。﹣﹣杜甫

B．书痴者文必工，艺痴者技必良。﹣﹣蒲松龄

C．书籍是改造灵魂的工具。﹣﹣雨果

D．纸上得来终觉浅，绝知此事要躬行。﹣﹣陆游

（5）结合选文谈谈，要想成为真正的读书人，你现在该如何努力。

【分析】文章第①段引出论述的话题：这个世界需要真正的读书人。第②﹣﹣④段论述了这世界需要为真理而读书的人、为梦想而读书的人、为修养而读书的人。第⑤⑥段总结全文，呼吁世界多一些真正多读书人。

【解答】（1）本题考查中心论点。论点一般是一个肯定的判断。而且旗帜鲜明，不能模棱两可。它不能用疑问句式，不能用短语，不能用比喻等形式出现。一般从题目、开头、结尾处下手寻找。根据文章内容，论述的是这个世界需要真正的读书人！

（2）本题考查论证思路的问题，需要阅读语段，分清楚层次结构，概括层次内容，最后用标志词串联概括解答即可。第②段首先提出分论点“这世界需要为真理而读书的人”，接着用了布鲁诺宁、麦哲伦、亚里士多德的事例论证观点，最后从反面论述了放弃真理的危害。

（3）本题考查论证方法及其作用。“梦想似飞鸟，读书恰似为梦想插上了闪光的翅膀”，这句话把梦想比作飞鸟，把读书比作翅膀，用了比喻论证，生动形象地论述了梦想对读书的重要性，论证了“这世界需要为梦想而读书的人”的分论点。

（4）本题考查论据的应用。根据第④段内容论述的是“这世界需要为修养而读书的人”。A．形容博览群书，把书读透，这样落实到笔下，运用起来就会得心应手。论述的是读书多了，有助于习作水平的提高；

B．意思是喜欢读书的人，提笔就能写出漂亮的文章，对一项技艺痴迷的人，他的技术一定是非常精良的；

C．论述的是读书提高人的修养的问题；

D．论述的是读书要和实践相结合。

故选：C。

（5）本题考查对文本的理解和分析。

结合文章的第②﹣﹣④段内容来回答。“为真理而读书的人”“为梦想而读书的人”“为修养而读书的人”。

答案：

（1）这个世界需要真正的读书人！

（2）首先，提出观点“这世界需要为真理而读书的人”；接着，列举了布鲁诺、麦哲伦、亚里士多德为真理读书而勇敢无畏、坚韧执着的事例，证明了这一观点；最后，从反面论述了放弃对真理的追求而读书的危害。

（3）比喻论证，生动形象地论述了梦想对读书的重要意义，证明了分论点“这世界需要为梦想而读书的人”，进而证明了中心论点。

（4）C

（5）此题答案不唯一。示例：作为中学生，我现在应该怀揣梦想，树立明确的目标，并为之勤奋读书，从书中汲取营养，不断提高自身修养，完善自我，争取早日成为真正的读书人，让人生更有价值。

【点评】①举例论证：通过举具体的事例加以论证，从而使论证更具体、更有说服力。格式：使用了举例论证的论证方法，列举……（概括事例）证明了……（如果有分论点，则写出它证明的分论点，否则写中心论点），从而使论证更具体更有说服力。

②道理论证：通过讲道理的方式证明论点，使论证更概括更深入。

格式：使用了道理论证的论证方法，论证了……了观点，从而使论证更概括更深入。

③比喻论证：通过比喻进行证明，使论证生动形象、浅显易懂。

格式：使用了比喻论证的论证方法，将……比作……，证明了……的观点，从而把抽象深奥的道理阐述得生动形象、浅显易懂。

④对比论证：对比论证的作用就是突出强调。

格式：使用了对比论证的论证方法，将……和……加以比较，突出强调了……的观点。

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