英汉对照-化工材料翻译
1 管道组成件Piping component
1.1 管子Pipe
管子(按照配管标准规格制造的) pipe
管子(不按配管标准规格制造的其他用管) tube
钢管steel pipe
铸铁管cast iron pipe
衬里管lined pipe
复合管clad pipe
碳钢管carbon steel pipe
合金钢管alloy steel pipe
不锈钢stainless steel pipe
奥氏体不锈钢管austenitic stainless steel pipe
铁合金钢管ferritic alloy steel pipe
轧制钢管wrought-steel pipe
锻铁管wrought-iron pipe
无缝钢管seamless (SMLS) steel pipe
焊接钢管welded steel pipe
电阻焊钢管electric-resistance welded steel pipe
电熔（弧）焊钢板卷管electric-fusion (arc)-welded steel-plate pipe
螺旋焊接钢管spiral welded steel pipe
镀锌钢管galvanized steel pipe
热轧无缝钢管hot-rolling seamless pipe
冷拔无缝钢管cold-drawing seamless pipe
水煤气钢管water-gas steel pipe
塑料管plastic pipe
玻璃管glass tube
橡胶管rubber tube
直管run pipe; straight pipe
1.2 管件Fitting
弯头elbow
异径弯头reducing elbow
带支座弯头base elbow
k半径弯头long radius elbow
短半径弯头short radius elbow
长半径180°弯头long radius return
短半径180°弯头short radius return
带侧向口的弯头（右向或左向）side outlet elbow (right hand or left hand) 双支管弯头（形）double branch elbow
三通tee
异径三通reducing tee
等径三通straight tee
带侧向口的三通（右向或左向）side outlet tee (right hand or 1eft hand)
异径三通（分支口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on outlet)
异径三通（一个直通口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on one run)
带支座三通base tee
异径三通（一个直通口及分支口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on one run and outlet)
异径三通（两个直通口为异径，双头式）reducing tee (reducing on both runs, bull head)
45°斜三通45° lateral
45°斜三通（支管为异径）45° lateral (reducing on branch)
45°斜三通(一个直通口为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run)
45°斜三通(一个直通口及支管为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run and branch)
Y型三通（俗称裤衩）true “Y”
四通cross
等径四通straight cross
异径四通reducing cross
异径四通（一个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one outlet)
异径四通（一个直通口及分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one run and outlet)
异径四通（两个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on both outlet)
异径四通（一个直通口及两个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one run and both outlet) 异径管reducer
同心异径管concentric reducer
偏心异径管eccentric reducer
锻制异径管reducing swage
螺纹支管台threadolet
焊接支管台weldolet
承插支管台sockolet
弯头支管台elbolet
斜接支管台latrolet
镶入式支管嘴sweepolet
短管支管台nipolet
支管台，插入式支管台boss
管接头coupling, full coupling
半管接头half coupling
异径管接头reducing coupling
活接头union
内外螺纹缩接（俗称补芯）bushing
管帽cap (C)
堵头plug
短节nipple
异径短节reducing nipple; swage nipple
1.3 弯管Bend
预制弯管fabricated pipe bend
跨越弯管（^ 形）cross-over bend
偏置弯管（~ 形）offset bend
90°弯管quarter bend
环形弯管cirele bend
单侧偏置90°弯管（? 形）single offset quarter bend
S形弯管“S” bend
单侧偏置U形膨胀弯管（| ?形）single offset “U” bend
U形弯管“U” bend
双偏置U膨胀弯管double offset expansion “U” bend
斜接弯管mitre bend
三节斜接弯管3-piece mitre bend
折皱弯管corrugated bend
圆度roundness
1.4 法兰Flange (FLG）
整体管法兰integral pipe flange
钢管法兰steel pipe flange
螺纹法兰threaded flange
滑套法兰（包括平焊法兰）slip-on flange (SO); slip-on welding flange 承插焊法兰socket welding flange
松套法兰lap joint flange (LJF)
对焊法兰welding neckflange (WNF)
法兰盖blind flange, blind
孔板法兰orifice flange
异径法兰reducing flange
盘座式法兰pad type flange
松套带颈法兰loose hubbed flange
焊接板式法兰welding plate flange
对焊环welding neck collar （与stub end相似）
平焊环welding-on collar
突缘短节stub end, lap
翻边端lapped pipe end
松套板式法兰loose plate flange
压力级pressure rating, pressure rating class
压力—温度等级pressure-temperature rating
法兰密封面，法兰面flange facing
突面raised face (RF)
凸面male face (MF)
凹面female face (FMF)
榫面tongue face
槽面groove face
环连接面ring joint face
全平面；满平面flat face; full face (FF)
光滑突面smooth raised face (SRF)
法兰面加工facing finish
粗糙度roughness
光滑的smooth
齿形serrated
均方根root mean square (RMS)
算术平均粗糙高度arithmetical average roughness height (AARH)
配对法兰companion-flange
螺栓圆bolt circle (B.C.)
1.5 垫片Gasket (GSKT)
垫片的型式type of gasket
平垫片flat gasket
环形平垫片flat ring gasket
平金属垫片flat metal gasket
夹棉织物的橡胶elastomer with cotton fabric insertion
夹石棉织物的橡胶elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion
夹石棉织物及金属丝加强的橡胶elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion and with wire reinforcement 无石墨压缩白石棉垫片non graphited compressed white asbestos gasket
天然白橡胶垫片natural white rubber gasket
压缩石棉垫片compressed asbestos class gasket
浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉垫片PTFE impregnated asbestos gasket
夹石棉的缠绕金属垫片spiral-wound metal gasket with asbestos filler
内环inner ring
外环，外定位环outer ring
波纹金属垫片corrugated metal gasket
波纹金属包嵌石棉垫片corrugated metal gasket with asbestos inserted
双夹套波纹金属包石棉垫片corrugated metal double jacketed asbestos filled gasket
双夹套垫片double jacketed gasket
金属包石棉平垫片flat metal jacketed asbestos filled gasket
整体金属齿形垫片solid metal serrated gasket
槽形金属垫片grooved metal gasket
环形连接金属垫片ring joint metal gasket
八角环形垫片octagonal ring gasket
椭圆环形垫片oval ring gasket
透镜式垫片lens gasket
非金属垫片non-metallic gasket
1.6 阀门Valve
1.6.1 阀门结构、零件
阀轭yoke
外螺纹阀杆及阀轭outside screw and yoke (OS & Y) 阀杆stem
内螺纹inside screw (IS)
阀轭套yoke sleeve
阀杆环stem ring
阀座valve seat (body seat)
阀座环、密封圈seat ring
整体（阀）座integral seat
堆焊（阀）座deposited seat
阀芯（包括密封圈、杆等内件）trim
阀盘disc
阀盘密封圈disc seat
阀体body
阀盖bonnet
阀盖衬套bonnet bush
螺纹阀帽screw cap
螺纹阀盖screw bonnet
螺栓连接的阀盖bolted bonnet (BB)
活接阀盖（帽）union bonnet (cap)
螺栓连接的阀帽bolted cap (BC)
焊接阀盖welded bonnet (WB)
本体阀杆密封body stem seal
石棉安全密封asbestos emenen seal
倒密封back seal
压力密封的阀盖pressure-tight bonnet
动力操纵器powered operator
电动操纵器electric motor operator
气动操纵器pneumatic operator
液压操纵器hydraulic operator
快速操纵器quick-acting operator
滑动阀杆sliding stem
正齿轮传动spur gear operated
伞齿轮传动bevel gear operated
扳手操作wrench operated
链轮chain wheel
手轮hand wheel
手柄hand lever (handle)
气缸（或液压缸）操纵的cylinder operated
链条操纵的chain operated
等径孔道full bore; full port
异径孔道reducing bore, reduced port,venturi port 短型short pattern
紧凑型（小型）compact type
笼式环lantern ring
压盖gland
阀杆填料stem packing
阀盖垫片bonnet gasket
升杆式（明杆）rising stem (RS)
非升杆式（暗杆）non-rising stem (NRS)
指示器/限位器indicator/stopper
注油器grease injector
可更换的阀座环renewable seat ring
1.6.2 常用阀
(1）闸阀gate valve
平行双闸板double disc parallel seat
开口楔形闸板split wedge
挠性整体楔形闸扳flexible solid wedge
整体楔形闸板solid wedge
塞型闸阀plug gate valve
直通型闸阀through conduit gate valve
(2) 截止阀globe valve
球心型阀盘globe type disc
塞型阀盘plug type disc
可转动的阀盘swivel disc
(3) 节流闪阀throttle valve
针阀needle valve
(4) 角阀angle valve
(5) Y型阀（Y 型阀体截止阀）Y-valve (Y-body globe valve)
(6) 球阀ball valve
三通球阀3-way ball valve
装有底轴的trunnion mounted
耐火型fire safe type
浮动球型floating ball type
防脱出阀杆blowout proof stem
(7) 蝶阀butterfly valve
对夹式（薄片型）wafer type
凸耳式lug type
偏心阀板蝶阀offset disc burerfly valve; eccentric butterfly valve 斜阀盘蝶阀canted disc butterfly valve
连杆式蝶阀link butterfly valve
8) 柱塞阀piston type valve
(9) 旋塞阀plug valve
三通旋塞阀three-way plug valve
四通旋塞阀four-way plug valve
旋塞cock
衬套旋塞sleeve cock
(10) 隔膜阀diaphragm valve
橡胶衬里隔膜阀rubber lined diaphragm valve
直通式隔膜阀straight way diaphragm valve
堰式隔膜阀weir diaphragm valve
(11) 夹紧式胶管阀pinch valve（用于泥浆、粉尘等）
(12) 止回阀check valve
升降式止回阀lift check valve
旋启式止回阀swing check valve, flap check valve
落球式止回阀ball check valve
弹簧球式止回阀spring ball check valve
双板对夹式止回阀dual plate wafer type check valve
无撞击声止回阀non-slam cheek valve
底阀foot valve
切断式止回阀stop check valve; non-return valve
活塞式止回阀piston check valve
斜翻盘止回阀tilting disc check valve
蝶式止回阀butterfly check valve
1.6.3 其它用途的阀
安全泄气阀safety valve (SV)
安全泄液阀relief valve (RV)
安全泄压阀safety relief valve
杠杆重锤式lever and weight type
引导阀操纵的安全泄气阀pilot operated safety valve
复式安全泄气阀twin type safety valve
罐底排污阀flush-bottom tank valve
电磁阀solenoid valve, solenoid operated valve
电动阀electrically operated valve, electric-motor operated valve 气动阀pneumatic operated valve
低温用阀cryogenic service valve
蒸汽疏水阀steam trap
机械式疏水阎mechanical trap
浮桶式疏水阀open bucket trap, open top bucket trap
浮球式疏水阀float trap
倒吊桶式疏水阀inverted bucket trap
自由浮球式疏水阀loose float trap
恒温式疏水阀thermostatic trap
金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀metal expansion steam trap
液体膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀liquid expansion steam trap
双金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀bimetallic expansion steam trap
压力平衡式恒温疏水阀balanced pressure thermostatic trap
热动力式疏水阀thermodynamic trap
脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀impulse steam trap
放气阀（自动放气阀）air vent valve (automatic air vent valve) （疏水阀用）平板式滑动闸阀slab type sliding gate valve
盖阀flat valve
换向阀diverting valve, reversing valve
热膨胀阀thermo expansion valve
自动关闭阀self-closing gate valve
自动排液阀self-draining valve
管道盲板阀line-blind valve
挤压阀squeeze valve（用于泥浆及粉尘等）
呼吸阀breather valve
风门、挡板damper
减压阀pressure reducing valve, reducing valve
控制阀control valve
膜式控制阀diaphragm operated control valve
执行机构actuator
背压调节阀back pressure regulating valve
差压调节阀differential pressure regulating valve
压力比例调节阀pressure ratio regulating valve
1.6.4 未指明结构（或阀型）的阀
切断阀block valve; shut-off valve; stop valve
调节阀regulating valve
快开阀quick opening valve
快闭阀quick closing valve
隔断阀isolating valve
三通阀three way valve
夹套阔jacketed valve
非旋转式阀non-rotary valve
排污阀blowdown valve
集液排放阀drip valve
排液阀drain valve
放空阀vent valve
卸载阀unloading valve
排出阀discharge valve
吸入阀suction valve
多通路阀multiport valve
取样阀sampling valve
手动阀hand-operated valve; manually operated valve
锻造阀forged valve
铸造阀cast valve
（水）龙头bibb; bib; faucet
抽出液阀（小阀）bleed valve
旁路阀by-pass valve
软管阀hose valve
混合阀mixing valve
破真空阀vacuum breaker
冲洗阀flush valve
第一道阀；根部阀primary valve
根部阀root valve
总管阀header valve
事故切断阀emergency valve
1.7 管道特殊件Piping Specialty
1.7.1 管道特殊件（组件）
粗滤器strainer
过滤器filter
临时粗滤器（锥型）temporary strainer (cone type)
y 型粗滤器y-type strainer
T型粗滤器T-type strainer
永久过滤器permanent filter
丝网粗滤器gauze strainer
洗眼器及淋浴器eye washer and shower
视镜sight glass
阻火器flame arrester
喷嘴；喷头spray nozzle
取样冷却器sample cooler
消声器silencer
膨胀节expansion joint
波纹膨胀节bellow expansion joint
单波single bellow
双波double bellow
多波multiple bellow
压力平衡式膨胀节pressure balanced expansion
带铰链膨胀节hinged expansion joint
轴向位移型膨胀节axial movement type expansion joint 自均衡膨胀节（外加强环）self-equalizing expansion joint 带接杆膨胀节tied expansion joint
万向型膨胀节universal type expansion joint
球形补偿器ball type expansion joint
填函式补偿器slip type (packed type) expansion joint 单向滑动填料函补偿器single actionpacked slip joint
1.7.2 管道特殊元件Piping Special Element
软管接头hose connection (HC)
快速接头quick coupling
金属软管metal hose
橡胶管rubber hose
挠性管flexible tube
鞍形补强板reinforcing saddles
补强板reinforcement pad
特殊法兰special flange
漏斗funnel
排液环drip ring
排液漏斗drain funnel
插板blank
垫环spacer
8字盲板spectacle blind; figure 8 blind
限流孔板restriction orifice
爆破片rupture disk
法兰盖贴面protective disc
费托立克接头victaulic coupling
1.8 端部连接End Connection
法兰端flanged end
坡口端beveled end (BE)
对焊端butt welded end
平端plain end (PE)
承插焊端socket welding end
螺纹端threaded end (TE)
承口bell end
焊接端welding end
法兰连接（接头）flanged joint
对焊连接（接头）butt welded joint
螺纹连接，管螺纹连接threaded joint, pipe threaded joint 锥管螺纹密封焊连接seal-welded taper pipe threaded joint 承插焊连接（接头）socket welded joint
承插连接（接头）bell and spigot joint
环垫接头ring joint (RJ)
万向接头universal joint
软钎焊连接（接头）soldered joint
搭接接头，松套连接lapped joint
外侧厚度切斜角bevel for outside thickncss
内侧厚度切斜角bevel for inside thickness
内外侧厚度切斜角bevel for combined thickness
法兰式的flanged (FLGD)
对焊的butt welded (BW)
螺纹的threaded (THD)
承插焊的socket welded (SW)
小端为平的small end plain (SEP)
大端为平的large end plain (LEP)
两端平both ends plain (BEP)
小端带螺纹small end thread (SET)
大端带螺纹large end thread (LET)
两端带螺纹both end thread (BET)
一端带螺纹one end thread (OET)
支管连接branch connection
焊接支管branch pipe welded directly to the run pipe
段落翻译 中英文对照
1. The Dragon Boat Festival, also called the Duanwu Festival, is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth month according to the Chinese calendar. For thousands of years, the festival has been marked by eating Tzung Tzu and racing dragon boats. The most important activities of this festival are the dragon boat races. Competing teams drive their colorful dragon boats forward to the rhythm（节奏,韵律） of beating drums. These exciting races were inspired by the villager's attempts to rescue Chu Yuan from the Mi Lo River. This tradition has remained unbroken for centuries. A very popular dish during the Dragon Boat festival is tzung tzu. This tasty dish consists of rice dumplings with meat, peanut, egg yolk（蛋黄）, or other fillings wrapped in bamboo leaves. The tradition of tzung tzu is meant to remind us of the village fishermen scattering rice across the water of the Mi Low River in order to appease the river dragons so that they would not devour Chu Yuan. 一，端午节 龙舟节也叫做端午节，它位于每年农历的五月初五，经过几千年的时间，划龙舟和吃粽子已经成为这个节日的标志。 端午节最重要的活动是龙舟竞赛，比赛的队伍在热烈的鼓声中划著他
商务英语口语900句-中英文对照-中文翻译资料
商务英语口语900句中英文对照中文翻译 Unit 1希望与要求 Part 1 . 1. We'd like to express our desire to establish business relationship with you on the basis of quality, mutually benefit and exchange of needed goods . 我们希望在保证质量、互惠互利以及交易彼此需要的货物的基础上和你们建立业务关系。 2 .In order to extend our export business to your country we wish to enter direct business relations with you. 为了扩大我们在贵国的出口业务，我们希望和你们建立直接贸易关系。 3. Our hope is to establish mutually beneficial trading relations between us . 希望在我们之间能够建立互惠互利的贸易关系。 4. We looking forward to further extensions of pleasant business relations. 我们期待进一步保持愉快的业务关系。 5. It’s our hope to continue with considerable business dealing with you. 我们的希望是和你们保持可观的生意往来。 6. We looking forward to receiving your quotation very soon. 我们期待尽快收到你们的报价单。 7.I hope you see from the reduction that we are really doing our utmost. 我希望你能够看到我们事实上已经作出了最大程度的让价。 8.We hope to discuss business with you at your earliest convenience. 我们希望在你方便的时候和你洽谈业务。
常用单位的中英文对照翻译
常用单位的中英文对照翻译 单位 Unit. 单位制 system of units 米 meter (m) 毫米 millimeter (mm) 英尺 foot (ft) 英寸 inch (in) 弧度 radian (rad) 度degree (°) 摄氏 Celsius. (C) 华氏 Fahrenheit (F) 磅／平方英寸 pounds per square inch (psi) 百万帕斯卡 million pascal (MPa) 巴 bar 千克（公斤） kilogram (kg) 克 gram (g) 牛顿 newton (N) 吨 ton (t) 千磅 kilopound (kip) 平方米 square meter (m 2) 方毫米 square millimeter (mm2 ) 立方米 cubic meter (m3 ) 升 liter; litre (L) 转／分 revolutions per minute (rpm) 百万分之一 parts per million (ppm) 焦（耳） Joule (J) 千瓦 kilowatt (kW) 伏（特） volt (V) 安（培） ampere (A) 欧（姆）ohm (Ω) （小）时 hour (h) 分 minute (min) 秒 second (s)
管道组成件专业英语(中英文对照) 1 管道组成件 Piping component 1.1 管子 Pipe 管子(按照配管标准规格制造的) pipe 管子(不按配管标准规格制造的其他用管) tube 钢管 steel pipe 铸铁管 cast iron pipe 衬里管 lined pipe 复合管 clad pipe 碳钢管 carbon steel pipe 合金钢管 alloy steel pipe 不锈钢 stainless steel pipe 奥氏体不锈钢管 austenitic stainless steel pipe 铁合金钢管 ferritic alloy steel pipe 轧制钢管 wrought-steel pipe 锻铁管 wrought-iron pipe 无缝钢管 seamless (SMLS) steel pipe 焊接钢管 welded steel pipe 电阻焊钢管 electric-resistance welded steel pipe 电熔（弧）焊钢板卷管 electric-fusion (arc)-welded steel-plate pipe 螺旋焊接钢管 spiral welded steel pipe 镀锌钢管 galvanized steel pipe 热轧无缝钢管 hot-rolling seamless pipe 冷拔无缝钢管 cold-drawing seamless pipe 水煤气钢管 water-gas steel pipe 塑料管 plastic pipe 玻璃管 glass tube 橡胶管 rubber tube 直管 run pipe; straight pipe 1.2 管件 Fitting 弯头 elbow 异径弯头 reducing elbow 带支座弯头 base elbow k半径弯头 long radius elbow 短半径弯头 short radius elbow
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X京房权证朝字号：1203587 X Beijing House Property Right Certificate Chao Zi 1203587
房屋所有权人赵四 Owner of the house Zhao Si 共有情况共同共有 Co-ownership Circumstance Joint possession 房屋坐落朝阳区和平街十区19号楼3层2单元306 Location Room 306, Unit 2, Floor 3, Apt. 19, Zone 10 Heping Streest, Chaoyang District 登记时间2013-01-16 Date of registration January 16, 2013 房屋性质商品房 Housing property Commercial residential building 住宅 规划用途 Residence 房屋状况建筑面积套内建筑面积 总层数其他 Building Building area Building area in the suite Total floors Others Condition （就）（就）
附记 Remarks 共有人房屋所有权共有份额 赵四X京房权朝字第1203587号共同共有 王五X京房权朝字第1203587号共同共有 Co-owner HouseProperty Right Certificate No. Share of co-ownership Zhao Si X Beijing House Property Right Certificate No. 1203587 Joint possession
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你微微地笑着，不同我说什么话。而我觉得，为了这个，我已等待得久了。 You smiled and talked to me of nothing and I feltthat f or this I had been waiting long。 人不能在他的历史中表现出他自己，他在历史中奋斗着露出头角。 Man does not reveal himself in his history， he struggl es up through it。 我们如海鸥之与波涛相遇似地，遇见了，走近了。海鸥飞去，波涛滚滚地流开，我们也分别了。 Like the meeting of the seagulls and the waves wemeet and c ome near。The seagulls fly off， the waves roll away and we depart。 当我们是大为谦卑的时候，便是我们最接近伟大的时候。 We come nearest to the great when we are great inhumili ty。 决不要害怕刹那－－永恒之声这样唱着。 Never be afraid of the moments--thus sings the voiceof the everlasting。 完全为了对不全的爱，把自己装饰得美丽。 The perfect decks itself in beauty for the love ofthe I mperfect。 错误经不起失败，但是真理却不怕失败。
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汇编原理 Principles of Assembly 概率与统计 Probability & Statistics 数据结构 Data Structure 哲学 Philosophy 微机原理 Principles of Microcomputer 编译方法 Compilation Method 系统结构 System Structure 操作系统原理 Principles of Operating System 文献检索 Documentation Retri 数据库概论 Introduction to Database 网络原理 Principles of Network 人工智能 Artificial Intelligence 算法分析 Algorithm Analysis 毕业论文 Graduation Thesis
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+plus加号；正号 -minus减号；负号 ±plus or minus正负号 ×is multiplied by乘号 ÷is divided by除号 ＝is equal to等于号 ≠is not equal to不等于号 ≡is equivalent to全等于号 ≌is equal to or approximately equal to等于或约等于号≈is approximately equal to约等于号 ＜is less than小于号 ＞is more than大于号 ≮is not less than不小于号 ≯is not more than不大于号 ≤is less than or equal to小于或等于号 ≥is more than or equal to大于或等于号 %per cent百分之… ‰per mill千分之… ∞infinity无限大号 ∝varies as与…成比例 √(square) root平方根 ∵since; because因为 ∴hence所以 ∷equals, as (proportion)等于，成比例 ∠angle角 ⌒semicircle半圆 ⊙circle圆 ○circumference圆周 πpi 圆周率 △triangle三角形 ⊥perpendicular to垂直于 ∪union of并，合集 ∩intersection of 交，通集 ∫the integral of …的积分 ∑(sigma) summation of总和 °degree度 ′minute分 ″second秒 ℃Celsius system摄氏度 { open brace, open curly 左花括号 } close brace, close curly 右花括号 ( open parenthesis, open paren 左圆括号 ) close parenthesis, close paren 右圆括号 () brakets/ parentheses 括号[ open bracket 左方括号 ] close bracket 右方括号 [] square brackets 方括号 . period, dot 句号，点 | vertical bar, vertical virgule 竖线 & ampersand, and, reference, ref 和，引用 * asterisk, multiply, star, pointer 星号，乘号，星，指针 / slash, divide, oblique 斜线，斜杠，除号 // slash-slash, comment 双斜线，注释符 # pound 井号 \ backslash, sometimes escape 反斜线转义符，有时表示转义符或续行符 ~ tilde 波浪符 . full stop 句号 , comma 逗号 : colon 冒号 ; semicolon 分号 ? question mark 问号 ! exclamation mark (英式英语) exclamation point (美式英语) ' apostrophe 撇号 - hyphen 连字号 -- dash 破折号 ... dots/ ellipsis 省略号 " single quotation marks 单引号 "" double quotation marks 双引号 ‖ parallel 双线号 & ampersand = and ～swung dash 代字号 §section; division 分节号 →arrow 箭号；参见号
英语翻译学习资料(含中英文解释)
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长句翻译中英对照
1、Just as Darwin discovered the law of development of organic nature, so Marx discovered the law of development of human history: the simple fact, hitherto concealed by an overgrowth of ideology, that mankind must first of all eat, drink, have shelter and clothing, before it can pursue polities, science, art, religion, etc.; that therefore the production of the immediate material means of subsistence and consequently the degree of economic development attained by a given people or during a given epoch form the foundation upon which the state institutions, the legal conceptions, art, and even the ideas on religion, of the people concerned have been evolved, and in the light of which they must, therefore, be explained, instead of vice versa, as had hitherto been the case. 正像达尔文发现有机界的规律一样，马克思发现了人类历史的发展规律，即历来被繁茂芜杂的意识形态所掩盖着的一个简单事实：人们首先必须吃、喝、住、穿，然后才能从事政治、科学、艺术、宗教等活动；所以，直接的物质生活资料的生产和一个民族或一个时代的一定的经济发展程度，便构成为基础，人们的国家制度，法律的概念，艺术以至宗教概念，就是从这个基础上发展起来的，因而，也必须由这个基础来解释，而不像过去那样做得正好相反。 2、Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. 行为主义者认为, 如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素, 这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展, 那么, 儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。 3、How it happened that a little rocky peninsula in a remote corner of the Mediterranean was able to provide our world in less than two centuries with the complete framework for all our present day experiments in politics, literature, drama, sculpture, chemistry, physics and Heaven knows what else, is a question
中英文对照资料外文翻译文献
中英文对照资料外文翻译文献 平设计任何时期平面设计可以参照一些艺术和专业学科侧重于视觉传达和介绍。采用多种方式相结合，创造和符号，图像和语句创建一个代表性的想法和信息。平面设计师可以使用印刷，视觉艺术和排版技术产生的最终结果。平面设计常常提到的进程，其中沟通是创造和产品设计。共同使用的平面设计包括杂志，广告，产品包装和网页设计。例如，可能包括产品包装的标志或其他艺术作品，举办文字和纯粹的设计元素，如形状和颜色统一件。组成的一个最重要的特点，尤其是平面设计在使用前现有材料或不同的元素。平面设计涵盖了人类历史上诸多领域，在此漫长的历史和在相对最近爆炸视觉传达中的第20和21世纪，人们有时是模糊的区别和重叠的广告艺术，平面设计和美术。毕竟，他们有着许多相同的内容，理论，原则，做法和语言，有时同样的客人或客户。广告艺术的最终目标是出售的商品和服务。在平面设计，“其实质是使以信息，形成以思想，言论和感觉的经验”。
在唐朝（618-906 ）之间的第4和第7世纪的木块被切断打印纺织品和后重现佛典。阿藏印在868是已知最早的印刷书籍。在19世纪后期欧洲，尤其是在英国，平面设计开始以独立的运动从美术中分离出来。蒙德里安称为父亲的图形设计。他是一个很好的艺术家，但是他在现代广告中利用现代电网系统在广告、印刷和网络布局网格。于1849年，在大不列颠亨利科尔成为的主要力量之一在设计教育界，该国政府通告设计在杂志设计和制造的重要性。他组织了大型的展览作为庆祝现代工业技术和维多利亚式的设计。从1892年至1896年威廉?莫里斯凯尔姆斯科特出版社出版的书籍的一些最重要的平面设计产品和工艺美术运动，并提出了一个非常赚钱的商机就是出版伟大文本论的图书并以高价出售给富人。莫里斯证明了市场的存在使平面设计在他们自己拥有的权利，并帮助开拓者从生产和美术分离设计。这历史相对论是，然而，重要的，因为它为第一次重大的反应对于十九世纪的陈旧的平面设计。莫里斯的工作，以及与其他私营新闻运动，直接影响新艺术风格和间接负责20世纪初非专业性平面设计的事态发展。谁创造了最初的“平面设计”似乎存在争议。这被归因于英国的设计师和大学教授Richard Guyatt，但另一消息来源于20世纪初美国图书设计师William Addison Dwiggins。伦敦地铁的标志设计是爱德华约翰斯顿于1916年设计的一个经典的现代而且使用了系统字体设计。在20世纪20年代，苏联的建构主义应用于“智能生产”在不同领域的生产。个性化的运动艺术在2俄罗斯大革命是没有价值的，从而走向以创造物体的功利为目的。他们设计的建筑、剧院集、海报、面料、服装、家具、徽标、菜单等。J an Tschichold 在他的1928年书中编纂了新的现代印刷原则，他后来否认他在这本书的法西斯主义哲学主张，但它仍然是非常有影响力。Tschichold ，包豪斯印刷专家如赫伯特拜耳和拉斯洛莫霍伊一纳吉，和El Lissitzky 是平面设计之父都被我们今天所知。他们首创的生产技术和文体设备，主要用于整个二十世纪。随后的几年看到平面设计在现代风格获得广泛的接受和应用。第二次世界大战结束后，美国经济的建立更需要平面设计，主要是广告和包装等。移居国外的德国包豪斯设计学院于1937年到芝加哥带来了“大规模生产”极简到美国;引发野火的“现代”