英语精读笔记U5-1A Few Kind Words for superstition

P1

1,grave

Adj：serious；{乐}slow Noun：坟墓，死亡，堆积处

Life beyond the grave来世

Dig one’s own~自掘坟墓

As silent/quiet as the grave寂静无声

Take the secret to the~至死保密

2，renaissance

N：文艺复兴（文化/风格）；复兴再生

Cinema-going is enjoying sth of a renaissance。去电影院看电影又有点流行了

3，irrational

A：not logical or reasonable

Not endowed with the power of reason失去理性的

He had an~belief that everybody was his enemy荒谬的

N:无理数，无理量，不尽根

4，figure

Vi，（1）guess，think（2）~sth/sb out=understand

I~ed on being there at9

5，meditation

N，（1）冥思（2）默念，默想

I left him in deep meditation

The book is a meditation on the morality of art.探讨

His later letters are intense~s on man’s exploitation of his fellows他后期的书信深刻的思考了人对同类的剥削

To practice meditation静坐默思

Meditation posture can stimulate your body energy

V，meditate

to meditate on/upon sth

A，meditative

6，UFO=unidentified flying object

7,enlightenment

N，启迪

What~can you get from the text?V,enlighten

~sb on/about sth

an~ing program有启迪性的节目

8，condemn

Vt，谴责

~sb for sth

We all~cruelty to children

If children live with criticism,they learn to condemn.在指责中长大的孩子易于怨天尤人

N Condemnation Deplore

（1）Condemn

（2）Regret strongly

外交辞令中谴责用deplore

Deplorable恶劣的极坏的

What's the trait you most deplore in yourself？你最不喜欢你自己哪点？

9，an unacknowledged hold on sb=

an unrecognized control/influence on sb

P2

1，admit to（介词)sth/being sth

2，imply

Vt暗示，暗指，意指

salesmen who use jargon to~superior knowledge

用行业术语暗示自己知识高人一等的销售

The report~ies that two million jobs might be lost.报告暗示可能会有200万人失业infer推断，推论inferable adj

3，naivete n.=naive adj

Lack of sophistication or worldliness

4，ignorance ignorant adj

N,lake of knowledge or information

He acted in~of basic procedures.他对基本程序一无所知就行动了

5，flourish

V，

（1）（人，动植物）茂盛，繁荣

Wild plants flourish on the banks of the lake.

迅速发展，兴旺，成功

The organization has continued to flourish.该机构继续发展壮大

（人）处于事业鼎盛期of this century活跃在本世纪初的那位漫画家兼幽默家

（2）人挥舞物以引起注意，炫耀

“Happy New Year”he yelled,flourishing a bottle of whisky.他挥动着威士忌酒瓶喊着：新年好

6,manifestation

N:表现形式，化身

The butterfly was one of the many~s of the goddess.蝴蝶是女神的众多化身之一。

Language is both the carrier and the main~of culture.语言是文化的载体也是文化的主要表现形式Unlike acid rain of deforestation,global warming has no visible~.与酸雨和森林滥伐不同，全球变暖没有明确的可见形式

7，indisputably=undoubtedly=unquestionably

Adj，unable to be challenged or denied无可争辩的，无可置疑的，不可否认的

a far from indisputable fact一个远非无可置疑的事实

This painting is~one of his finest works.

8，rational

Adj：(1)based on or in accordance with reason or logic基于理性的，合理的，基于/合乎逻辑的

I'm sure there is a perfectly rational explanation我确信有完全合理的解释

(2)(of a person)able to think clearly,sensibly and logically人理性的；理智的；明事理的

Sarah is upset-she is not being very rational.萨拉烦躁不安--她现在不太理智。

Man is a rational being人是理性动物

N：有理数--irrational无理数

P3

1，assure

Vt：（1）向..保证（以消除疑虑）

Tony assured me that there was a supermarket in the village.

“I quite understand”Mrs Lewis assured her

They assured him of their full confidence他们向他保证他们充满信心

（2）使确信

You would be assured of a welcome你肯定会受到欢迎

She assured herself that he was asleep她确信他睡着了

（3）使必然发生be assured

Victory was now assured胜券在握

Their influence assured that the report would be tough他们的影响势必会使报导很艰难

（4）（英）保险（人寿）；确保获得（保险金）

2，vain~Observances镇邪压魔

(1)虚荣的

be~of/about sth（one's clothes）在衣服方面很虚荣

(2)~and futile无效徒劳的

She made a~attempt to do sth白费口舌，白费力气

In vain劳而无功

The death of those soldiers were not in vain

3，spill

V/N（1）（无意）溢出，泼出

You will spill that tea if you are not careful你一不小心就会把茶水泼出来

Azaleas spilled cascades of flowers over the pathways小路上到处都盛开着一片片的杜鹃花Years of frustration spilled over into violence多年的失意终于爆发成暴力行为

（2）（东西）倒出，洒落，散落

Passengers’baggage had spilled out of the hold旅客的行李从货舱中跌落出来

The bag fell to the floor,spilling out its contents袋子掉在地板上，里面的东西撒了一地Students began to spill out of the building学生们开始快速的涌出大楼

The horse was wrenched off course,spilling his rider.马被猛拽离开了跑道，把骑手摔了下来Spill the beans无意/不慎泄露秘密

Spill someone's blood杀/伤人

Spill one's guts和盘托出

4，a pinch of sth=a little of sth

拧一把to give sb a~on the bottom/in the leg

At/in the pinch紧要关头

Take sth with a~of salt=it’s not completely true

You have to take everything she says with a pinch of salt,because she does tend to exaggerate 5,with a wink=jokingly

Give/throw sb a wink

Don’t get a wink of sleep=don’t sleep a wink我简直没合过眼

Time passes by in the wink of the eye时光飞逝

P4

1，divination

N.占术，预言

Palm-reading is a kind of divination.手相2，Oracle

N.神谕，圣人，睿智的回答（模棱两可，隐晦）to consult the oracle向行家请教

3，scorn

N鄙视，蔑视

To have/feel scorn for sb/sth

I don’t want to become the object of scorn鄙视的对象

His stupid suggestion filled her with scorn.他愚蠢的建议使她看不起他

His suggestion was dismissed with scorn.轻蔑的打发了

V（1）讽刺，嘲笑

The minister scorned Labour’s attempt to woo voters部长嘲笑了共党的拉票行为（2）reject sth in a contemptuous way轻蔑的拒绝，弃绝

a letter scorning his offer of intimacy一封回绝他的求爱的信

（3）Refuse to do sth becasue one is tooproud不屑于做

At her lowest ebb,she would have scorned to stoop to such tactics

Pour scorn on=speak with contempt or mockery of鄙视，讥讽

4，resolve

V（1）解决（问题，争端，争论）

The firm aims to~problems within30days

使病情消散，治愈with object

病情症状消散痊愈no object

Symptoms~ed after a median of four weeks四周左右以后症状消退了

We have to resolve this industrial dispute at once劳资争端

（2）（正式）决定决心，（正式）打定主意

She~ed that she would never speak to him

After an hour of argument,they~ed on/against going to the party

She~ed to ring Dana as soon as she got home

(3)解析，分析，解离~sth into

the ability to resolve facts into their legal categories把不同事实分解纳入各自法律范畴的能力（当远处物体看的更清楚时）变成

The orange light~ed itself into four roadwork lanterns橘黄色的亮光变成了四盏道路施工灯

N.决心，决定

She received information that strengthened her resolve她收到消息后决心更坚定了

She intended to stick to her initial resolve她打算坚持她最初的决定

5，humble

Adj：（1）谦卑的，谦逊的；（行为，思想）恭顺的，卑躬屈膝的

I felt very humble when meeting her遇到她时，我自叹弗如

my humble apologies我低声下气的道歉

（2）（社会地位，行政政治级别）不显要，卑贱的，低下的

She came from a humble,unprivileged background他出身卑微贫穷

（3）（事物）简陋的，规模小的

He built the business empire from humble beginnings他从小本生意开始逐步建立了这个商业王国V：卑躬屈膝，低声下气

I knew he had humbled himself to ask for my help我知道他是降低了身价来求我帮助

6，appeal

V（1）对xx有吸引力to interest or attract sb

Bright colors~to small children

X is a TV program designed to~22-30year olds

(2)呼吁，上诉，要求，敦促

Police are appealing for information about the incident呼吁提供

Police appealed to public for恳求公众

I~ed to his sense of justice我呼吁他发扬他的正义感

He said he would~against the conviction针对这一定罪提出上诉

Your only remedy is to~to law诉诸法律

7，absolve V宣布免除x的过失罪行责任恕罪

The pardon absolved them of any crimes赦免令免除了他们所有的罪行

The report absolved he from/of all blame for accident那个报告免除了她关于事故的所有指责He can not entirely~himself of the charge

8，Almost，but no quite大部分，但不是全部P5

1,idolatry

N：（偶像）崇拜religious zeal

The blind and excessive devotion to idolatry盲目崇拜

2，jujus

（1）恋物

（2）护身符bringers of luck

3，modest

Adj（1）谦虚的谦逊的谦恭的

He was a very~man,refusing to take any credit for the enterprise

(2)数量，等级，水平relatively moderate,limited or small适中的适度的有限的

(3)居所不奢华的，朴实无华的，朴素的a~flat

(4)女子衣着端庄的，举止正派的

(5)服装不显身材的

Modest dress means that hemlines must be below the knee不显身材的服装底边要过膝盖moderate

Adj：（1）average in amount，intensity,quality or degree中等的，普通的，一般的，平庸的

We walked at a moderate pace我们走的不快不慢人，党派，政策非激进的，稳健的

a moderate reform programme一项稳健的改革方案

N：政治上持温和观点者

V：（1）（使）变和缓，减轻，减弱，（使）变温和

I shall not moderate my criticism我不会减弱我的批评

His moderating influence in the army was now needed more than ever此刻更需要他在军队中所起的缓和作用

The weather has moderated considerably天气已经好多了

（2）审核（试卷，结果，候选人）

（3）（学术，宗教场合）主管（审议机构）；主持（辩论）

a panel moderated by a Harvard University law professor由一位哈佛大学法学教授主持的专题小组

P6

1，learn（learned or learnt英）

V：（1）gain or acquire knowledge of or skill in sth by study,experience,or being taught (2)commit to memory背，记诵

I'd learned too many grim poems in school压抑的诗篇

(3)得知，获悉become aware of sth by information or from observation

I learned that they had eaten already

The trading standards office learned of the illegal network贸易标准局得知了那非法网络Learn one’s lesson

Learned

Adj博学的，有学问的，学术的，学者的my learned friend

2，altar

N.祭台，圣坛，圣餐台

The pilgrims prostrated themselves before the altar朝圣者们拜倒在祭坛前

Lead someone to the altar=marry a woman

No businessman is going to sacrifice his company on/at the altar of such altruism利他主义而牺牲3，chapel小教堂殡仪馆

Go to chapel/church

4，bribery

N贿赂

Commercial~is the rebate回扣就是贿赂受贿to accept/take a~

行贿to pay/offer/give bribery to sb bribe vt

to~sb with sth

to~sb into doing sth

P7

1,submerge

V（1）cause to be under water

House had been flooded and cars submerged房子进了水，汽车浸没在水中

descend below the surface of an area of water潜入水中没入水中

The U-boat had time to submerge那艘德国潜艇曾有时间潜到水下

completely cover or obscure湮灭湮没使沉浸

The tensions submerged earlier in the campaign now came to the fore竞选初期湮没的紧张局势现在突破了

~oneself in an activity专心投入某事

N.submersion

~in alcohol

2，crude

Adj（1）做工粗糙，无提炼的

~oil原油

~woodwork

~idea/notion不成熟的（2）（性）粗俗的rude Most of his jokes are~（3）{统计}概约的；（估计猜测）粗略的，约略的

The crude mortality rate概约死亡率

N.Crudeness crudity

3，consciousness

N(1)the state of being awake and aware of one’s surroundings知觉，清醒She failed to regain consciousness and died two days later

(2)the awareness or perception of sth by a person感觉意识观念

her acute~of Luke’s presence她对鲁克在场的敏锐感觉

（3）the fact of awareness by the mine of itself and the world意识4，chronicle编年史记事A~of the Chinese=story

5，prevalent=prevail v

Adj widespread in a particular area at a particular time流行的盛行的普遍的the social ills prevalent in society today当今社会盛行的社会弊病

6，Terror

（1）in~惊骇extreme fear

（2）引起恐怖的人或事the~of

His delivery is the terror of even world-class batsmen

Have/hold no terror for someone不使某人害怕Struck terror in sb's heart心惊胆战

in terror of the Deity 7，bound

N pl边界界线限制范围

be within/outside the bounds of the laws The staff room is out of~to students

P8

1,decline

V(1)好的事物变小变少减少降低

The birth rate/production/profit/population continued to~

生育率继续下降

减弱下降恶化

her health/reputation began to~

Declining industry衰退的产业

谢绝婉言拒绝

Kate declined the coffee推辞不喝

The company declined to comment拒绝做出评论N日渐衰退，持续减少，不断下降，贬值

a civilization in decline/a~in price/health日渐衰落的文明

The~of world coffee prices世界咖啡价格的下跌Declining years/the~year垂暮之年，衰败期

2，resume

V(1)（中断后）重新开始，继续to start again after a pause

A day later normal service was resumed一天后恢复了正常服务

Hostilities had ceased and normal life had resumed冲突停止了，正常生活又得以重新开始

He sipped at the glass of water on the lectern and then resumed他拿起讲桌上的水杯喝了一小口，然后接着往下讲

“as for Joe”the Major resumed,”I can’t promise anything”

The wind died down for an hour,but~

(2)take,pick up,or put on again;return to the use of重占重选重穿重新使用

The judge resumed his seat法官回到了座位上

3，under the watchful eye of小心照顾下

4，minatory Adj formal expressing or conveying a threat

He is unlikely to be deterred by minatory finger-wagging他不大可能被威胁性的摇摇手指所吓退Threatening=menacing小于minatory

5，placate--placatory adj

Vt to stop sb from feeling angry

You’d better placate your father’s angry

The email made him furious,and it took some time to~him

6,cajole V甜言蜜语哄骗~sb into/out of doing sth

She pleaded and cajoled as she tried to win his support她又是恳求又是劝诱，试图赢得他的支持I don’t want to~you into accepting my view

She managed to~him out of leaving early

7,make one’s appearance==show up

8,unbidden<书面语>not invited or wanted

An~guest不速之客A group of~monks The tears came~to her eyes不由自主的

9,crack

N(l)裂缝，缝隙

a hairline~down the middle of the glass玻璃杯中下部的一条极细的裂缝

He climbed into a~between two rocks The door opened a tiny~

瑕疵，脆弱点，缺点

The company spotted a~in their rival’s defences公司发现了他们对手答辩中有个漏洞

（2）爆炸声噼啪声a loud crack of thunder一声霹雳

（3）（发声响的）猛烈一击

She gave the thief a~over the head with her rolling pin她用擀面杖猛击小偷的头部

（4）嗓音突然变化，变粗变哑The boy’s voice had an uncertain crack in it

（5）尝试I fancy having a~at winning a fourth title我想试试能否能第四次夺冠

V（1）（使）爆裂断裂屈服

Take care not to~the glass

His face~ed into a smile她笑得合不拢嘴

She~ed an egg into the frying pan

The witness~ed and the truth came out证人屈服了真相被透露了出来

No one can~them-they believe their cover story没人能使他们屈服-他们相信自己编造的故事（2）（使）发出噼啪声

A shot~ed across the ridge山脉那边想起来一声枪声

He~ed hi whip and galloped away他甩了个响鞭，骑马飞驰而去

（3）撞击打击

She winced as her knees~ed against metal她因膝盖撞上了金属而面露痛苦万状

She ~ed him across the forehead 她猛击他的前额（4）（非正式）解决破译解释成功获得The coed will help you ~the messages

He ~ed a brilliant goal 他达到了很高的目标Adj 顶呱呱的第一流的非常棒的He is a ~shot ~troops 精锐部队

Crack a book 开始学习~a bottle 开瓶喝酒~of dawn 拂晓黎明

Life on tour is not as glamorous as it’s ~ed up to be 旅行生活并不像所说的那么迷人~down on 镇压制裁~on 加紧干迅速进行

10，persist

V （1）坚持，执意

the minority of drivers who ~in drinking 那些少数执意要喝酒的司机

We are ~ing with policies that will create jobs for the future 我们坚持今后能创造工作机会的政策（2）持续延续continue to exist;be prolonged

If the symptoms persist for more than a few days,then contact your doctor

11,compulsion an urge or force that makes you do sth

N (被)强迫强制；（违反本人意愿）不可抗拒的冲动，强制性冲动，强迫作用The payment was made under compulsion 支付是被强制执行的

He felt a ~to babble on about what had happened 他感到一种无法抗拒的冲动迫使他把所发生的事情稀里糊涂的说出来

There is no ~on her to do this.Only by ~did he take the medicine He felt a great ~to drive fast Compulsive 难以抑制的~cleaner/gambler 洁癖者

Compulsory 牵制的必修的

~subject/education/military service/legislation 必修课义务教育义务兵役强制性法律

12，neurosis 神经官能症neuroses neurotic adj be ~about sth 对xx 神经质的13，banish banishment

V （1）放逐，流放send sb away from a country or place as an official punishment A number of people were ~ed to Siberia for political crimes (2)清除废除get rid of,abolish,or forbid(sth unwated)

All thoughts of romance were ~ed from her head 她清除了脑中所有的浪漫想法

P9

1,widespread

Adj found or distributed over a large area or number of people 分布广的散布广的普遍的There was ~support for the war 对战争的支持是普遍的

2，rise rose risen

V/N (1)上升

The tiny aircraft rose from the ground The sun had just risen 太阳刚刚升起

A fish rose and was hooked and landed一条鱼游到水面，上了钩，被钓上了岸

My voice rose an octave or two as I screamed我尖叫时，嗓门升高了一两个八度

The officer was a man of great courage who had risen from the ranks这个军官是个行伍出身的勇士He struggled to rise above his humble background他努力摆脱出身卑微的影响

I try to rise above prejudice我试图不抱偏见

（2）站起，(早晨)起床

She pushed back her chair and rose I rose and got dressed

The judge’s remark heralded the signal for the court to rise即将休庭

Your sister has risen from the dead死而复生

The wind continued to rise继续增强

The Euphrates rises in Turkey幼发拉底河发源于土耳其

The activists urged militant factions to rise up激进分子敦促好战派起来反抗

He did not rise to my teasing他没有怒对我的取笑

Many participants in the race had never sailed before,but they rose to the challenge战胜

the rising tide of crime上升趋势

Jim’s stomach rose at the foul bedding恶心

She was thirty-nine rising forty

Get/take a rise out of因取笑而惹恼怒

On the rise在上升，变得更成功

Rise with the sun/dark早起/晚起

Someone’s star is rising某人越来越成功（受欢迎）

3，be indifferent to漠不关心无动于衷4，creed N a set of beliefs信条信义Color，race or creed肤色人种或宗教信仰

5，sneeze打喷嚏

V The smoke made her sneeze

N He stopped a sudden~

A saving of550Yuan was not to be~ed at不可小瞧

6，absent形前动后

Adj（1）缺席的not present in a place or at an occasion

Most pupils were~from school at least once大部分学生至少缺过一次课

（2）（身体部位或特征）缺少的

Wings are~in several species of crane flies有几种大蚊没有翅膀

（3）（表情神态）走神的心不在焉

She looked up with an~smile她带着心不在焉的笑容抬起头

V stay or go away避开离开~oneself

Various people~ed themselves because of his presence就因为有他在，很多人都没有来Halfway through the meal,he~ed himself from the table吃到一半，他就离席了7，hasten

Vt（1）赶紧急忙be quick to do sth

He~ed to refute the assertion他急忙反驳这种说法

（2）move or travel hurriedly We~ed back to Paris我们急忙赶回巴黎

（3）Cause sth to happen sooner than it otherwise would是不好的事情加速发生

Poor medical treatment~ed her death

8,lest连接词书面语以免，免得唯恐in order to prevent any possibility that sth will happen 从句中用虚拟语气should可以省略

He spent whole days in his room,headphones on lest he disturb anyone他整天整体呆在屋里，头上戴着耳机，以免打搅别人

She sat up late worrying lest he be murdered on the way home她满怀焦虑守候到很晚，唯恐他在回家的路上被谋杀

9，ceremony

N（1）庆典典礼仪式

（2）重大场合的礼仪The new Queen was proclaimed with due~新女王依据相应礼仪宣告登基

（3）礼貌He showed them to their table with great~他彬彬有礼的把他们带到餐座前

Stand on~讲究礼节，拘礼We don’t stand on~in this house

without~径直的不打招呼不礼貌的He was pushed without~into the bathroom他被粗暴推进了浴室P10

1，disagreeable

Learn to disagree without being~要学会平和的发表反对意见

2,proliferate

Vi,to increase greatly and suddenly in number

3,sober

(1)not drunk

A man of~judgment As~as a judge

Be stone cold~(2)serious and calm

In a~mood

The whole wedding was a~affair Gray is a~color

4,discredit

V~one’s name by gossip~your story

N a~to his family

P11

1,yearn V for sth/The boy~s to be left alone

2,have some hand in=find some way to control To have the situation well in hand

To keep one;s feeling well in control

That father had a firm hand on the finance in his family

3,parade

A big military~was held last year

P12

1,aloof adj超然的

2,swarthy adj dark-colored sun-tanned 3,infant N小孩子In~formula

Infancy N襁褓期in~

4，humble low in rank or position,not important He is a man of~origin

He is of~birth

A~engineer

Be it ever so~,there is no place like home

Please accept our~apology for the error

In my~opinion,we should never started the project

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ISBN978-7-04-016242-4。 3、Lanwood.《新编剑桥商务英语》（第二版学生用书）及练习册（中级）经济科技出 版社 4、《新视野商务英语》外语教学与研究出版社 考核方式：考查，是平时成绩（50%）的重要参考内容。学生平时的出勤率（约占10%），平时作业情况（约占20%）课堂表现情况（约占20%）。 【具体教学内容】

大学英语精读1--第三版--课文英汉对照.

UNIT 1 As we are at the start of the course, this seems a good moment to offer some advice on how to make the task of learning English easier. 课程开始之际，就如何使学习英语的任务更容易提出一些建议似乎正当其时。 Some Strategies for Learning English Learning English is by no means easy. It takes great diligence and prolonged effort. 学习英语绝非易事。它需要刻苦和长期努力。 Nevertheless, while you cannot expect to gain a good command of English without sustained hard work, there are various helpful learning strategies you can employ to make the task easier. Here are some of them. 虽然不经过持续的刻苦努力便不能期望精通英语，然而还是有各种有用的学习策略可以用来使这一任务变得容易一些。以下便是其中的几种。 1. Do not treat all new words in exactly the same way. Have you ever complained about your memory because you find it simply impossible to memorize all the new words you are learning? But, in fact, it is not your memory that is at fault. If you cram your head with too many new words at a time, some of them are bound to be crowded out. What you need to do is to deal with new words in different ways according to how frequently they occur in everyday use. While active words demand constant practice and useful words must be committed to memory, words that do not often occur in everyday situations require just a nodding acquaintance. You will find concentrating on active and useful words the most effective route to enlarging your vocabulary. 1. 不要以完全同样的方式对待所有的生词。你可曾因为简直无法记住所学的所有生词而抱怨自己的记忆力太差？其实，责任并不在你的记忆力。如果你一下子把太多的生词塞进头脑，必定有一些生词会被挤出来。你需要做的是根据生词日常使用的频率以不同的方式对待它们。积极词汇需要经常练习，有用的词汇必须牢记，而在日常情况下不常出现的词只需见到时认识即可。你会发现把注意力集中于积极有用的词上是扩大词汇量最有效的途径。 2. Watch out for idiomatic ways of saying things. Have you ever wondered why we say, "I am interested in English", but "I am good at French"? And have you ever asked yourself why native English speakers say, "learn the news or secret", but "learn of someone's success or arrival"? These are all examples of idiomatic usage. In learning English, you must pay attention not only to the meaning of a word, but also to the way native speakers use it in their daily lives. 2．密切注意地道的表达方式。你可曾纳闷过，为什么我们说“我对英语感兴趣”是“I'm interested in English”，而说“我精于法语”则是“I'm good at French”？你可曾问过自己，为什么以英语为母语的人说“获悉消息或秘密”是“learn the news or secret”，而“获悉某

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one that is closest in meaning to the 1. Living on an isolated farm, they do not see anybody for weeks on end. D. endlessly D. announced D. become excited D. refused I’ll not stand in why you didn’t try for a university D. I feel pity 8. Jack came to the party with a young woman, whom I assumed to be his girl friend. D. granted D. frightened D. went away from me D. particular about “Yes” or “No”. A. to continue B. to start C. to hold up D. to stir up 14. Our time is running out and I think we ought to say something about the ending of the novel. A. We have enough time B. We have almost used up our time C. We haven’t enough time D. Our time is limited 15. These courses, if properly conducted, will stimulate the minds of the students. A. refresh B. renew C. excite D. encourage Ⅱ. Complete each of the following sentences with a word or phrase chosen from the list below. Change the form if necessary: 10’ prescribed, communicative, stand in the way of, catch his breath, complain, turn…against, risk, variety, present, once in a while 1. For my own part, everything is O.K. I have nothing to ________ of. 2. It was very clever of her to _______ his argument ________ himself. 3. The tired traveler stopped to _________ and make sure of his directions. 4. Yunnan Province, in southwest China, has a ________ of ethnic minority groups (少数民族). 5. Most of the evenings we watch TV at home, but _________ we go to a concert. 6. For a time she looked sad and talked little, but recently has become cheerful and ________. 7. “Your ________ at the meeting will be a great support to our cause,” says the cable. 8. Mr. Price ________ defeat in running against Mr. Johnson in the last election. 9. Nothing can _________ the Chinese people in their resolve to modernize their country. 10. After a careful examination, the doctor ________ a new medicine and a three-day rest for her. Ⅲ. Reading comprehension: 20’ (A) Baths and bathing have long been considered of medical importance to man. In Greece there are the ruins (遗迹) of a bathtub (浴缸) and water system built over 3,000 years ago. The Romans had warm public baths. In some as many as 3,000 persons could bathe at the same time. Treating disease by bathing has been popular for centuries. Modern medical bathing or hydrotherapy (水治疗法) , first became popular in Europe and by the late 1700’s also became popular in the United States. For many years frequent bathing was believed to be bad for one’s health. Ordinary bathing just to be clean was avoided and perfume was often used to cover up body smells! By the 1770’s doctors began to say that soap and water were good for health. They believed that it was good for people to be cleaned. Slowly people began to bathe more frequently. During the Victorian Age of the late 19th century, taking a bath on Saturday night

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