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七年级下册语文语法——短 语

七年级下册语文语法——短   语
七年级下册语文语法——短   语

七年级下册语文语法——短语

并列短语

个子高深受感动淡淡的芳香

垮下来重视语文谦虚而恳切

这些都是词和词组合起来构成的短语(也称“词组”)

从结构上说,短语主要包括:并列短语、偏正短语、主谓短语、动宾短语和补充短语。

并列短语由两个或两个以上的名词、代词、动词或形容词组成,词和词之间是并列关系,一般没有轻重主次之分。有的直接组合,有的则靠连词组合在一起。例如:

报纸杂志雄伟壮丽改革开放油盐酱醋

你与他土地和杂草热烈而粗犷表扬与鼓励

偏正短语

我们学了结构助词“的”和“地”,由它们连接起来的短语就属于偏正短语。你能从下面的例子中看出偏正短语的特点吗?

它的.声音这样的.地方精神的.宁静最小的.花苞

好奇地.问不断地.流着默默地.生长千百次地.挣扎

第一个短语由“的”连接,“的”后边的名字是中心语,前边的代词、名词、形容词等是定语:这是定中关系的偏正短语。第二组短语由“地”连接,“地”后边的动词,(有时是形容词)是中心语,前边的形容词、数量词等是状语:这是状中关系的偏正短语。

也有不用“的”或“地”连接的定中或状中关系的偏正短语,例如:

一泓泉水外国朋友生日礼物第一场春雨

很委屈更加坚强完全相信热烈欢迎

主谓短语

太阳升老师讲课小明进门大家唱歌

桃花红心情好他聪明我们高兴

这两组短语都是先出现一个被陈述的对象,然后陈述这个对象的动作行为、性质特征等,都属于主谓短语。

主谓短语中,被陈述的对象是主语,主要由名词和代词充当:用来陈述的是谓语,主要由动词和形容词充当。

动宾短语

眨眼睛看电影写文章夸奖我拜访他

喷出火焰看到长城出现故障热爱祖国安排任务

上面这些短语,前边是动词,后边是受动词支配的宾语,二者构成动宾关系,称为动宾短语。在动宾短语中,宾语主要是回答“谁”“什么”“哪里”等,一般由名词、代词等充当。

下面的语句出自《伟大的悲剧》。试着找出其中的动词和它的宾语,了解动宾短语在句子结构中的作用。

(1)他们谁也不想安慰别人……

(2)斯科特接受了这项任务,他要忠实地去履行这一最冷酷无情的职责……

(3)因为一旦偏离方向,错过了贮藏点,无异于直接走向死亡。

补充短语

我们前边学过的结构助词“得”,“得”用在动词或形容词后边时,常常引出补充性成分,“得”就成为这类补充短语的标志。例如:干得.很好跑得.出汗了

热得.难受密得.不透气

从上边的例子可以看出,补充短语的前一部分常常是动词或形容词,后一部分起补充说明作用,主要是由动词或形容词性词语充当。

有些补充短语没有“得”字作标志,阅读时需要仔细辨别。例如:吓/跑了升/起来了放松/下来

热/死了湿/透了漂亮/极了

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