历年自考英语词汇学真题1

全国2003年4月英语词汇学试题

第一部分选择题（共30分）

Ⅰ．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)

1.The process of meaning relation is also

called .()

A．extension B．degradation C．specializatio n D．elevation

2.Idioms in the coursebook are used in a . ()

A．broad sense B．narrow sense C．figurative sense D．special sense

3.The relationship between the linguistic sign and

a referent is . ()

A．conventional B．non-conventional C．concrete D．specific

4.The way to define an antonym is based on . ()

A．contradiction B．contrariness C．oppositeness D．relativeness

5.The fact that the whole vocabulary can be divided up into fields can be exemplified

by .()

A．Roget‘s Thesaurus B．Concise Oxford Dictionary

C．New Webster‘s Dictionary D．Co-build Dictionary

6.Context meaning.（）

A．explains B．interprets C．defines D．all the above

7.Though still at work today , can hardly compare with what it was in the past. （）A．word-formation B．borrowing C．derivation D．conversion

8.Structural stability means the structure of an idiom is generally . （）A．movable B．unstable C．unchangeable D．ununderstandable

9.Sentence idioms can be divided into .

（）

A．declarative and imperative B．interrogative and exclamative

C．verbal and adverbial D．both A and B 10. is considered to be a highly-inflected language. （）

A．Old English B．Middle English C．Early Modern English D．Late Modern English

11.A morpheme that can stand alone as a word is thought to be . （）

A．affixational B．derivational C．free D ．bound

12.The introduction of at the end of the 6th century had a great impact on the English vocabulary. （）

A．printing B．Christianity C．French

words D．all the above

13.Which of the following statements is true? （）

A． Every word has reference.

B． Every word has sense.

C． Every word is semantically motivated.

D． Every word is conceptually motivated.

14.Which of the following statements is CORRECT? （）

A． The English language is noted for its modest borrowings.

B． Loan words only refer to those borrowings in form.

C． Loan words are all unrecognisable as being foreign in origin.

D． Loan words can be grouped according to manner of borrowing.

15.The relationship between words and things in

the world is established by means of .

（）

A．reference B．sense C．concept D．m eaning

第二部分非选择题（共70分）

Ⅱ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10%)

16.The degraded meaning ―sexual desire ‖of the word ―lust ‖comes from its old meaning

―‖.

17.Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and .

18.The headword or entries are defined in the same language in a dictionary.

19.The basic word stock forms the

common of the language.

20 Conceptual meaning is also known

as meaning.

Ⅲ.Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) sense relations , 2) types of context , and 3) modes of word-meaning changes.(10%)

A B

()21.difference in connotation A. fond (from ―foolish‖ to ―affectionate‖)

()22.perfect homonym B. homely /domestic ()23.degradation C. date ;date

()24.transfer D. diseasing (from

―discomfort ‖to ―illness‖)

()25.elevation E. fabulous (from

―resembling a fable ‖to ―incredible‖)

()26.narrowing F. journal (from ―daily paper‖ to ―periodical‖ )

()27.extension G. silly (from ―happy‖ to

―foolish‖)

()28.generalization H. pitiful (from ―full of pity‖ to ―deserving pity‖)()29.grammatical context I. It was a nice ball. ()30.lexical context J. Visiting aunts can be boring.

Ⅳ.Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of word formation , 2) types of affixes, 3) types of dictionaries, and 4) the type of idiom. (10%)

31.LDCE ()

32.deadline ()

33.-ize,-en,-ate ()

34.an affix that indicates grammatical relationships ()

35.VOA ()

36.The Oxford Dictionary of English

Etymology ()

37.CED ()

38.telephone → phone ()

39.fly in the ointment ()

40.hostess ()

Ⅴ.Define the following terms.(10%)

41.a variation of an idiom

42.morphs

43.synonym

44.jargon

45.semantic motivation

Ⅵ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%)

46.What is the role of context?

47.Is it true that archaic and obsolete words in English will remain for ever out of use?

48.What is the difference between partial and full conversion? Explain with two examples.

Ⅶ.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(18%) 49.Read the extract, pick out the idioms and explain their meanings. Then rewrite the extract in standard non-figurative language.

Sam is getting on ,too .His hair is pepper and salt, but he knows how to make up for lost time by taking it easy.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/557980828.html,ment on the following pairs of sentences in terms of subordinates and superordinates.

a. The girl got a book in the university.

b. The girl borrowed a dictionary from the department.

全国2004年4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题

I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)

1. There are ______ major classes of compounds.

A. two

B. for

C. three

D. five

2. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. Connotative meaning refers to associations suggested by the conceptual meaning.

B. Stylistic meaning accounts for the formality of the word concerned.

C. Affective meaning is universal to all men alike.

D. Denotative meaning can always be found in the dictionary.

3. After the invading Germanic tribes settled down in Britain, their language almost totally blotted out ______.

A. Old English

B. Middle English

C. Anglo-Saxon

D. Celtic

4. The idiom ―Jack of all trades‖ results from

______.

A. addition

B. position-shifting

C. dismembering

D. shortening 5. ______ are those that cannot occur as separate words without adding other morphemes.

A. Free roots

B. Free morphemes

C. Bound morphemes

D. Meaningful units

6. The major factors that promote the growth of modern English are ______.

A. the growth of science and technology

B. economic and political changes

C. the influence of other cultures and languages

D. all the above

7. Since the beginning of this century, ______ has become even more important for the expansion of English vocabulary.

A. word-formation

B. borrowing

C. semantic change

D. both B and C

8. Which of the following characteristics of the basic word stock is the most important?

A. Stability

B. Collocability.

C. Productivity.

D. National character.

9. The two major factors that cause changes in meaning are ______.

A. historical reason and class reason

B. historical reason and psychological reason

C. class reason and psychological reason

D. extra-linguistic factors and linguistic factors

10. The fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants is whether ______.

A. they come from the same source

B. they are correlated with one central meaning

C. they are listed under one headword in a dictionary

D. all the above

11. Degradation of meaning is the opposite of

______.

A. semantic transfer

B. semantic pejoration

C. semantic elevation

D. semantic narrowing

12. An idiom consists of at least two

words. Each has a single meaning and often functions as one word. This is called ______. A. semantic unity B. structural stability

C. rhetorical function

D. none of the above

13. Which of the following suffixes can be used to form both nouns and adjectives? ______

A. -ion.

B. -ism.

C. -ity.

D.

-ist.

14. More often than not, functional words only have ______.

A. lexical meaning

B. associative meaning

C. collocative meaning

D. grammatical meaning

15. Linguistic context is also known as ______ context.

A. social

B. verbal

C.

lexical D. physical

II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)

16. In the course book, the idioms are classified according to ______ functions.

17. Linguistic context can be further divided into ______ context and grammatical context.

18. The ______ languages made only a small contribution to the English vocabulary with a few place names like Avon, kent, Themes.

19. Morphemes which are identical with root words are considered to be ______.

20. According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.

III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) stylistic meanings; 2)language groups; 3)degrees of inflections and 4) onomatopoeic motivation. (10%)

A B

( )21. apes A. colloquial

( )22. Old English B. a language of full endings

( )23. Irish C. Italic

( )24. tiny D. very formal and official ( )25. French E. yelp

( )26. cattle F. poetic

( )27. domicile G. Celtic

( )28. abode H. gibber

( )29. foxes I. a language of leveled endings

( )30. Middle English J. low

Ⅳ. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of affixes; 2) types of meaning and 3) types of motivation. (10%)

31. mismanage ( )

32. elephants-trumpet ( )

33. pretty ( )

34. forehead ( )

35. bossy ( )

36. sun: a heavenly body which gives off light, heat ( )

37. anti-establishment ( )

38. subsea ( )

39. a sea of troubles ( )

40. harder ( )

Ⅴ. Define the following terms. (10%)

41. idiom

42. functional words

43. degradation

44. bilingual dictionary

45. conversion

Ⅵ. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%)

46. What factors should one take into account when he chooses a dictionary?

47. What are the features of compounds? Give examples.

48. Cite ONE example to illustrate what grammatical meaning is.

Ⅶ. Analyze and comment on the

following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%)

49. Read the following extract and try to guess the meaning of the word in italics. Then explain what contextual clues help you work out the meaning.

?Get me an avocado, please,‘Janet said, smacking her lips, but her brother, with a glance up at the branches, said that there were none ripe yet.

50. Make a tree diagram to arrange the following words in order of hyponymy.

apple, cabbage, food, vegetable, mutton, fruit, peach, meat, beef, orange, spinach, pork, celery 2005年4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试卷＋答案

第一部分选择题

I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative

answers．Choose the one that would best complete the

statement and put the letter in the bracket．(30％)

1．There are two approaches to the study of polysemy．Theyare______.

A．primary and secondary B．central and peripheral

C．diachronic and synchronic D．formal and functional [ ]

2．Which of the following is NOT a stylistic feature of idioms?

A．Colloquial B．Slang

C．Negative D．Literary [ ] 3．Synonyms can be classified into two major groups，that is：_____.

A．absolute and relative B．absolute and complete

C．relative and near D．complete and identical [ ]

4．In the early period of Middle English，English，____existed side by side，

A．Celtic and Danish B．Danish and French

C．Latin and Celtic D．French and Latin [ ]

5．Amonomorphemic word is a word that consists of a single_______morpheme．

A．formal B．concrete

C．free D．bound [ ]

6．Whch of the following groups of words is NOT onomatopoeically motivated?

A，croak，drum B．squeak，bleat

C．buzz，neigh D．bang，trumpet [ ]

7．LDCE is distinctive for its____.

A．Clear grammar codes B．usage notes C．language notes D．all of the above [ ]

8．From the historical point of view,English is more closely related to

A．German B．French

C．Scotttish D．Irish [ ]

9．Which of the following is NOT an acronym?

A．TOEFL B．ODYSSEY

C．BASIC D．CCTV [ ]

10. In the course book，the author

lists____types of context clues for inferring word meaning．

A．eight B．six

C．seven D．five [ ] 11．Sources of homonyms include____.

A．changes in sound and spelling B．borrowing

C．shortening D．all of the above [ ]

12．The written form of English is

a(an)________representation of the spoken form．

A．selective B．adequate

C．imperfect D．natural [ ] 13．Structurally a____is the smallest meaningful unit of a language．

A．molpheme B．stem

C．word D．compound [ ] 14．Unlike affixes，____are often free morphemes．

A．sufrixes B．prefixes

C．inflectional morphemes D．roots [ ]

15．The four major foreign contributors to the English vocabulary in earlier times were French.

Latin，____.

A．Scandinavian and Italian B．Greek and Scandinavian

C．Celtic and Greek D．Italian and Spanish [ ]

第二部分非选择题

Ⅱ．Complete the rollowing staternents with proper words or

expressions according to the course book．

16．The name given to the widening of meaning which some words undergo is____.

17．Longman lexicon of Contemporary English is a____dictionary．

18．When a new word appears for the first time，the author usually manages to give hints or

____in the context to help the readers．

19．Radiation and____are the two coinages which the development of word

meaning follows from monosemy to polysemy．

20．Middle English refers to the language spoken from 1150 to____.

Ⅲ．Match the words or explessions in Column A with those in

Column B according to 1)word Origin，2)word formation.

and 3)types of Synonyms or antonyms．

A

B

( )21．skill

A．back—formation

( )22．babysit

B．blendlng

( )23．telequiz

C．French origin

( )24．composition／compounding D．SCandinavianorigin

( )25．government

E．clipping

( )26．same／different F. relative synonyms

( )27．gent G. Germanic

( )28．English

H．absolute synonyms

( )29．change／alter I. contradictory terms

( )30．big／small

J．contrary terms

IV．Smdy the following words or expressions and identify 1)

types of bound morphemes underlined, 2) types of

meanings,3)processes of meaning development，and 4)

forlnation of eompounds．

31．neck→primary meaning：that part of man joining the head tO the body；

a secondary meaning：the narrowest part of anything．( )

32．contradict ( )

33．mother：love，care ( )

34．upcoming ( )

35．window shopping ( )

36．radlos ( )

37．property developer ( )

38．Candidate→earlier meaning：

white-robed；

later meaning：a person proposed for a place，award etc．

( )overcoat

39．handsomo-tyoewhter ( )man

40．northward ( )

V. Define the following terms.

41.encyclopendia

42.borrcwed

43.blending

44.extension

45.phrasal verb

VI. Answer the following questing questions. Your answers should be

Clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.

46.what is the difference prefixation and suffixation? Explain with two examples.

47.what is extra-linguistic context?

48.what is polysemy? Illustrate your points.

VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.

49. Study the following sentence and try to guess the meaning of the word in italics. Then what contextual help you to work out the meaning.

Carnivores are very dangerous. Not long ago, a tiger escaped from the zoo and killed a dog in

The street and ate it.

50.Connotative meaning is not stable. Comment on this statement with one example.

英语词汇学答案(课程代码0832)

I．Each Of the smtements below is followed by four alternative answers．Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket．

1.C

2.C

3.A

4.D

5.C

6.A

7.D

8.A

9.B 10.A

11.D 12.C 13.A 14.D 15.B

II Complete the following statements with proper words Or expressions according to the course book．

16．extension 或generalization 17．specialized

18．clues 19．concatenation 20．1500

III.Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according tO 1)

word origin，2)word formation，and 3)types of synonyms or antonyms．

21．D 22．A

23．B 24．H

25．C 26．I

27．E 28．G

29．F 30．J

IV．Study the following words or expressions and identify 1)types of bound morphemes underlined，2)types of meanings，

3)processes of meaning development，and

4)formation of

compounds．

31．radiation 32．bound root

33．connotative meaning 34．adv+v-ing 35．n+v-ing 36．inflectional affix／inflectional morpheme

37．n+v-er 3.concatenation

39．collocative meaning 40．suffix／derivational affix

V．Definethefollowingterms．

41．An encyclopedia provides encyclopedic information concerning each headword；it is not concerned with the language per se.

42．Borrowed words,also，known，as loan words，are words taken over from foreign languages．

43．It refers to the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word with a part

of another word．

44．Extension is a process by which a word which originally had a specialized meaning has now

become generalized．

45.idiom composed of a verb plus a preposition and／or a particle．

VI.Answer the following questions．Your answers should be clear and short．Write your answers in the space given below．

46．Prefixation does not generally change the word-class of the stem；it only modifies its meaning.

e.g．treat--maltreat

Suffixation，On，the other hand，changes the word-class instead of its

meaning.e.g．employ——

employer

47.(1)Known as non-linguistic context or context of situation．

(2)components

a.participants(addresser and addressee)

writer and reader

speaker and listener／hearer

b.time and place

c.cultural background

48.要点：1)a common feature peculiar to all natural languages．

2)have more than one sense．

3)The problem of polesemy Can be dealt with from two angles：diachronic approach and

synchronic approach．

VII．Analyze and comment on the following．Write your answers in the space given below．

49(1)tiger is a hyponym，of carnivore

(2)carnivore is a superordinate of tiger

(3)tiger feeds on meat as known by all

(4)carnivore may feed on meat

(5)therefore，a carnivore is a meat-eating animal

50.(1)connotative meaning，known as connotation，refers to the overtones or associations

suggested by the conceptual meaning．

(2)connotative meanings are not given in the dictionary．but associated with the word in actual

context to particular readers or speakers．Thus they are unstable.varying considerably

according to culture，historical period and the experience of the individual．

(3)For example，home may remind one child of warmth，safety or love，while to another child

who is

often scolded or beaten at home,it may mean indifference，hatred，or even hell．

全国2006年4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题

I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)

1. Extension can be illustrated by the following example: _________.（）

A. butcher → one who kills goats

B. journal → periodical

C. companion → one who shares bread

D. allergic → too sensitive to medicine

2. The differences between synonyms boil down to three areas, namely, _________.（）

A. extension, increase and expansion

B. denotation, connotation and application

C. comprehension, understanding and knowing

D. polysemy, homograph and homophone

3. Affixes attached to other morphemes to create new words are known as _________.（）

A. inflectional affixes

B. derivational affixes

C. bound roots

D. free morphemes

4. Ambiguity often arises due to polysemy

and _________.（）

A. synonymy

B. antonymy

C. homonymy

D. hyponymy

5. The semantic unity of idioms is reflected in

the _________ relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom as in ―rain cats and dogs‖.（）

A. illogical

B. logical

C. mutual

D. natural

6. Idioms verbal in nature are _________.

（）

A. verb phrases

B. phrasal verbs

C. verb idioms

D. all the above

7. The idiom ―new brooms sweep clean‖ was created probably by _________.（）

A. seamen

B. housewives

C. farmers

D. hunters

8. The following are all denominal suffixes EXCEPT _________.（）

A. –ful

B. –wise

C. –less

D. –ike

9. Both English and _________ belong to the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family.（）

A. Celtic

B. Dansih

C. French

D. Scottish

10. Chiefly found in derived words, bound morphemes include _________.（）

A. bound roots

B. inflectional affixes

C. derivational affixes

D. all the above

11. Motivation accounts for the connection between the word-form and _________.（）A. its referent

B. its referring expressions

C. its meaning

D. its concept

12. Words can be classified according to the following criteria EXCEPT _________.（）

A. notion

B. use frequency

C. foundation

D. origin

13. Which of the following is NOT correct?

_________（）

A. A word is a meaningful group of letters.

B. A word is a unit of meaning.

C. A word is a sound or combination of sounds.

D. A word is a form that cannot function alone in a sentence.

14. If one wants to find out the m inute difference between shades of meaning, the best source

is _________.（）

A. a thesaurus

B. a synonym finder

C. an encyclopedia

D. an encyclopedic dictionary

15. Which of the following can be said about a British Dictionary?（）

A. It is always better than an American dictionary.

B. One can always expect to find American usages in it.

C. One can never expect to find American usages in it.

D. It tends to include more grammatical information.

II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)

16.The Norman Conquest in 1066 started a continual flow of ___________ words into English.

17. The attitudes of classes have made inroads into lexical meaning in the case of elevation or

___________.

18. Context can help eliminate ambiguity, provide clues for inferring word-meaning and give

___________ of referents.

19. Compounds are different from free phrases in ___________ unit.

20. Content words have both meanings, and

___________ meaning in particular.

III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of figures of speech; 2) types of motivation; 3) types of changes in word meaning. (10%)

A B

( )21. senior citizen A. metonymy

( )22. the pot calls the cattle black B. narrowing

( )23. earn one‘s bread C. euphemism

( )24. from cradle to grave D. synecdoche ( )25. sit on the fence E. hiss

( )26. constable (a policeman) F. personification

( )27. criticize(find fault with) G. morphologically motivated

( )28. liquor(alcoholic drink) H. degradation ( )29. snakes I. metaphor

( )30. hopeless J. elevation

IV. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of affixes; 2) types of word formation; 3) types of meaning. (10%)

31. harder ( )

32. Fridge ( )

33. autocide ( )

34. tremble with fear ( )

35. notorious, skinny ( )

36. two-layer ( )

37. UNESCO ( )

38. cloudy ( )

39. subway ( )

40. police,

money ( )

V. Define the following terms.(10%)

41. extra-linguistic context

42. prefixation

43. semantic change

44. conceptual meaning

45. specialization

VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%)

46. What is semantic unity of idioms?

47. What are the three areas to account for the difference between synonyms? Illustrate your points.

48. What are the major differences between basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary?

VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(18%) 49. Analyse the morphological structures of the following words and point out the types of the morphemes.

dishearten, idealistic, unfriendly

50. Collocation can affect the meaning of words. Comment on the statement with your own example.

全国2006年7月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题

全国2007年4月高等教育自学考试

英语词汇学试题

课程代码：00832

I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best comp letes the statement and put the letter in the bracket . (30%)

1．Which of the following is NOT a rhetorical feature of idioms?（）

A．Phonetic manipulation.

B．Lexical manipulation.

C．Figures of speech.

D．Phrasal verbs.

2．The sentence ―I like Mary better than you.‖ is amb iguous due to ______.（）

A．extra-linguistic context

B．lexical context C．grammatical context

D．homonymy

3．Which of the following is NOT one of the obvious characteristics of the basic word stock? （）A．Creativity.

B．Stability.

C．Duality.

D．All national character.

4．Which of the following is NOT considered as an i nflectional affix?（）

A．-es

B．-or

C．-est

D．-er

5．The following are user-friendly features of Longm an Dictionary of Contemporary English, except _____ _. （）

A．extra column

B．clear grammar codes

C．usage notes

D．language notes

6．Which of the following is a case of suffixation? （）

A．Hemisphere.

B．Attempt.

C．NATO.

D．Respondent.

7．Which of the following is NOT one of the main so urces of new words?（）

A．The rapid development of modern science and tec hnology.

B．Geographical and political changes.

C．The influence of other cultures and languages. D．Social and economic changes.

8．Webster’s New World Dictionary is a(n) ______ d ictionary. （）

A．unabridged

B．desk

C．pocket

D．encyclopedic

9．Angel, martyr and paradise have their meanings _ _____ because of the influence of Christianity.

（）

A．elevated

B．degraded

C．narrowed

D．extended

10．As far as denotation is concerned, relative synon yms may differ ______. （）

A．in the diachronic approach

B．in the stylistic and emotive colouring of words C．in usage in simple terms

D．in the range and intensity of meaning

11．Which of the following is NOT true about Old E nglish? （）

A．Uses of Old English borrowed heavily from Latin and other languages.

B．Old English has a vocabulary of about 50,000 to 6 0,000.

C．Old English refers to the English language used fr om 450 to 1150.

D．Old English was a highly inflected language.

12．Neologisms are newly-created words or expressi ons. Which of the following is NOT an example of ne ologisms? （）

A．SARS.

B．Can-opener.

C．Futurology.

D．Freak out.

13．Which of the following words is morphologically motivated? （）

A．Black market.

B．Greenhorn.

C．Hopeless.

D．Neigh.

14．In the sentence ―Italian artists were more active i n the quattrocento than in the sixteenth century which followed.‖ The meaning of quattrocento can be inferre d from the clue of ______. （）A．definition

B．explanation

C．example

D．relevant detail

15．Tooth and nail is an idiom ______ in nature. （）

A．norminal

B．adjectival

C．adverbial

D．verbal

II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)

16．The smallest functioning unit in the composition of words is the ______________.

17．Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, n arrowing, degradation, elevation and _____________

_.

18．In the word ―post-war‖,―post-‖ is a prefix of ___ ___________.

19．Functional words such as preparations, conjuncti ons, though having little lexical meaning, possess stro ng ______________meaning.

20．Relative synonyms also called ______________ are similar or nearly the same in denotation, but embra ce different degrees of a given quality.

III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to

1) meaning of prefixes;

2) type of word formations;

3)types of meaning changes and

4) types of idioms. (10%)

A B

（）21．Ultr- A. backformation

（）22．burgle B. initialism

（）23．pop C. transfer of sensation

（）24．clear-sounding D. before

（）

25．VOA E. brim (water’s edge —the top edge of a c up)

（）26．fore- F. mistress

（）27．degradation G. succeed

（）28．kick the bucket H. clipping

（）29．extension I. die

（）30．make it J. extreme

IV. Study the following words or expressions and i dentify

1) historical stage of English vocabulary;

2) origins of homonyms;

3) types of meanings;

4) sources of synonyms;

5) causes of ambiguity and 6) types of motivations. (10%)

31．ball, ball （

）

32．a hard businessman （

）

33．friend or foe （

）

34．miniskirt （

）

35．an attractive ball （

）

36．lie –distort the fact （

）

37．occupation-walk of life （

）

38．coffee （）39．mother (love, care) （

）

40．enrich （）

V. Define the following terms. (10%)

41．loan words

42．specialized dictionary

43．conversion

44．lexical context

45．amelioration

VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in t he space given below. (12%)

46．What are bound morphemes? Illustrate your poin t.

47．Why is context very important for the understand ing of word-meaning?

48．What is the difference between associative meani ng and conceptual meaning?

VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%) 49．Some people hold that Shakespeare is more diffic ult to read than contemporary writings. Do you agree or disagree to this comment? State your reason(s) with at least three examples. 50．Use examples to illustr ate the similarity and difference between absolute syn onyms and relative synonyms.

全国2007年7月高等教育自学考试

英语词汇学试题

课程代码：00832

Ⅰ. Each of the statements below is followed by fou r alternative answers. Choose the one that would b est complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)

1．The definition of a word comprises the following points except ________.（）

A．a sound unity

B．a minimal unit of meaning

C．a unit of meaning

D．a form that can function alone in a sentence

2．Words may be classified into content words and fu nction words by ________. （）

A．origin

B．notion

C．stability

D．use frequency

3．It’s said that modern English vocabulary develops through three channels. Which of the following is NO T one of them? （）

A．Borrowing.

B．Semantic change.

C．Creation.

D．Blending.

4．What did modern English begin with? （）A．The establishment of printing.

B．The Norman invasion.

C．Britain’s trade relations with the low countries. D．The Second World War.

5．Which of the following is NOT considered to be a stem? （）

A．-tion.

B．Nation.

C．International.

D．National.

6．Which of the following is a case of conversion? （）

A．Encourage.

B．Week.

C．Toothache.

D．Doubt. 7．Which of the following words is semantically moti vated? （）

A．Airmail.

B．Hiss.

C．Mouth in the phrase ―the mouth of a river‖. D．Laconic in the phrase ―a laconic answer‖.

8．One of the interesting features about a language is that there are a great many more ________ than ____ ____ in it. （）

A．hyponyms … homonyms

B．homonyms … hyponyms

C．synonyms … antonyms

D．antonyms … synonyms

9．Which of the following words was used during the American Civil War to refer to those northerners who were secretly aiding the South? （）A．Rattlesnake.

B．Villain.

C．Informer.

D．Copperhead.

10．In a narrow sense, context refers to the words, cla uses, sentences in which a word appears and is known as ________. （）

A．non-linguistic context

B．linguistic context

C．extra-linguistic context

D．type of context

11．Ambiguity in a passage often occurs due to ____ ____ and homonymy in an inadequate context. （）

A．allomorph

B．variation

C．suffixation

D．polysemy

12．Which of the following rhetorical features can be seen in the idiom ―might and main‖?（）A．Rhyme.

B．Alliteration.

C．Juxtaposition.

D．Synecdoche.

13．The idiom ―by twos and threes‖ shows the charac teristics of idioms that ________. （）A．the words that make up the idiom have lost their i ndividual identity in the idiom

B．idioms are semantically inexplicable

C．the word order in an idiom can’t be inverted or ch anged

D．idioms are grammatically unanalysable

14．CCELD is noted for its unique features except __ ______. （）

A．definition

B．extra column

C．usage examples

D．complicated grammar codes

15．Webster’s Third New International Dictionary is the best-known ________. （）

A．desk dictionary

B．pocket dictionary

C．unabridged dictionary

D．encyclopedic dictionary

Ⅱ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)

16. Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and ________.

17. In the word ―pseudo-science‖,―pseudo-‖ is a ____ ____ prefix.

18. Associative meaning is open-ended and indetermi nate, while ________ meaning is constant and relative ly stable.

19. Antonyms are classified on the basis of ________.

20. The opposite of semantic elevation in meaning cha nge is called ________.

Ⅲ. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of me aning changes; 2) features of idiom; 3) meaning of prefixes and 4) word formation. (10%)

A B

（）21. BASIC A prefixation

（）

22. doctor (skilled in any learned profession → B extr a-linguistic factor specialist in medicine)

（）23. fine art C idioms adjectival in nature （）24. up in the air D elevation

（）

25. governor (pilot → head of a state) E compoundin

g

（）26. retro- F deletion

（）

27. a chocolate frog (an informer) G acronym

（）28. inter- H back

（）29. hyperactive I between

（）30. for good and all = for good J narrowing

Ⅳ. Study the following words or expressions and i dentify

1) types of sense relations;

2) features of idioms;

3) types of meanings and

4) historical stages of English. (10%)

31. external （）

32. home (East or west, home is best. ) （

）

33. by-gone （）

34. hesitate → be in two minds （）

35. candidate → a person seeking an office （

）

36. notorious （）

37. ―A friend in need is a friend in deed. ‖（

）

38.win → gain the upper hand （）

39. might and main （）

40. ―Two heads are better than one. ‖（）

Ⅴ. Define the following terms. (10%)

41. neologisms

42. back-formation

43. associated transfer

44. lexical context

45. usage notes

Ⅵ. Answer the following questions. Your answers s hould be clear and short. Write your answers in th

e space given below. (12%)

46. What are affixes?

47. What is collocative meaning? Please illustrate you

r point with an example.

48. Guess the meaning of the word underlined in the f ollowing sentence and tell what contextual clues have helped you in arriving at the meaning.

Italian artists were more active in the quattrocento th an in the sixteenth century which followed.

Ⅶ. Analyze and comment on the following. Write y our answers in the space given below. (18%)

49. Analyze and comment on the differences of synon yms in three ways.

50. Point out the compounds in the following sentence and explain how they are combined.

The out-going president talked to the stockholders wh o had staged a sit-in in forty-storey building.

全国2008年7月高等教育自学考试

英语词汇学试题

课程代码：00832

. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)

1. Which of the following words does NOT belong

to terminology? ( )

A. Penicillin.

B. Algebra.

C. Symphony.

D. Knife.

2. In the sentence “I like to see a movie.”, there are ________ functional words. ( )

A.2

B.3

C.4

D.5

3. Of the characteristics listed for the basic word stock, the most important is ________. ( )

A. all national character

B. productivity

C. polysemy

D. collocability

4. Social, economic and political changes bring about such new words as the following EXCEPT ________. ( )

A. fast food

B. TV dinner

C. tahini

D. Watergate

5. The prehistoric ________ parent language is thought to be a highly inflected language, which English originated from. ( )

A. Prussian

B. Indo-European

C. Czech

D. Russian

6. The surviving languages accordingly fall into eight principal groups, which can be grouped into the

________ set and the Western set. ( )

A. Eastern

B. African

C. American

D. Northern

7. The plural morpheme ―-s‖ is realized by /z/ after the following sounds EXCEPT ________. ( ) A./z/ B./g/

C./d/

D./b/

8. The word ―recollection‖ comprises ________ morphemes. ( )

A.1

B.2

C.3

D.4

9. The following words have inflectional affixes EXCEPT ________. ( )

A. works

B. worker

C. working

D. worked

10. ―Dis-‖ in the word ―disloyal‖ is a ________ prefix. ( )

A. negative

B. reversative

C. pejorative

D. locative

11. The word ―AIDS‖ is a(n) ________. ( )

A. initialism

B. acronym

C. derivative

D. compound

12. The word ―smog‖ is created by blending, with the structure of ________. ( )

A. head + tail

B. head + head

C. head + word

D. word + tail

自考英语词汇学翻译精华整理

学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考 English Lexicology(英语词汇学) 1.English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the morphological structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantic structures, relations, historical development, formation and usages.英语词汇学旨在调查和研究英语单词和单词的等价物的形态结构,其语义结构、关系、历史发展、形成和用法。 2.English Lexicology is correlated with such linguistic disciplines as morphology(形态学), semantics(语义学), etymology(词源学),stylistics（文体论）and lexicography(词典学) Chapter 1--Basic concepts of words and vocabulary 1.Word（词的定义）: A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. (1)a minimal free form of a language (2)a sound unity (3)a unit of meaning (4)a form that can function alone in a sentence 词语是语言最小的自由形式，拥有固定的声音和意义以及句法作用。 2.Sound and meaning（声音与意义）: almost arbitrary, “no logical relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself”词语是一个符号，代表着世界上其他的事物。每种世界文化已经赞成一定的读音将代表一定的人，事，地方，特性，过程，行动，当然是在语言系统之外。这种象征性的联系几乎总是主观的，并且“在代表事物和思想的声音和实际的事物和思想之间没有法定关系” 3.Sound and form（读音和形式）:不统一的四个原因（1）the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans,which does not have a separate letter to represent each other内因是因为英语字母表采用罗马字母，罗马字母没有独立的字母代表每个读音，因此一些字母代表两个读音或者组合在一起发音。 （2）the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years另一个原因是发音比拼写的变化快，在一些时候还拉开了距离。在最近五百年里，尽管口语发音已经出现了显著的变化，却没有相应的拼写变化。 （3）some of the difference were created by the early scribes第三个原因是一些早期的书写员发明了一些不同。（4）the borrowings is an important channel of enriching the English vocabulary最后借词来了，这是丰富英语词汇的重要途径。 （5）printing印刷已经变得非常普及。它有助于固定单词的拼写、standardization标准化使得拼写不容改变。、dictionary字典在拼写终结中得到好处。 —Old English,The speech of the time was represented very much more faithfully in writing than it is today. 古代英语中的口语比今天更忠实的代表书面语 —The written form of English is an imperfect representation of the spoken form。英语的书写是发音形式不完善的代表 4.What is vocabulary？ （1）Total number of the words in a language一个语言的单词综合 （2）Words used in a particular historical period 特殊历史时期使用的单词 （3）All the words of a dialect，a book ，a discipline...某个方言，书籍，学科中的所有单词 5.Classification of English Words：英语词汇由所有种类的词汇组成。它们可以根据不同的标 准或者不同的目的进行分类。 By use frequency:basic word stock&nonbasic vocabulary根据使用频率，单词可以分为基础词和非基础词。 By notion:content words&functional words可以根据概念分成实词和虚词

自考英语翻译历年真题第二大题汇总及答案

2011 7月 II.Words and phrases translation（20 points，1 point for each） A.Directions: Put the following words and phrases into Chinese. 16.a slender man一个身材瘦长的人17.country-wide trade全国贸易18.the Ethiopian highlands埃塞俄比亚高原19.economic policy经济政策20.great-grandmother(外)曾祖母21.open sea公海 22.part-time river季节性河流23.mineral oil矿物油 24.environmental law环境法25.welcoming banquet欢迎宴会 B.Directions: Put the following words and phrases into English. 26.逃学Play truant 27.军阀政府The warlord government 28.九龙壁The nine dragon wall 29.基本方针Basic principle 30.游记Travel notes 31.祥林嫂Xiang Lin's wife 32.排队to stand in a queue to line up 33.大陆架Continental shelf 34.董事会Board of directors 35.深刻影响 Profound impact 2011 4月 II. Word and Phrase Translation (20 points, 1 point each) 16. appreciation dinner 答谢宴会17. birth defect先天性生理缺陷 18. applied entomology应用昆虫学 19. member state会员国、成员国 20. maternity hospital 妇产医院21. over-the-counter medicine非处方药 22. green belt 防护林、绿化带23. inland waters内陆水域 24. room temperature 室温、常温25. debt chain三角债、债务链 B. Directions: Translate the following words and phrases into English. (Please write the answer on your Answer Sheet.)

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2019年10月自考《00087英语翻译》复习资料 Unit 1 stories 1. He was thirty-six, his youth had passed like a screaming eagle, leaving him old and disillusioned. 他已三十六岁,青春像一路鸣叫的鹰,早已一闪而逝, 留给他的是衰老和幻灭. 2. average height 普通高度 3. gleaming eyes 两眼闪着光辉 4. in his middle twenties 大概是二十五六岁的年龄 5. ignoring the chair offered him, Chu The stood squarely before this youth more than ten years his junior and in a level voice told him who he was, what he had done in the past, how he had fled from Yunnan, talked with Sun Yat-sen, been repulsed by Chen Tu-hsiu in Shanghai, and had come to Europe to find a new way of life for himself and a new revolutionary road for China. 朱德顾不得拉过来的椅子,端端正正地站在这个比他年轻十岁的青年面前,用平稳的语调, 说明自己的身份和经历: 他怎样逃出云南, 怎样会见孙中山, 怎样在上海被陈独秀拒绝, 怎样为了寻求自己的新的生活方式和中国的新的革命道路而来到欧洲. 6. When both visitors had told their stories, Chou smiled a little, said he would help them find rooms, and arrange for them to join the Berlin Communist group as candidates until their application had been sent to China and an answer received. 两位来客把经历说完后,周恩来微笑着说,他可以帮他们找到住的地方,替他们办理加入党在柏林的支部的手续, 在入党申请书寄往中国而尚未批准之前,暂时作候补党员. 7. Chinese Communist Party 中国共产党 8. 两条要求, 忠实------内容, 通顺-------语言 9. Several times on his trips to China, which he made as a guest of the Chinese Government, Bill’s birthday occurred while he was in Beijing. 以中国官方客人的身份, 比尔来访中国已多次了, 而且在北京停留期间恰适他生日也有好几次了. 10. ‘This is for you,’Bill Morrow heard on many occasions he would never forget----such as when he was taken a boat down the Grand Canal and every boat that passed sounded its siren in salutation. Or when he shown over the great Nanjing bridge, built where the ferries used to carry trains across the Changjiang River. He was given a chair and asked to wait a little as darkness came on, then suddenly the whole bridge was outlined in lights. “这是为你安排的.”这句话比尔.莫诺听到过好几次, 每一次都令他难以忘怀. 有一次, 他沿大运河乘船顺水而下,途经的每艘船都鸣笛致敬. 还有一次, 他参观雄伟的南京长江大桥------以前没桥

自考英汉翻译教程词汇整理

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Unit 1 lesson 1 1. fellow countrymen 同胞 2. average height 中等身材 3. gleaming eyes 闪光的眼睛 4. in his middle twenties 二十多岁 5. to be seated 招呼坐下 6. stand squarely 端正正地站着 7. more than ten years his junior 比她年轻十几岁 8. revolutionary road 革命道路 9. Chinese communist Party中共 10. full member 正式成员 11. membership 党籍 12. keep a secret 保密 Lesson 2 1. immeasurable contrast 迥然不同 2. to and fro 走来走去 3. upturn face 仰着脸 4. sweet spring 芬芳的春天 5. anger and bitterness 又气愤又苦恼 6. dense fog 大雾 7. tense and anxious 紧张而焦急

8. 五一的下午on the afternoon of May 1st 9. 无言的呼唤wordless cry 10. 探测绳sounding-line Lesson 3 1. 各种流派的different schools 2. 前两天a few days ago 3. 受限制be restricted/be subjected to 4. 传统观念traditional thinking 5. 不合理的制度irrational system 6. 最高境界the highest state 7. 浓妆艳抹heavy make up 8主人公chief character/principal character 9. 花言巧语flowery language 10.社会进步人性发展social progress and human development Unit 2 Lesson 4 1. 工业革命Industrial Revolution 2. 多功能的机器multi-purpose machine 3. 出于自愿和兴趣on one’s own account, out of interest 4. 新兴城市the rising town

2011自考英语翻译试题

2011年4月全国高等教育自学考试英语翻译试题 I. Multiple Choice (30 points, 2 points each) A. Directions: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best translation of the original statement in terms of meaning and expressiveness. (Please write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.) 1. A nations greatest wealth is the industry of its people. A.一个国家最大的财富就是民族工业。 B.一个国家最大的财富就是人民的勤劳。 C.一个民族最大的财富就是人民的工业。 D.一个民族最大的财富就是民众的兴旺。 2. Scientists are confident about the formation of coal, but they do not seem so sure when asked about oil. A.科学家们确实知道煤是怎样形成的，但要是问他们石油是怎样形成的，他们似乎就不那么有把握了。 B.科学家们对煤的形成非常有信心，但是当被问到石油的形成时，他们好像没有那么确信。 C.科学家们对煤的形成非常有信心，但是当被问到石油是怎样形成的，似乎就不那么确信了。 D.科学家们确实知道煤的形成，但要是问他们石油的形成时，似乎就不那么有把握了。 3. I wasnt their enemy, in fact or in feeling. I was their ally. A.在事实上或感情上，我不是他们的敌人。我是他们的盟友。 B.我不是他们的敌人，在事实上或感情上。我是他们的盟友。 C.我不是他们的敌人，在事实上或者在感情上，而是他们的盟友。

全国自考00087英语翻译2018年4月考试试卷真题加答案自学考试

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