倒装句学案：

倒装句学案：

1．句子的语序：

主语放在谓语的前面，叫做自然语序。

谓语放在主语的前面，叫做倒装语序。

2．倒装的种类：

1）将谓语全部放在主语前面的叫全部倒装。

2）将谓语一部分（助动词/情态动词）放在主语前面的叫部分倒装。

Eg In came the headmaster.

Did Einstein care for money?

3. 倒装用法巧记忆：（五全八部话倒装）

五全：有/时/表/地方八部：不/只/让步/也/需/常/如此/祝福

1）五全：有/时/表/地方

a.“有”指there be 句型eg. There are many lovely students in the room.

b.“时”指时间副词或短语（now, then）位于句首的倒装情况。

Eg Your turn comes now. Now comes your turn.

c.“表”指表语提前，为了平衡句子或是为了强调而进行的倒装。

Eg. Some famous teachers are present at our class today.

Present at our class today are Some famous teachers.

d.“地”指地点副词或短语（here, there, in the front of）位于句首的倒装。Eg . 1.A bus comes her

e. Here comes a bus.

2. A boy stood in front of the house. In front of the house stood a boy.

e.“方”指方位副词（in, out, up, down, away）位于句首的倒装。

Eg. 1.The dust flew up. Up flew the dust.

2.The teacher came in. In came the teacher

注意：当主语是人称代词时，主谓语序不倒装

Eg. There he comes. Here we are. Up they flew.

Exercise:

1．Under the tree ______two boys last night.

A. standing

B. stood

C. stands

D. stand

2. ______and caught the mouse.

A. Up jumped the cat

B. The cat up jumped

C. Jumped up the cat

D. Up the cat jumped 3.Out _____,with a stick in his hand.

A. did he rush

B. rushed he

C. he rushed

D. he did rush

4. _____the days when we lived a hard life.

A. Away

B. Going are

C. Gone are

D. There

2）八部：不/只/让步/也/需/常/如此/祝福

a.“不”指否定词，否定短语或否定结构位于句首的倒装。

not, no, never，hardly, barely, little, seldom

at no time, by no means, in no way

not until

not only… but also

hardly…when, no sooner… than，Scarcely…when

Eg . ?Never have I seen him before.

Little does he know what trouble he is in.

At no time will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.

Not only was there no water, but also there was no food.

注意：not only…but also 连接并列主语时不倒装。

Eg. Not only he but also his brother went to school

?Hardly ＋部分倒装…. When….

Scarcely +部分倒装….when ….

No sooner +部分倒装….than….

E g.H a r d l y h a d t h e p l a n e l a n d e d w h e n t h e p e o p l e r a n t o w a r d s i t.

?Not until+状语＋部分倒装:

Eg. We did not know much about global warming until we watched the Earth Day programs on TV.

可变成→Not until we watched the Earth Day programs on TV d i d w e k n o w much about global warming .

Exercise:

1. __________ do we go for picnics.

A) Certainly B) Seldom C) Sometimes D) Once

2.Scarcely ____ the helicopter ____when the waiting crowd ran toward it.

A) had … landed B) has… landed C) did… land D) was… landing

3. At no time __________ cheat in exams.

A) should a student B) a student should

C) a student ought to D) a student should n’t

5.Not only______ polluted but ____crowded.

A) was the city, were the streets

B) the city was, were the streets

C) was the city, the streets were

D) the city was, the streets were

6. Not until all the fish died in the river _____how serious the pollution was.

A) did the villagers realize B) the villagers realize

C) the villagers did realize D) didn’t the villagers realize

b.“只”指Only位于句首修饰状语的倒装。

1. ___________ succeed in doing anything.

A．Only by working hard we can

B．By only working hard we can

C．Only by working hard can we

D．Only we can by working hard

2.Only Mr. Wang knows this.(修饰主语不倒装)

c. “让步”指as/though引导让步状语从句表示“尽管”，“虽然”，需用倒装。

1.As you are young, you know a lot.

→Young as you are you know a lot.

2.As you are a child, you know a lot.

→Child as you are, you know a lot.

注意：单数可数名词前，a, an 省略

d.“也”指：

So +be/助动词/情态动词+主语…也和某人/某物一样

Neither/nor +be/助动词/情态动词+主语…也和某人/某物不一样

So+主语+谓语某人/某物的确是…

E g.I w e n t t o Q i x i a M o u n t a i n l a s t m o n t h

--S o d i d w e.

S o c i e t y h a s n o t c h a n g e d a l o t,

--N e i t h e r h a v e t h e p e o p l e i n i t

M y f a t h e r i s a b r a v e m a n.

--S o h e i s.

*当前面的句子中主语、谓语或肯否定形式不同时，则用so it is with….句型来表示。Eg. 1.Tom likes singing, but he doesn’t like dancing.

--So it is with Mary./It is the same with Mary.

2.Tom is in Class Two, and his classroom is over there.

--So it is with Mary.

e.“需”指虚拟语气的倒装情况.

If 引导的条件虚拟从句中，省If 后将were, had, should提前部分倒装.

Exercise: Rewrite the sentences, using partial inversion

1.If you were a fish, the cat would eat you.

2.If I had been free, I would have helped you.

3. If it should rain tomorrow, we could not go climbing.

4. If it had not been for the rain, we could have gone climbing.

f.“常”指表频率的时间副词或短语（often, always, many a time）位于句首的倒装。E

g. He has been to Tieling many a time.

→Many a time has he been to Tieling.

g.“如此”指so…that和such…that 句式中so/such位于句首的倒装

So beautiful does the girl look that it is difficult for us to forget her

Such a beautiful girl is she that it is difficult for us to forget her.

Exercise:

1.In Such a hurry ___to the schoolyard that he was out of breath.

A) ran he B) he ran C) did he run D) he was running

2. So badly __________ that he had to go to the hospital.

A) he injured B) was he injured

C) he was injured D) did he injure

3. So fast __________ that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.

A) light travels B) light traveled

C) does light travel D) did light travel

4. So little __________ about mathematics that the lecture was completely beyond me.

A) I know B) I knew C) do I know D) did I know

h.祝福指表祝福的句子的倒装情况。

Eg. May you succeed! Long live the youth! May God bless you! May you be happy!

高考直击：

1.Only then ___how much damage had been caused.(06年全国卷2)

A.she realized

B. she had realized

C. had she realized

D. did she realized

2. In the dark forests ________, some large enough to hold several English towns. （05辽宁卷）

A. stand many lakes

B. lie many lakes

C．many lakes lie D. many lakes stand

3. Maybe you have been to many countries , but nowhere else ________such a beautiful place . （04辽宁卷）

A．can you find B．you could find

C．you can find D．could you find

4. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once ______ with each other. （03全国卷）

A．they had quarreled B．they have quarreled

C．have they quarreled D．had they quarreled

倒装句综合练习：

Ⅰ．Correct the mistakes

1.Up did the arrow go into the sky.

2.Until she got home she didn’t realize she had lost her keys .

3.No sooner has Tom seen me than he ran away.

4.Only when did I work as an interpreter I realize how important to grasp English.

5.So he was frightened that he didn’t dare to move an inch.

6.She never laughed, nor she lost her temper.

7.A powerful king though he is, he is never happy.

8.Not only help will be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.

Ⅱ．C h o o s e t h e c o r r e c t a n s w e r s

1.A n n d i d n’t l i k e o u r n e w c l a s s m a t e,a n d_____.

A.I d o n’t t o o

B.n e i t h e r d i d I

C.n e i t h e r I d i d

D.I d i d n’t a l s o

2.O n l y i f h e h e l p s u s_______.

A.W e m a y s u c c e e d

B.w e s u c c e e d e d

C.C a n w e s u c c e e d

D.w e c a n s u c c e e d

3.____s o m a n y w o m e n___t a k e n p a r t i n s p o r t s t o d a y.

A.N e v e r;h a v e

B.N e v e r h a v e;/

C.N e v e r h a d;/

D.N e v e r d i d;/

4.L i t t l e____a b o u t h i s o w n s a f e t y,t h o u g h h e w a s i n g r e a t d a n g e r.

A.d o e s h e c a r e

B.d i d h e c a r e

C.h e c a r e s

D.h e c a r e d

5.W h a t a n a u g h t y b o y h e w a s!_________.

A.D o w n j u m p e d h e f r o m t h e d e s k

B.F r o m t h e d e s k j u m p e d h e d o w n

C.H e d o w n j u m p e d f r o m t h e d e s k

D.D o w n h e j u m p e d f r o m t h e d e s k

6.N o t u n t i l I b e g a n t o w o r k____h o w m u c h t i m e I h a d w a s t e d.

A.d i d n’t I r e a l i z e

B.d i d I r e a l i z e

C.I d i d n’t r e a l i z e

D.I r e a l i z e d

7.________,I w o u l d g i v e i t u p e a r l y.

A.W a s I i n y o u r p l a c e

B.I w a s i n y o u r p l a c e

C.W e r e I i n y o u r p l a c e

D.I w e r e i n y o u r p l a c e

8.______when the Chinese people had to use foreign oil.

A. Forever gone are the days

B. Gone forever are the days

C. Are the days gone forever

D. The days gone are forever

倒装句要点小结:

1. “五全八部”要记牢。

2 重点掌握以下几种情况的倒装：

1）only 位于句首的倒装。

2）not until 位于句首的倒装。

3）否定词或短语位于句首的倒装。

4）so/neither/nor +be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语。

超级无敌倒装句讲义学生学案陶涛

倒装句Inversion 主语放在谓语的前面，叫做自然语序。 谓语放在主语的前面，叫做倒装语序。 1．倒装的种类： 1）将谓语全部放在主语前面的叫全部倒装。 2）将谓语一部分（助动词/情态动词）放在主语前面的叫部分倒装。 3) 倒装用法巧记忆：（五全八部话倒装） 五全：有/时/表/地方 八部：不/只/让步/也/需/常/如此/祝福 谓语动词放在主语之前的这种语法现象称为倒装。从倒装的形式来看，可分为全部倒装(full inversion)和部分倒装(partial inversion)两种。前者是指整个谓语置于主语之前，而后者仅是指助动词、情态动词或be 动词等功能置于主语这前。 结构： 全部倒装： ①引起全部倒装的成分(放句首) + V + 主语 ②表语+ 系动词+ 主语 部分倒装： ①引起部分倒装的成分(放句首) + do/did/does + 主语+ V原形 ②引起部分倒装的成分(放句首) + can/could/might等情态动词+ 主语+ V原形 ③引起部分倒装的成分(放句首) + be动词(am, is, are, was, were ) + 主语+ 表语 （一）全部倒装 基本结构为“引起倒装的词或词组+ 谓语+ 主语” 1“There + be” 句型。 ¤表示存在概念的状态动词，如：be ( 有各种时态变化)，exist，remain，live，lie，stand等； ¤表示某事发生或某人到达等概念的不及物动词，如：come，enter，arise，occur，follow，等 There happen +主语（碰巧）；There appear +主语 There seem +to be主语（似乎） There be going to be+主语（将会）There used +to be主语（曾经）There be likely to be+主语（很可能）

文言文特殊句式导学案

《文言文特殊句式》导学案 一、【学习目标】 1.了解高考中常考的文言文特殊句式。 2.掌握文言文特殊句式的几种类型的标志及翻译方法。 二、【学习重、难点】 学习重点：文言文特殊句式的几种类型的标志。 学习难点：倒装句式的辨识和翻译。 三、【学习方法】自学、归纳总结 【考纲解读】 高考文言文考查能力要求明确指出：“理解与现代汉语不同的句式和用法。”考查形式主要有显性和隐性两种。显性就是以选择题形式判断句式的不同，隐性是将文言文特殊句式放在翻译中综合考查。 主要的特殊句式：判断句、被动句、倒装句（变式句）、省略句。 ㈠判断句 1、用“者”或“也”表示判断，这是典型的文言判断形式。 （1）主语后用“者”，谓语后用“也”表示判断。 如：夺项王天下者，必沛公也。 （2）主语后单用“者”，或谓语后单用“也”表示判断。 如：四人者：庐陵萧君圭君玉，长乐王回深父…… （3）“者也”在句尾连用表示判断。 如：①城北徐公，齐国之美丽者也。②沛公之参乘樊哙者也。 （4）“者”、“也”全不用。 如：①刘备，天下枭雄。②秦，虎狼之国。 2.用副词“乃”“则”“即”“皆”“素”“耳”等表示判断。这些形式也比较多见。 如：①臣乃市井鼓刀屠者。②此则岳阳楼之大观也。③即今之傫然在墓者也 ．．。④夫六国与秦皆诸侯。⑤且相如素贱人。⑥此亡秦之续耳。 3.用动词“为”、“是”表示判断。（文言文中用“是”作判断动词的较为少见） 如：①故今之墓中全乎为五人也。 ②问今是何世，乃不知有汉，无论魏晋。 ③巨是凡人，偏在远郡……

4.用“非”、“未”、“弗”等表示或辅助表示否定的判断。 如：①吾本非文人画士…… ②六国破灭，非兵不利，战不善，弊在赂秦。 ③人固未易知，知人亦未易也。 ④呼尔而与之，行道之人弗受。 （注意：以上各种类型判断句，译成现代汉语时，如是肯定判断句，要用“是”；如是否定判断句，要用“不是”。） ㈡被动句 1.用介词“于”、“受”、“受……于……”表被动(“于”引进动作行为的主动者)。 如：①六艺经传皆通习之，不拘于时，学于余。②吾不能举全吴之地，十万之众，受制于人。 2.用“见”、“见…于……”表示被动（“于”引出动作的主动者）。 如：①信而见疑，忠而被谤。②秦城恐不可得，徒见欺。③吾常见笑于大方之家。 3.用“为”、“为……所……”（“为”引出动作的主动者）或“……为所……”表示被动。 如：①而身死国灭，为天下笑。②为．（wéi，动词，治理的意思）国者无使为积威之所劫哉。 ③不者，若属皆且为所虏。 4.用介词“被”表示被动 如：①舞榭歌台，风流总被雨打风吹去。②予犹记周公之被逮，在丁卯三月之望。 5.动词本身表示被动（这是意念上的被动句，没有任何标志，要根据上下文来判别补出）。 如：①傅说举于版筑之间，胶鬲举于鱼盐之中。（傅说从筑墙的工作中被选拔，胶鬲从贩卖鱼盐的人中被举拔。）②帝感其诚。（天帝被愚公的诚心感动。） ㈢省略句 1.省主语。 ①廉颇为赵将，（）伐齐，（）大破之。承前省 ②沛公谓张良曰：“……（）度我至军中，公乃入。”蒙后省 ③每假借于藏书之家，（）手自笔录，（）计日以还……（）录毕，（）走送之。自述省 ④“独乐乐，与人乐乐，孰乐？”（）曰：“不若与人。”对话省 2.省谓语（无论是古代还是现代，省略谓语的现象还是比较少的）。 ①军中无以为乐，请以剑舞（为乐）。 ②一鼓作气，再（鼓）而衰，三（鼓）而竭。 3.省略动词或介词的宾语。（宾语常见的是代词“之”） （1）省略动词后的宾语 ①项王曰：“壮士！之卮酒赐。”则与（之）斗卮酒。

倒装句教学设计

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