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英语双学位

Week 3

Passage A: Enjoy Your Food

Passage B: Eating with Seasons

Passage C: Delicious Phrases

Passage D: Dealing with Adversity

Week 4

Passage A: Back Seat Learners

Passage B: The Best Time of My Life

Passage C: Vote for Our Hero of the Year

Passage D: The Princess and the Nun

Week 6

Passage A: Privacy，Neither Absolute Nor Highly Valued Passage B: A Thing Called Radar Wine

Passage C: Police Handling of Gangs

Passage D: Why Men and Women Can?t Communicate

Week 7

Passage A: English Food

Passage B: Another Reason to Lose Weight

Passage C: Walking

Passage D: The Melting Pot and the Salad Bowl

Week 8

Passage A: Baby Talk

Passage B: The Advantages of Stupidity

Passage C: 50 Habits of “Naturally Thin” People

Week 9

Passage A: Dance with Me

Passage B: To Make a Beautiful Dumb Girl Smart (Part I) Passage C: To Make a Beautiful Dumb Girl Smart (Part II)

Enjoy Your Food

The French have a saying: Regret nothing in matters of love and food. Puzzled scientists who have been trying to figure out why the French have such low rates of heart disease in spite of their rich diets (known as the French Paradox) have found that the answer is passion. The French are passionate about their food and really enjoy it. They never think of food as sinful; instead, they simply think of it as delicious. To the French, food is a work of art, meant to be enjoyed. To Americans, food is calorie-laden, fattening, and forbidden. They tend to think about food as either fuel or poison; they fear the effect it will have on their bodies. In France, good food feeds the soul, not the body; the French mock the idea of “food police” watching every gram of fat.

They also mock the way Americans eat: Everywhere and anywhere is a dining room. Americans eat in cars, walking on the street, and at desks while they work. In France, eating takes place only in restaurants or at dinner tables at home. The typical American pattern of eating is considered nomadic eating or vagabond feeding and grazing.

There is a huge distinction between the two countries in quantity and quality of food. In the United States, they are taught that large portions are good—even if the food is mediocre or of poor quality. In France, the taste and quality of the food is the most important factor; when the taste is good and the quality of the food is high, the appetite is satiated, making the quantity or portion size unimportant.

When food is enjoyed, endorphins(内啡肽) are considered that help us feel better and relieve stress. One of the most well-known comfort foods, chocolate, has been found to have this effect. And by the way, when you sit down to eat, please use the good dishes! What are you saving them for? (324 words)

Eating with Seasons

Fresh spring lettuce, succulent fruits in summer, autumn?s squash and wild rice, root vegetables in winter. Eating fresh seasonal produce not only is delicious, it is a good way to connect with the rhythms of the natural world. And that, according to Dr. Elson Haas, founder and director of the Preventive Medical Center in San Rafael, California, is essential to good health.

“Your well-being depends upon understanding and integrating you own cycles with the nature,” Haas writes in his newly reissued book Staying Healthy with the Seasons. Originally published in 1981, this classic was one of the first books to integrate Eastern healing traditions with modern Western medicine and helped shape today?s burgeoning field of integrative medicine. Haas considers health through the lens of the five seasons (including late summer) and the Chinese Five Element theory, which holds that all energy and substance relate to fire, earth, metal (or air), water, or wood. In the human body, he explains, each element is important for specific body organs, “which in turn become especially vulnerable with each new season.”

Autumn, the season of the large intestine and lungs, is the time for concentrating on elimination and cold prevention, as well as building up for winter with proteins,

grains, vegetables, nuts and seeds. Winter?s emphasis on the kidney and bladder requires attention to reproductive processes and the warming nutrition of fish, cooked foods, and began. Spring?s dietary emphasis is on citrus, greens, and herb teas because this is the season of the liver and it is all about cleansing. In summer, the season of the heart, it?s time to focus on exercise and eating cooling foods like salads, fruits, and liquids. Detoxifying is the core of Haas? approach. “Most illnesses are a result of excess toxins in the body,” he writes. “Healing is the elimination or cleansing of these toxins, and then achieving a balance of intake and output.” Unlike fasting, w hich is defined as water intake, only, cleansing is done by drinking only fruit and vegetable juices—eating no solid foods—for five to ten days or longer.

Perfect in spring and great in early autumn—but good for you any time, says Haas—is Stanley Burrou ghs? Master Cleanser recipe. With lemon juice, maple syrup, and the cayenne pepper, it offers a good balance of sweet, sour, and spicy flavors. While your body is gently cleansed, the maple syrup provides energy. The pepper keeps the body warm and eliminates toxins and mucus. And lemon clears toxins from deep tissues and organs.

Just as the earth cleanses and rebuilds itself throughout the year, detoxifying the body is a great way to get started on a more natural cycle of healthy eating. (482 words)

Delicious Phrases

Curious origins of our tasty language.

The Cold Shoulder

Believe it or not, there was a time when giving someone the cold shoulder didn?t just mean publicly snubbing them; it actually meant handing them a cold shoulder, as in a cold shoulder of beef. During the Middle Ages, the easiest way to hint to guests that they?d overstayed their welcome was to serve them a heaping mound of cold cow parts.

Humble Pie

In the 13th century, British families tended to divide up food after a hunt by giving the best portions of meat to the man who shot the stag, his eldest son, and his closest male friends. Those of lesser importance (the man?s wife and his remaining children, for example) were graciously offered the umbles—organs like the heart, the brain, the kidneys and the entrails. Years later, some punster added a “h” the phrase, and “to eat humble pie” because synonymous with any sort of humiliation.

Bring Home the Bacon

What today means coming home with a paycheck used to be a bit more literal. In the 12th century, the Dunmow Church in Essex County, Britain, began awarding cured bacon strips to newly married couples if they could swear after one year of marriage they had never once regretted the decision. Standards got a little stiffer in the 16th century when the church turned the event into a competition: Couples had to appear

before a jury of six bachelors and bachelorettes and plead the magnitude of their happiness in order to “bring home the bacon.”

Ham

The common term for someone guilty of overacting is abbreviated from the slightly longer, slightly more offensive “hamfatter.” Low-grade minstrel actors often didn?t have the cash to spring for cold cream, so they resorted to applying ham fat to their faces to help remove their stage makeup. The facial application soon became permanently connected to the actors who wore it.

To Stew in One’s Own Juices

Meaning to suffer the consequences of your own actions, the phrase goes back to the 13th century when “stewing in your juices” was a euphemism for being burned at the stake.

Pleased at Punch

Believe it or not, the punch in the phrase doesn?t refer to a tasty beverage, but instead to the main character in the old-time punch and Judy puppet shows. A staple at Eur opean carnivals, the “Punch and Judy” show was madly popular in the days before TV. The humorous puppet act always ended in a pleased Punch outwitting his shrewish wife, hence the phrase.

Baker’s Dozen

Bakers of old weren?t exactly the most ethical people. In fact, it was pretty well known that bakers cheated customers regularly by making loaves of bread that contained more air pockets than solid material. By 1266 the British Parliament was fed up (or not fed up, as it were) with the airy substitutes, so they mandated a law that bread had to be sold by weight. The penalties were pretty extreme. (A Turkish version of the law stated that bakers were to be nailed to their shop doors by the ears if they shortchanged a customer.) Most bakers, however, didn?t have the power weighing equipment. Bakers quickly decided that forking over an extra loaf for every dozen was an easy way to avoid sentence. (558 words)

Dealing with Adversity

A daughter complained to her father about her life and how things were so hard for her. She did not know how she was going to make it and wanted to give up. She was tired of fighting and struggling. It seemed as one problem was solved a new one arose. Her father, a chef ,took her to the kitchen. He filled three pots with water and placed each on a high fire. Soon the pots came to a boil. In one he placed carrots, in the second he placed eggs, and in the last he placed ground coffee beans. He let them sit and boil, without saying a word.

The daughter sucked her teeth and impatiently waited, wondering what he was doing. In about twenty minutes he turned off the burners. He fished the carrots out and placed them in a bowl. He pulled the eggs out and placed them a bowl. Then he ladled the coffee out and placed it in a mug. Turning to her he asked, “Darling, what do you see?” “Carrots, eggs, and coffee,” she replied.

He brought her closer and asked her to feel the carrots. She did and noted that they were soft. He then asked her to take an egg and break it. After pulling off the shell, she observed the hard-boiled egg. Finally, he asked her to sip the coffee. She smiled as she tasted its rich aroma. She humbly asked. “What does it mean, Father?” He explained that each of them had faced the same adversity, boiling water, but each reacted differently. The carrot went in strong, hard, and unrelenting. But after being subjected to the boiling water, it softened and became weak. The egg had been fragile. Its thin outer shell had protected its liquid interior. But after sitting through the boiling water, its inside became hardened. The ground coffee beans were unique, however. After they were in the boiling water, they had changed the water. “Which are you?” he asked his daughter. “When adversity knocks on your door, how do you respond? Are you a carrot, an egg, or a coffee bean?”

How about you, my friend? Are you the carrot that seems hard, but with pain and adversity you wilt and become soft and lose your strength? Are you the egg, which starts off with a malleable heart? Were you a fluid spirit, but after a death, a breakup, a divorce, or a layoff have you become hardened and stiff? Your shell looks the same, but are you bitter and tough with a stiff spirit and heart? Or are you like the coffee bean? The bean changes the hot water, the thing that is bringing the pain, to its peak flavor when it reaches 212 degrees Fahrenheit. When the water gets the hottest, it just tastes better. If you are like the bean, when things are at their worst, you get better and make things better around you.

Ask yourself how you handle adversity. Are you a carrot, an egg, or a coffee bean?

Back Seat Learners

Be careful how you drive. Your children will pick up your bad habits.

If you?re a menace behind the wheel of a car, then your children will probably be bad drivers too. American researchers have found that the offspring of drivers with a bad accident record are also likely to have a disproportionate number of accidents when they start to drive themselves.

“If parents set a bad example, it is logical that the child will follow suit.”Says Jane Eason, a spokeswoman for Britain?s Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents. “Parents should set an example. It?s never too early to teach people about road safety.”

Susan Ferguson of the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety and her Colleagues looked at the accident records of 140 000 families in North Carolina, comparing the

records of parents with their children between the ages of 18 and 21. They found that children of parents who had been in at least three crashes in the previous five years were 22 percent more likely to have crashed their car than the children of parents who had not had an accident.

The researchers found a similar link for traffic violations, such as exceeding the speed limit and running a red light. If the parents had three or more violations, their children were 38 percent more likely to have broken traffic laws. Sons were twice as likely to have broken traffic laws as daughters. However, children from single-parent households had a slightly better accident record—possibly because these families are likely to drive less, the researchers say.

The findings also confirmed that accident record of this group of teenagers was far worse than drivers? records. “Teens are at high risk when they drive,” says Ferguson. “But I think parents need to be aware that they could be serving as role models for their children both before they are licensed and when they are learning to drive. (321 words)

Poor Dad, Rich Dad

I had two fathers, a poor one and a rich one. One was highly educated and intelligent; he had a Ph.D. and completed four years of undergraduate work in less than two years. He then went on to Stanford University, the University of Chicago, and Northwest University to do his advanced studies; all on full financial scholarships. The other father never finished the eighth grade.

Both men were successful in their careers, working hard all their lives. Both earned substantial incomes. Yet one struggled financially all his life. The other would become one of the richest men in Hawaii. One died leaving tens of millions of dollars to his family, charities and his church. The other left bills to be paid.

Both men were strong, charismatic and influential. Both men offered me advice, but they did not advice the same things. Both men believed strongly in education but did not recommend the same course of study.

If I had had only one dad, I would have had to accept or reject his advice. Having two dads advising me offered me the choice of contrasting points of view: one of a rich man and one of a poor man. Instead of simply accepting or rejecting one or the other, I found myself thinking more, comparing and choosing for myself.

The problem was, the rich man was not rich yet and the poor man not yet poor. Both were just staring out on their careers, and both were struggling with money and families. But they had very different points of view about the subject of money. For example, one dad would say, “The love of money is the root of all evil.” The other, “The lack of money is the root of all evil.”

As a young boy, having two strong fathers both influencing me was difficult. I wanted to be a good son and listen, but the two fathers did not say the same things. The contrast in their points of view, particularly where money was concerned, was so extreme that I grew curious and intrigued. I began to start thinking for long periods of time about what each of them was saying.

Much of my private time was spent reflecting, asking myself questions such as, “Why does he say that?”and then asking the same questions of the other dad?s statement. It would have been much easier to simply say, “Yeah, he?s right. I agree with that.”Or to simply reject the point of view by saying, “The old man doesn?t know what he?s talking about.” Instead, having two dads whom I loved forced me to think and ultimately choose a way of thinking for myself. As a process, choosing for myself turned out to be much more valuable in the long run, rather than simply accepting or rejecting a single point of view.

One of the reasons the rich get richer, the poor get poorer, and the middle class struggle in debt is because the subject of money is taught at home, not in school. Most of us learn about money from our parents. So what can be a poor parent tell their child about money? They simply say “Study in school and study hard.”The child may graduate with excellent grades but with a poor person?s financial programming and mindset. It was learned while the child was young.

Money is not taught in schools. Schools focus on scholastic and professional skills, but not on financial skills. This explains how smart bankers, doctors and accountants who earned excellent grades in school may still struggle financially all of their lives. Our staggering national debt is due in large part to highly educated politicians and government officials making financial decisions with little or no training on the subject of money.

I often look ahead to the new millennium and wonder what will happen when we have millions of people who will need financial and medical assistance. They will be dependent on their families or the government for financial support. What will happen when Medicare and Social Security run out of money? How will a nation survive if teaching children about money continues to be left to parents—most of whom will be, or already are, poor?

Because I had two influential fathers, I learned from both of them. I had to think about each dad?s advice, and in doing so, I gained valuable insight into the power and effect of one?s thoughts on one?s life. For example, one dad had a habit of saying, “I can?t afford it.” The other dad forbade those words to be used. He insisted I say, “How can I afford it?” One is a statement, and the other is a question. One lets you off the hook, and the other forces you to think. By asking the question “How can I afford it?”your brain is put to work. He did not mean buy everything you wanted. He was fanatical about exercising your mind, the most powerful computer in the world. “My brain gets stronger every day because I exercise it. The stronger it gets, the more money it gets, the more money I can make.” He believed that automatically saying “I can?t afford it” was a sign of mental laziness.

Although both dads worked hard, I noticed that one dad had habit of putting his brain to sleep when it came to money matters, and the other had a habit of exercising the brain. The long-term result was that one dad grew stronger financially and other grew weaker, it is not much different from a person who goes to the gym to exercise on a regular basis versus someone who sits on the couch watching television. Proper exercise increases your chances for wealth. Laziness decreases both health and wealth.

My two dads had opposite attitudes in thought. One dad recommended, “Study hard so you can find a good company to work for.” The other recommended, “Study hard so you can find a good company to buy.” One dad said?“The reason I?m not rich is because I have you kids.” The other said, “The reason I must be rich is because I have you kids.”

One encouraged talking about money and business at the dinner table. The other forbade the subject of money to be discussed over a meal. One believed, “Our home is our largest investment and greatest asset.” The other believed, “My house is a liability, and if your house is your largest investment, you?re in trouble.

One dad believed in a company or the government taking care of you and your needs. He was always concerned about pay rises, retirement plans, medical benefits, sick leaves, vacation days and other perks. He also loved the tenure system available through the university. The idea of job protection for life and job benefits seemed more important, at times, than the job. He would often say, “I?ve worked hard for the government, and I?m entitled to these benefits.” The other believed in total financial serf-reliance. He spoke out against the “entitlement”mentality and how it was creating weak and financially needy people. He was emphatic about financially competent.

One dad struggled to save a few dollars. The other simply created investments. One dad taught me how to write an impressive resume so I could find a good job. The other taught me how to write strong business and financial plans so I could create jobs.

Being a product of two strong dads allowed me the luxury of observing the effects different thoughts have on one?s life. I noticed that people really do shape their life through their thoughts.

For example, my poor dad always said, “I?ll never be rich.”And that prophesy became reality. My rich dad, on the other hand, always referred to himself as rich. He would say things like, “I? am a rich man, and rich people don?t do this.” Even when he was flat broke after a major financial set-back, he continued to refer to himself as a rich man. He would cover himself by saying, “There is a difference between being poor and being broken. Broke is temporary, and poor is eternal.”

The power of our thoughts may never be measured or appreciated, but it became obvious to me as a young boy to be aware of my thoughts and how I expressed myself.

I noticed that my poor dad was poor not because of the amount of money he earned, which was significant, but because of his thoughts and actions. AS a young boy, having two fathers, I became acutely aware of being careful which thoughts I chose to adopt as my own. Whom should I listen to my rich dad or my poor dad?

Although both men had tremendous respect for education and learning, they disagreed in what they thought was important to learn. One would want me to study hard, earn a degree and get a good job to work for money. He wanted me to study to become a professional, an attorney or an accountant or to go to business school for my MBA. The other encouraged me to study to understand how money works and learn how to have it work for me. “I don?t work for money!” were words he would repeat over and over, “Money works for me!”

(1552 words)

The Best Time of My Life

It was June 15, and in two days I would be turning thirty. I was insecure about entering a new decade of my life and feared that my best years were now behind me.

My daily routine included going to the gym for a workout before going to work. Every morning I would see my friend Nicholas at the gym. He was seventy-nine years old and in terrific shape. As I greeted Nicholas on this particular day, he noticed I wasn?t full of my usual vitality and asked if there was anything wrong. I told him I was feeling anxious about turning thirty. I wondered how I would look back on my life once I reached Nicholas?s age, so I asked him,” What was the best time of your life?”

Without hesitation, Nicholas replied, “Well, Joe, this is my philosophical answer to your philosophical question:

“When I was a child in Austria and everything was taken care of for me and I was nurtured by my parents, that was the best time of my life.

“When I was going to school and learning the things I know today, that was the best time of my life.”

“When I got my first job and had responsibilities and got paid for my efforts, that was the best time of my life.”

“When I met my wife and fell in love, that was my best time of my life.”

“The Second World War came, and my wife and I had to flee Austria to save our lives. When we were together and safe on a ship bound for North America, that was the best time of my life.”

“When we came to Canada and started a family, that was the best of my life.”

“When I was a young father, watching my children grow up, that was the best time of my life.”

“And now, Joe, I am seventy-nine years old. I have my health, I feel good and I am in love with my wife just as I was when we first met. This is the best time of my life.”(350words)

Vote for Our Hero of the Year

Each month our editors face a difficult decision: Which extraordinary American will be our Everyday Hero? Once a year we put the challenge to you: Tell us which of the past year’s heroes you found most inspiring. Vote at https://www.wendangku.net/doc/518326681.html,/heroes. The winner is invited to ring the closing bell at the New York Stock Exchange. We’ll share highlights in our April issue.

The Surfer

F rom a surfer?s perspective, July20, 2004, was a gorgeous afternoon. Offshore storms had churned up the Atlantic, generating giant waves. Jason Clauss, 26, got in a

good two hours at Dolphin Lane Beach, near his home on the eastern tip of Long Island, New York. He was peeling off his wet suit when a boy ran up, pointing to the water. “Two kids are in trouble,” he said.

Clauss could make out a pair of swimmers splashing and waving their arms. He grabbed his board and ran into the waves.

Two brothers, 10 and 13, had been snared by a riptide. Paddling furiously, Clauss managed to reach the younger of the two and prop him up on his surfboard. He dove into the chilly water seven times, looking for the other boy, but with no luck. Clauss, who nearly lost his own brother to a riptide13 years before, is still haunted by the kid he could not save. But police sergeant Richard Bookamer, who was on the beach that day, says with utmost certainty that if Jason Clauss hadn?t reacted so quickly and decisively, there would have been two drownings instead of one. (March)

The Visitors

John Springer and Jane Margaret Dow were visiting their elderly parents at a retirement home in Alexandria, Virginia, when suddenly, the Sunday afternoon quiet was interrupted by a bloodcurdling cry. An employee was attacking his boss with a knife. Springer rushed at the man, grabbing his arm, and allowing the victim, Jeanne Hobbs, to get away. Mustafa Mohamed turned the knife on Springer, leaving facial wounds that required 48 stitches. Then he made his way down the hall, slashing at patients. Heart racing, Dow stepped into Mohamed?s path, raised the can of pepper spray she always carried in her purse and blasted him in the eyes. Says a grateful Jeanne Hobbs, “How many people are going to do that?” (May)

The Neighbor

Awakened by screams one freezing morning in December, 2004, John Cammarata stumbled out of bed and over to the window. A house across the street was on fire. He dialed 911, and then threw on sweats and ran outside. At 40, Cammarata suffered from a cardiac condition and had recently undergone an angioplasty. He?d only been back

to work as a New York City bus driver for three months. But the owners of the burning house, the Gallos, had four foster children. He wouldn?t be able to live on this block if he stood by while they died. Behind him, his wife, Denise, called, “Think about your heart!”

Holding his breath, he went into the house three times until he?d pulled everybody to safety. As power lines exploded overhead, he ran door to door, getting other families out of their homes. The next day Cammarata awoke to find himself labeled a hero on the front page of the New York Daily News. And when he showed up on his bus route, passengers applauded. (April)

The Safety Patroller

Fifth-grader Pytrce Farmer wore the fluorescent lime belt that identified her as a

member of the Safety Patrol as she stood vigilantly outside Eva Turner Elementary School in Waldorf, Maryland—something she did every day. That afternoon, for reasons he can?t explain, six-year- old Gabriel Dickson stepped off the sidewalk, right into traffic. A van was heading straight for him. Everyone froze—except Farmer. She grabbed the boy and yanked him back. The van, only inches away, jerked to a stop. For her bravery, Farmer was awarded an AAA School Safety Patrol Lifesaving Medal. And Gabriel says he learned his lesson: “Stay on the sidewalk.” (June)

The Whistle- Blower

Peter scannell knew they were onto him. But he refused to back down, and wound up exposing one of the biggest scams in mutual fund history. For months Scannell had protested to his bosses at Putnam Investments in Boston that some laborunion investors were making unethical, if not outright illegal, trades. But the brass turned a blind eye. So Scannell went to the SEC. Two days later, a burly guy in a gray Boilermakers Local 5 sweatshirt grabbed him as he sat in his car and bashed him in the head with a brick. For weeks afterward, Scannell felt dizzy and had headaches. He was diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder and was on disability, losing$100,000 in wages. Still, he has no regrets.

Ultimately, Putnam agreed to pay $110 million in restitution and penalties. “I give all th e credit in the world to Peter,” says Matthew Nestor, Massachusetts director of securities. “It?s not easy to be the one person who stands up and says, …This is wrong.? ”

(February)

The Passerby

As he drove home in a blinding rainstorm, Ednei Lima saw a man climb up onto a bridge and jump. Lima went right after him, into the swirling waters of the Still River in Danbury, Connecticut. Far from grateful, 19-year-old Andrew Higgenbottom punched and kicked his rescuer. “I got my reasons to kill myself,” he sa id. But Lima wasn?t about to let the young man die. Thanks to a black belt in jujitsu, he managed to wrestle Higgenbottom to the riverbank and hold him until EMTs arrived. “I had no time to think whether it was dangerous,” said Lima. “I just wanted to get the kid out.” (November)

The Inventor

Determined to create the world?s cheapest wheelchair, Don Schoendorfer, a mechanical engineer from Orange County, California, tinkered in his garage for three hours every day before work. The chair would have to traverse mountains, swamps and deserts, and endure heat and frost. Around the world many of the poorest people live on less than $2 a day and could never dream of buying a Westerntype wheelchair. Finally, one day he hit on just the right design: the ubiquitous white plastic lawn chair, with two sturdy bike tires.

Today the chairs can be shipped anywhere in the world for just$41.17.

Schoendorfer?s nonprofit group, Free Wheelchair Mission, has delivered more than 75,000 to people in Angola, India, Peru, even Iraq. With more than 100 million disabled poor in developing countries, he says, “I have a small goal. Twenty million chairs given away free by2010.” (July)

The Rookie

On the day Jeff Bassett pulled a man from his burning house, Jeff was late for school. On a whim, he?d taken a different route, down Orchard Road in Briarcliff Manor, New York. Seeing smoke, he made a quick U-turn and called 911. Sixteen- year-old Jeff come from a family of firefighters. Coincidentally, his dad was first to arrive on the scene. By then, Jeff had already found the homeowner, Peter Tierney, 71, in the smoke-filled garage. “You?ve got to get out of here,” he urged. “It?s going to get really bad.” Jeff guided him toward the door, but the man moved slowly. Chunks of burning roof fell around them. They had to go faster. The burly hockey player lifted Tierney in his arms and carried him out, just before flames swallowed the home?s top story. It took 60 firefighters to bring the fire under control. (October)

The Mom

Ten-year-old Chiara Rufus of Syracuse, New York, loved buying groceries for her mother. As she was on her way home with milk and bread one day last August, a man leaned from his car window and asked, “Want a ride?” Chiara shook her head. But

the man followed. He pulled up clos e and opened the passenger door. “Get in!” he ordered.

Driving by, 34-year-old mother of three Monique Williams thought, Something?s not right.

“You know him?” she asked the girl. When Chiara said no, Williams gunned her van and stopped in front of the car, blocking it in. Then she made sure Chiara got out. Police arrested the man, charging him with endangering the welfare of a child and possessing child pornography. Williams could have stopped a child molestation, says Syracuse Police Chief Gary Miguel. He and the mayor gave Williams a civilian commendation. The plaque hangs in her living room, along with another one that?s even more special. It reads: “To my guardian angel Monique Williams. I love you. Chiara Rufus.” (December)

The Student

A young man in a black trench coat, his hair spiked into thorns, walked into Red Lake Senior High in northern Minnesota carrying three guns. Jeff Weise shot and killed eight people and wounded seven more in the deadliest school shooting since Columbine. Sophomore Jeff Ma y, armed only with the pencil he?d used for algebra, tried to stop him. May ran at the gunman and jabbed him hard in the side. The two struggled; May was shot in the face. The police showed up, exchanging gunfire with Weise, who then killed himself. May?s teacher, Missy Dodds, is sure he saved his classmates? lives—and hers. Of his selfless action, Dodds says, “I totally would

expect that of him.” (September)

The Pilot

Normally Jeremy Johnson used his helicopter to visit branches of his Internet company, spread all over Utah. Now the sheriff had recruited him to scout for people stranded in their homes after drenching rains knocked out roads and bridges. Battling violent wind gusts, Johnson managed to land in a waterlogged field near the house where Rolf and Renae Ludwig and their five children were huddled. One by one, Johnson loaded them into the fourseater copter and ferried them to safety. And the following weekend, when people asked for rides over the area, the pilot asked for donations. All $20,000 wen t to the Ludwig family. “Our angel wings,” says Renae. (August) (1655 words)

The Princess and the Nun

-Diana, Mother Teresa Linked in Life and in Death

John Christensen

On the afternoon of June 18, 1997, Diana, Princess of Wales met in New York City with Mother Teresa, the Calcutta nun known as "the saint of the gutters" and winner of the 1979 Nobel Peace Prize. They met not in a grand hotel, as people of their fame might, nor at the United Nations, as would have befit their international stature. They met, instead, in a grim brick building on East 145th Street in a poverty-stricken area of the Bronx known as Mott Haven. The princess and the nun had met before, brought together by a common concern for the less fortunate. "She was very much concerned about the poor," Mother Teresa said months later. "That's why she came close to me."

They emerged from the mission that day holding hands, Diana smartly turned out in a white suit, the tiny, wizened nun looking frail in her white, $1 sari with the blue trim. They shook hands on the sidewalk while cameras rolled and nuns, bystanders and police officers watched. Mother Teresa composed herself on the sidewalk, hands pressed together in the pose of prayerful respect common in the East, and spoke some final words to the princess. When Mother Teresa finished, Diana bent down to hug her, then walked to her limousine. She paused to wave at bystanders and flash her famous smile before riding away.

Two months later, fate brought them together again. On Sunday, August 31, Princess Diana died from injuries she suffered in an automobile accident in Paris. Five days later, Mother Teresa died of heart failure in Calcutta, India. Seldom, if ever, have the deaths of two such well-known and well-loved people occurred so close together, or with such cathartic effect in the global village. Both were given state funerals that drew big, adoring crowds. Diana's funeral in London, an event televised worldwide, seemed like a global day of mourning. Mother Teresa's funeral was also televised internationally, and in Calcutta, many in a crowd

estimated at one million pressed close to the procession, hoping to touch her casket as it passed.

Mother Teresa was eighty-seven when she died and had lived a long and exceptionally productive life. Diana, however, was thirty-six. Her death was not only premature, but tragic and violent as well. Diana had been public property since she was nineteen and was wooed and later wed by Prince Charles. Their fairy-tale wedding gave way to the reality of life in the royal family. Indeed, it became Britain's most exciting soap opera, one in which the prince proved to be deeply in love with another woman and obviously required Diana only as a broodmare to provide him with heirs.

Diana's own affairs, the royal divorce and later episodes became the very lifeblood of the tabloids. In truth, Diana never quite outgrew the symbolism of her title. Well into her thirties, she seemed less the accomplished woman than a naive young woman whose dazzling smile could not hide the sadness and needy weakness in her eyes. Her problem was perhaps less the behavior than its timing. Swept out of school and into marriage, Diana never got to be a normal young adult, a time for trying on and taking off people as if they were clothes at the Gap. Denied that process of personal discovery, she became a martyr to love, confusing the approval of others with the sense of self she lacked. Even in the sleek gowns she wore to spectacular effect, the princess seemed diffident and uncertain, and needed the arm of a man to guide her.

The irony in her association with Mother Teresa is that it wasn't until the nun was thirty-six - Diana's age at death - that she discovered her true calling. Teresa joined a Catholic teaching order at eighteen, but it was while aboard a train to the Himalayan region that she said God told her to devote herself to "the poorest of the poor." She opened her first mission with twelve people in one of Calcutta's desperate neighborhoods, and during the next fifty years, Mother Teresa worked with the poor, the sick, the maimed, the homeless and the helpless. Her single-mindedness was such that when Pope Paul VI gave her a white Lincoln Continental, she auctioned it off and used the money to establish a leper colony. On another occasion, she persuaded Lebanese guerrillas and Israeli troops to stop shooting at each other so she could evacuate thirty-seven children in a Beirut hospital.

As a bride of Christ, Mother Teresa disavowed power, fame and wealth, and yet she became powerful and famous and generated enough wealth to support a worldwide organization with 4,000 employees. Mother Teresa was her own woman - she probably would have said she was God's daughter - guided by an unerring sense of purpose that drove her to compassion in more than 100 countries.

A year after the deaths of the princess and the nun, Diana is remembered for her gentle, wounded goodness, and for seeming to prove, as many suspect, that life is unfair. Yet she had the opportunity to learn that it is not necessarily so. For in Mother Teresa, Princess Diana met a woman who came to the world's stage not through birth, marriage or connection, but through the fruits of her own determined

efforts. Mother Teresa did not seek admiration or approval, but rather the fulfillment of her calling. In the process, she found herself. (923 words)

Privacy，Neither Absolute Nor Highly Valued Ask almost any American or any citizen of many other nations if they cherish their privacy, or wish to have more privacy—from the government, corporations, or Peeing Toms—and most will say that they indeed cherish it and are keen to have more. A Harris poll conducted in March 2003 fond that 79 percent of Americans think it is “extremely important” to control who can get information about you, while 69 percent said it is “extremely important” to control what information is collected about you. (And a study by Barrinton Moore (1984) found that some kind of concept of privacy is appreciated in cultures all around the world.) But this and other such questions are false ones because they are cost-free. It is like asking someone if he or she wants to have better health or some other good without any costs attached. The same people who want too have more privacy often use their credit and debit cards, leaving a trail that tells what they purchased at Victoria?s Secret and with whom they checked into a motel or with whom they flew to a beach resort. Even if these people are reminded that if they pay cash then their privacy will be much better protected, most of them will show you in the way they conduct their affairs that they would rather do with much less privacy than be even slightly inconvenienced.

Privacy is a good, but hardly the only one; and privacy must be and is regularly weighed against many other goods. A child is brought to the emergency room with cigarette burn marks on his arms. X-rays reveal that his bones were broken several times. The parents will be suspected of child abuse and they will be asked many privacy-violating questions—or a cause few would doubt outweighs their desire to remain unexamined: the well-being of a child. Similarly, I often ask many audiences whether they would like to know if the person entrusted with the care of their child is a convicted child molester. I mention that when such screening is done, thousands are found to have criminal records. I further ask, would hey want to know if the staff in the nursing home in which their mother now lives have criminal records that include abusing the elderly? I note that 14 percent of such employees are found to have criminal records, including violent acts against senior citizens. And, should public authorities be entitled to determine whether drivers of school buses, pilots, and members of the police are zonked on drugs? Should the FBI be in a position to crack the encrypted messages employed by terrorists before they use them to orchestrate the next bombing?

In short, our behavior shows that there are numerous values that trump or take precedence over privacy. Nor are there any ethical principles to guide us otherwise. This does not mean that we should disrespect privacy, but merely recognizes its place as one value amongst others. (502 words)

A Thing Called Radar Wine

An innovative use of radar technology may help winemakers grow high-quality

grapes, according to researchers at the University of California, Berkeley. Producing good grapes for wine is a delicate process, most winemakers will say, and soil moisture is a key factor—but accurately monitoring the soil?s water content is a difficult and expensive task.

To improve current techniques, a team at UC Berkley has developed a system using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) to map soil moisture in vineyards. “By providing detailed information about soil moisture, we can help viticulturists refine their irrigation strategies to use water more efficiently,” says Yore Rubin, professor of civil and environmental engineering and lead investigator of the project. “This has the potential to improve grape quality while reducing energy and water use, which is especially important in drought-prone areas.” Rubin adds that the technology affords a closer look at shallow-earth geology, an examination of which could play a key role in efforts to reduce agricultural pollution.

For the past several years, the researchers have been testing their technology at the vineyards of the Robert Mondovi Winery and the Decliner Winery in California?s Napa and Sonoma counties. They use a vacuum cleaner-sized machine to skim the soil surface, sending electromagnetic pulses into the first few meters of soil. The GPR signals are analyzed to determine moisture levels in different layers of soil. The speed of the transmitted and reflected signals varies with the water content of the soil; waves move slower in wetter soil and fas ter in drier soils. “It?s well-recognized that moderate water stress has a positive impact on wine grape quality,” says Susan Hubbard, a hydro geophysicist at Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory and a UC Berkeley engineer in the Department of Civil and En vironmental Engineering.” Too little water, and the vine can get over-stressed to the point where the crop is lost. On the other hand, an oversupply of water tends to favor development of the leafy vegetation at the expense of berry ripening and fruit qual ity,” she explains. The delicate balance of soil moisture is important in creating smaller berries, which have a higher skin-to-juice ratio. With this higher ratio, the wine grape is more concentrated, ultimately leading to a finer wine.

Current techniques of measuring soil moisture typically involve sampling the soil at a few locations within a vineyard. Not only are techniques costly and invasive, they may not always create an accurate representation of the distribution of vineyard soil moisture. The soil at one location may be quite different from the soil a few meters away, says Hubbard. While vintners may be the primary beneficiaries of the GPR technology, moisture-sensitive crops such as walnuts, almonds, and other orchard-frown products could benefit, says Hubbard. She noted that the researchers chose to test the technique in vineyards because of the fact that it is “a high cash crop” and because it is worth the effort to vintners to use such detailed data in conjunction with their irrigation plan. (503 words)

Police Handling of Gangs

Criminologists say that the number of cities experiencing gang problems has jumped dramatically over the past twenty years. The usual police response to gangs

had been to deal with them by relying on the personnel at hand. But in the 1980s, departments began forming a new special group called the police gang unit; by now, more than half of all large departments report having such a unit.

These units are the special branch of the department, separate from the rest of the force, with experts trained to perform specific tasks. Because this is a unit formed over twenty years ago, it has come into being about the same time as community policing. How compatible are these new departments with each other? Apparently, not very.

Gang nit officers work mostly without any supervision. When officers work the streets, they may go weeks, and perhaps months, without a sergeant observing their work…This often leaves the mission and focus of the gang unit up to individual interests, rather than to a concerted effort on the part of the police organization to develop focused goals and a well-thought-out strategic plan to achieve those goals. In sum, specialized gang units are well positioned to facilitate the practice of community-oriented policing, because they are loosely coupled with the larger organization.

One of the emphases of these specialized gang units is gang suppression. They respond to street crimes thought to have been committed by gangs. These include serious offenses, such as drive-by shootings, assaults, and drug selling. Police in the gang unit generally believe the best strategy is to reduce gang crime by moving in to catch offenders and seeing to it that they are punished swiftly, surely, and severely. Their model is deterrence, both special and general. Gang units (unlike community policing) do not try to win over the gang members? hearts and minds.

Once upon a time, policy makers held out great hope for milder forms of intervention. Back in the 1960s and 1970s, it was widely that gangs grew up in communities that were economically deprived, and that gang members could be turned around, their values and beliefs altered to fit in with mainstream society. In a number of cases, a detached worker was sent in to interact with the gang, to encourage members to get involved in socially acceptable pastimes, such as club activities and sports. Those attempts did no prove particularly successful, however; indeed, some commentators believe that they either (1) made gangs stronger and more cohesive or (2) gave the gangs more respect, a grater reputation. In either case, the result was that the gang became more of a force, more attractive to new members, and more delinquent.

One of the reasons that gang cops prefer to focus on gang suppression is that they have a rather distorted, stereotypical picture of gang members. They tend to believe that all gang members are thugs or thieves committed to a life of crime. Malcolm Klein argues that this is a misinterpretation of the facts. He points out that most gang crime is relatively minor, not more serious than vandalism, most activity by gang members is nit a violation of law, and most gangs are social groups without strong leadership. When gang cops cast all gang members as “violent thugs” who need to be “put away”, they are overacting; they neglect to mention that many youths the cops confront do not belong to gangs. When police use confrontational tactics with kids who are presumed to be gang members, the effect is to antagonize the youths, make

them more likely to join a gang, and make the gang more cohesive and united. (619)

Why Men and Women Can’t Communicate

A man and a woman were seated in a car that had been circling the same area for a half hour. The woman was saying, “Why don?t we just ask someone?” The man was saying, not for the first time, “I?m sure it?s around here somewhere. I?ll just try this street.”

Why are so many men reluctant to ask directions? Why aren?t women? And why can?t women understand why men don?t want to ask? The explanation, for this and for countless minor and major frustrations that women and men encounter when they talk to each other, lies in the different ways that they use language―the differences that begin with how girls and boys use language as children, growing up in different worlds.

Anthropologists, sociologists and psychologists have found that little girls play in small groups or in pairs; they have a best friend, with whom they spend a lot of time talking. It?s the telling of secrets that makes them best friends. They learn to use language to negotiate intimacy―to make connections and feel close to each other.

Boys, on the other hand, tend to play competitive games in large groups, which are hierarchical. High-status boys give orders, and low-status boys are pushed around. So boys learn to use language to preserve independence and negotiate their status, trying to hold center stage, challenge and resist challenges, display knowledge and verbal skills.

These divergent assumptions about the purpose of language persist into adulthood, where, they lie in wait behind cross-gender conversations, ready to leap out and cause puzzlement or grief, in the case of asking for directions, the same interchange is experienced differently by women and men. From a woman?s perspective, you ask for help, you get it, and you get to where you?re going. A fleeting connection is made with a stranger, which is fundamentally pleasant. But a man is aware that by admitting ignorance and asking for information, he positions himself one-down to someone else. Far form pleasant, this is humiliating. So it makes sense for him to preserve his independence and self-esteem at the cost of a little extra travel time.

Here is another scene form the drama of the differences in men?s and women?s ways of talking. A woman and a man return home from work. She tells everything that happened during the day: what she did, whom she met, what they said, what that made her think. Then she turns to him and asks, “How was your day?”He says, “Same old rat race.” She feels locked out: “You don?t tell me anything.” He protests, “Nothing happened at work.”They have different assumptions about what?s “anything” to tell. To her, telling life?s daily events and impressions means she?s not alone in the world. Such talk is the essence of intimacy―evidence that she and her partner are best friends. Since he never spent time talking in this way with his friends, best or otherwise, he doesn?t expect it, doesn?t know how to do it, and doesn?t miss it

when it isn?t there.

Another source of mutual frustration is the difference in women?s and men?s assumptions about “troubles talk.”She begin to talk about a problem; he offers a solution, she dismisses it, with pique(赌气). He feels frustrated: “She complains, but she doesn?t want to do anything to solve her problem.” Indeed, what she wants to do about it is talk. She is frustrated because his solution cuts short the discussion, and implies she can?t be wasting time talking about it.

The female search for connection and the male concern with hierarchy is evident here, too. When a woman tells another woman about a problem, her friend typically explores the problem (“and then what did he say?”“What do you think you might do?”); expresses understanding (“I know how you feel”); or offers a similar experience (“It?s like the time I…”). All these responses express support and bring them closer. But offering a solution positions the problem-solver as one-up. This asymmetry(非对称) is distancing: just the opposite of what she was after in bringing up the discussion.

A woman was hurt when she heard her husband telling the guests at a dinner party about an incident involving his boss that he hadn?t told her. She felt this proved that he hadn?t been honest when he hadn?t said n nothing happened at work. But he didn?t think of this experience as a story to tell until he needed to come up with material to put himself forward at the dinner party.

Thus, it isn?t that woman always talk more, while men are taciturn and succinct. Women talk more at home, since talk, for them, is a way of creating intimacy. Since men regard talk as a means to negotiate status, they often see no need to talk at home. But they talk more in “public”situations with people they know less well. At a meeting, when questions are solicited(被要求) from the floor, it is almost always a man who speaks first.

If women and men have different ways of talking, then expecting us to be the same leads to disappointment and mutual accusation. Unaware of conversational style differences, we fall back on mutual blame: “You go on and on about nothing.”“You don?t listen to me.”

Realizing that a partner's behavior is not his or her individual failing, but a normal expression of gender, lifts this burden of blame and disappointment. Understanding gender differences in ways of talking is the first step toward changing. Not knowing that people of the other gender have different ways of talking, and different assumptions about the place of talk in a relationship, people assume they are doing things right and their partners are doing things wrong. Then no one is motivated to change; if your partner is accusing you of wrong behavior, changing would be tantamount to(等于) admitting fault. But when they think of the differences as cross-cultural, people find that they and their partners are willing, even eager, to make small adjustments that will please their partners and improve the relationship.

English Food

English food has a bad reputation abroad. This is most probably because foreigners in England are often obliged to eat in the more “popular” type of restaurant.

Here, it is necessary to prepare food rapidly in large quantities, and the taste of the food inevitably suffers, though its quality, from the point of view of nourishment, is quite satisfactory. Still, it is rather dull and not always attractively presented. Moreover, the Englishman eating in a cheap or medium price restaurant is usually in a hurry at least at lunch and a meal eaten in a leisurely manner in pleasant surroundings is always far more enjoyable than a meal taken hastily in a business-like atmosphere. In general, it is possible to get an adequate meal at a reasonable price; in fact, such a meal may be less expensive than similar food abroad. For those with money to spare, there are restaurants that compare favorably with the best in any country.

In many countries, breakfast is a snack than a meal, but the traditional English breakfast is a full meal. Some people have a cereal or porridge to begin with. If porridge is prepared from coarse oatmeal (in the proper Scottish manner) it is tasty, economical, and nourishing dish, especially when it is eaten with milk or cream, and sugar or salt. Then comes a substantial, usually cooked, course such as bacon and eggs, sausages and bacon. Yorkshire ham is also a breakfast specialty. Afterwards comes toast, with butter and marmalade, and perhaps some fruit. Tea or coffee is drunk with the meal. Many English people now take such a full breakfast only on Sunday morning.

The traditional English meal (lunch or dinner, lunch generally being the lighter meal) is based on plain, simply cooked food. British beefsteak is unsurpassed and is accompanied by roast potatoes, or potatoes done in their jackets; a second vegetable, and Yorkshire pudding.

English lamb chops, best when grilled, make a very tasty dish, particularly when eaten with fresh spring peas, new potatoes and mint sauce. English pork is good, but English veal is sometimes disappointing.

Apple pie is a favorite sweet, and English puddings, of which there are various types, are an excellent ending to a meal, especially in winter.

English cheeses deserve to be better known than they are. The “king” of cheese is Stilton, a blue-veined cheese both smooth and strong, and at its best when port is drunk with it. Cheddar, Cheshire, and Lancashire are all pleasing to the palate, and cream cheeses are to be had in various parts of the country. In Devon, excellent clotted cream is made, which goes well with English strawberries and raspberries.

But what, you may, shall we drink with our meal? Many will agree with the writer in answering: English beer, preferably bitter or pale ale, or cider. If it is real Devonshire country cider, be careful—it is stronger than you think when you first taste it.

In recent years the British have become more cosmopolitan in their eating habits, and many families frequently sit down to meals whose ingredients or recipes may come from India, China, or indeed anywhere in the world. (561 words)

Another Reason to Lose Weight

Here?s yet another reason to lose weight. Heavier people are more likely to be killed or seriously injured in car accidents than lighter people.

That could mean car designers will have to build in new safety features to

如何写英语论文(非常有用)

英文科技论文中的语言技巧，不可不看 a)如何指出当前研究的不足以及有目的地引导出自己的研究的重要性通常在叙述了前人成果之后，用However来引导不足，比如However,little information.. little attention... little work... little data little research or few studies few investigations... few researchers... few attempts... or no none of these studies has(have)been less done on... focused on attempted to conducted investigated studied (with respect to) Previous research(studies,records)has(have) failed to consider ignored misinterpreted neglected to overestimated,underestimated misleaded thus,these previous results are inconclusive,misleading,unsatisfactory,questionable,controversial.. Uncertainties(discrepancies)still exist... 这种引导一般提出一种新方法，或者一种新方向。如果研究的方法以及方向和前人一样，可以通过下面的方式强调自己工作的作用：However,data is still scarce rare less accurate there is still dearth of We need to aim to have to provide more documents

华科双学位英语new

2008级、07级（五年制）英语二学位通知 2008级、2007级（五年制）申请修读华中科技大学英语第二学位的同学请注意：非华科大同学请于2010年3月5号上七校联合办学网查看自己的分班情况及课表，仔细阅读课表下方有关上课时间、上课地点以及教材购买等的通知，按通知要求做好上课前的准备，并根据课表的安排准时到指定地点上课。华科大的同学除上述要求外，还必须于缴费当天上班时间持缴费收据到科技楼南楼212注册。华中科技大学外国语学院英语系 2009年12月20号

英语双学位（1班---16班）2009－2010学年度第二学期课表（周六上课）第一次上课时间: 2010年3月6号（第一周周六）上课地点: 东九教学楼（上午8：30----11：40，下午2：00----5：10）请同学们第一次上课时于7：50以前到达上课地点，以便有充足的时间购买教材；请仔细阅读课表下方的有关通知注：第一次上课时间：2010年3月6号（第一周周六）；（2010年3月6号为第一周周六，2010年3月7号为第二周周日，3月13号为第二周周六，3月14号为第三周周日，以此类推。）上课周次：周六班（1---16班）：1---3周、5---12周、14---15周；除按课表已安排的周次正常上课外，本学期节假日（如清明节、五·一节、端午节）均安排补课。

英语双学位（17班---26班）2009－2010第二学期课表（周日上课）第一次上课时间: 2010年3月7号（第二周周日）上课地点: 东九教学楼（上午8：30----11：40，下午2：00----5：10）请同学们第一次上课时于7：50以前到达上课地点，以便有充足的时间购买教材；请仔细阅读课表下方的有关通知注：第一次上课时间：2010年3月7号（第二周周日）（2010年3月6号为第一周周六，2010年3月7号为第二周周日，3月13号为第二周周六，3月14号为第三周周日，以此类推。）上课周次：（17---28班）：2---4周、6 ---12周、14周、16周除按课表已安排的周次正常上课外，本学期节假日（如清明节、五·一节、端午节）均安排补课。

双学位毕业论文

内蒙古财经大学本科双学位学士论文我国商业医疗保险中道德风险的表现及防范作者李乐女系别财政税务学院专业金融学年级双学位（一）班学号122012129 指导教师严存宝导师职称教授

内容提要我国的商业医疗保险是医疗保险制度的补充及重要组成部分，但面对市场需求并未发挥出其应有的作用，阻碍其原因主要来自于商业医疗保险中的道德风险。而道德风险使医疗费用快速不合理地增长，过度消耗有限资源，给社会造成了极大的浪费，同时还恶化了医患关系，降低了社会诚信水平。因此本文从以下几个方面分析我国商业医疗保险中存在的道德风险。关键词：商业医疗保险道德风险第三方支付管理型医疗保险 Abstract Our country's commercial medical insurance is the supplement and the important part of the medical insurance system, but in the face of the market demand and not to play its due role, the reason is mainly from the moral hazard in the commercial medical insurance. And the moral hazard makes the medical expenses fast and unreasonable, excessive consumption of limited resources, the society has caused a great waste, but also deteriorated the relationship between doctors and patients, reduce the level of social integrity. Therefore, this article analyzes the moral hazard in the commercial medical insurance in China from the following aspects. Key words：Commercial medical insurance moralrisk Third-party payment Managed health insurance

双学位论文写作要求

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（二） 1、二、（一）（二） …… 六、论文注释格式凡文中引用的数据和观点均应以注释形式表明具体出处。正文中引用的数据和观点均用脚注的形式标明出处，采用①②……这样的序号，标注处应该用上标（即①②……）。脚注序号每页新起，即每页序号从①开始。脚注采用小5号楷体。七、论文图表格式 1、表和图均应有标题，以表1、表2…….，图1、图2……，显示，表和图若为引用，必须标明详细出处（标在图、表的下方），表、图中的符号要予以说明。示例：说明：① ② ③资料来源：国家统计局：《中国统计年鉴（2000）》，80页，北京，中国统计出版社，2000。 2、表序、表题放在表的上方，图序、图题放在图的下方。论文中的表述不要用上表、下表、上图、下图之类的表述，而是直接用表1，图1这样的表述。 3、表序、表题和图序、图题用小4号楷体粗体。 4、表序与标题之间、图序与图题之间不要加冒号，而是以空格隔开。 5、表和图的内容（指标、符号、数据等）的字体应比正文文字字体小。八、年代、年份、数字的表述方式不能用85年之类的表述，而必须用1985年这样的表述；不能用80年代之类的表述，而必须用20世纪80年代（或1980年代）之类的表述。数字在千位数以上，每隔3位数以空格隔开，如1 000，10 000 000等。九、英文缩写的表述方式英文缩写第一次出现时，必须有中文全称。格式：中文全称（英文缩写）。示例：世界贸易组织（WTO）十、参考文献 1、参考文献标注采用国标方法。示例：参考文献：（先中文，后外文；先书目，后论文） 1．斯密：《国民财富的性质和原因的研究》，中文版，上卷，北京，商务印书馆，1979。 2. 于宗先：《资产泡沫化与经济消长》，载《经济学动态》，2004年第6期。 3．中国人民银行：《各项贷款增速回升，储蓄存款明显增加》，载《中国财经信息网》（网址：https://www.wendangku.net/doc/518326681.html,/），2004年12月13日。外文参考文献建议采用以下格式：

参加英语培训的心得体会3篇

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师的精心讲解，让我了解了如何较好的进行英语的听、说、读、写的教学，我们的英语教学法让学生有较沉重的压力，而不会感到学习的快乐，事实上每一项能力的教学都可以教得非常有趣。优秀教师的做法让我很受启发。很多时候我们的学生不愿开口说英语是因为没有安全的语言环境。强调词汇和语法知识使教师经常当众打断学生的发言，让学生觉得很尴尬，长此以往，学生就不愿当众用英语交流了。因而，要提高学生的听说能力，首先要给学生创造一个安全的语言环境。在安全的语言环境，教师注重交流的内容而不是词汇和语法的正确性。利用自我纠错能力，学生在不断的交流中就能提高听说能力了。只有在不断的练习中，学生的口语能力才会不断的提高。通过这次培训学习，还使我们明白了应该树立终生学习、终身培训的意识，不断更新观念，勤于学习，与时俱进。随着经济国际化全球化的发展，英语词汇的不断更新，社会需求对英语教师的口语、语音、技能等水平要求会越来越高，如果教师不注意加强自身的学习，势必会被动挨打，还误人子弟。作为一线英语教师，通过这次培训感到肩上的担子更重了，非常感谢教育局领导能给我这样一次学习的机会，我会加倍努力，在以后的教育教学中勤于思考，善于分析，尽早成为一名优秀的英语教师！这次培训给我们小学英语教师提供了一次相当不错的学习机会。通过这次学习，我觉得在教育教学方面收获很多。有很多值得我学习借鉴的东西。下面谈一谈我听课的感受：在听完如何上好一节英语课的讲座中，我明白教与学这个双边关系中，教师要培养学生的学习兴趣和良好学习习惯。古人云：“温故而知新”。这就要求我们每一位教师要把“短时高频率”作为教学的一个注意事项。英语教师要合理利

英语专业毕业论文范文

关于论文结构和格式规范的有关问题，请认真阅读“外国语学院英语本科毕业论文撰写要求”，同时可查阅“MLA格式学位论文写作规范（供查询用）”。（建议：以本范文作为模板，把自己论文的相应部分复制后，以“选择性粘贴”—“无格式文本”的方式，粘贴到范文的相应位置，以保持与范文格式完全一致。）论文单面打印1份，左侧装订（两个钉子）。（这些说明打印时删除）文学方向的请务必参考此范文（语言学教学、文化类也可参考）。山东财经大学本科毕业论文(设计) 范文2 题目：论《诺桑觉寺》的反哥特观念学院外国语学院专业英语班级英语0801（注意原山经、原山财班级名称不同）学号67 姓名李晓慧指导教师王俊华山东财经大学教务处制二Ｏ一二年五月

山东财经大学学士学位论文原创性声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的学位论文，是本人在导师的指导下进行研究工作所取得的成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。本声明的法律结果由本人承担。日期填写定稿日期5月1日。教师学生都要手写签名学位论文作者签名：年月日山东财经大学关于论文使用授权的说明本人完全了解山东财经大学有关保留、使用学士学位论文的规定，即：学校有权保留、送交论文的复印件，允许论文被查阅，学校可以公布论文的全部或部分内容，可以采用影印或其他复制手段保存论文。日期填写定稿日期5月1日。教师学生都要手写签名指导教师签名：论文作者签名：年月日年月日

On Anti-Gothicism in Northanger Abbey by Li Xiaohui Under the Supervision of Wang Junhua Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts School of Foreign Studies Shandong University of Finance and Economics May 2012

(完整版)法学双学位毕业论文

啊农民专业合作社法的不足与完善学院名称：外国语学院第二专业：法学主修专业：旅游管理年级班别： 09级旅游管理姓名：李昕指导教师：黄娟

2012年05月农民专业合作社法的不足与完善摘要《中华人民共和国农民专业合作社法》颁布后，我国农民专业合作社实现了突飞猛进的发展，但是由于农民专业合作社法还不够完善，在农民专业合作社的发展过程中暴露出社员身份不规范，农民专业合作社组建目的不纯，各地农民专业合作社经营规模不均、结构单一，龙头企业缺乏等方面的问题。本文通过对农民专业合作社现状的分析，探寻相关原因，找出农民专业合作社法存在的一些漏洞，提出完善农民专业合作社法的建议，对促进我国农民专业合作社健康可持续发展，推进新农村建设具有极其重大的意义。关键词农民专业合作社法；社员权；监管制度 Deficiencies and Measures of Farmers' Professional Cooperatives Law

Abstract After “Law of the People's Republic of China on Farmers' Professional Cooperatives” promulgated, the farmer specialized cooperatives in China the development of farmers’ professional cooperative process exposes some problem such as members identity not standardized, building purpose is impure, scale the analysis of the present situation of farmer professional cooperatives and inquire about the correlation reason to find out the law’s loo pholes, in the light of these problems, I think we can take the following strategies: improving the member right acquisition and loss system, constructing cooperative supervision system, strengthen a government to give aid to policy maneuverability, through targeted specific provisions to fill the law loophole. " Farmers' professional cooperatives" is of great significance to promote the perfection of farmer specialized cooperatives in China sustainable development and promote the construction of new countryside, we should pay attention to it and take measures to complete it. Keywords Farmers' Professional Cooperatives law; membership fight; supervision mechanism

英语培训学习心得体会3篇【精品】

刻板的学习，不仅会影响英语学习的效果，适得其反让他们厌恶学习英语那到底怎么学英语呢?下面是带来的英语培训学习心得体会，希望大家喜欢。篇一：英语培训学习心得体会为期近两个月的远程培训已经落下帷幕。通过这次培训学习，使我们明白了应该树立终生学习、终身培训的意识，不断更新观念，勤于学习,与时俱进。通过学习，我有以下感受：作为一名英语教师，了解最新的英语新课程改革理念显得尤为重要。在这一次培训中，让我看到了有别于传统的英语教学模式课堂教学，了解到了最新的英语课程改革理念。新课程的先进的理念反映了当今时代经济全球化、文化多元化、社会信息化的特点，体现了世界教育发展的趋势，折射出了人们对美好未来的追求。它的核心是新课程理念的落实。一些重大的课程改革不能取得最终的成功，问题基本上都出在课程理念与教师行为的转化上。处在基础教育阶段的英语教学，应面向全体学生，满足不同的需求，注重素质教育，突出学生主体，为学生全面发展和终身发展奠定基础。学生在学习中存在智力、兴趣性格、态度、语言基础能力、学习方式等方面的差异，因此在教学中我试着根据不同学生个体的差异，对他们提出不同的要求。比如对差生，我尽量用难度适中的问题问他们，尽量让他们回答有把握的问题，当他们回答正确时我总会说“ d”如果回答错误我也会说“ a a a .”以表示鼓励。这样他们会因信心大增，加强了参与意识，逐渐消除畏惧心理。面对优生，我则对他们提高要求。创造宽松、和谐的气氛。在教学过程中，注重与学生沟通，让学生消除对英语学习的恐惧感，只有对英语感兴趣，才能保持英语学习的动力并取得好成绩。刻板的学习，不仅会影响英语学习的效果，适得其反让他们厌恶学习英语。因此创造宽松、和谐的学习氛围有利于英语学习。特别强调要关注每个学生的情感，激发他们学习英语的兴趣。“兴趣是最好的老师”，因此，我们要在课堂教学中创设语境，运用一些游戏，使英语课堂“活”起来。我们不要把英语课上成知识传授课，不要以教师的教代替学生的学，而要让学生在活动中去学习英语，通过说说、听听、唱唱、玩玩等形式，让小学生感受到学习英语的快乐，从而培养学习英语的兴趣。在教学过程中，我们还要强调师生互动。小学英语教学过程是师生交往、积极互动、共同发展的过程。所以，我们应该以小学生朋友、帮助者的身份出现，尊重每一个学生。特别要关爱那些在英语学习方面有困难的学生，要尽可能多地为小学生提供实践英语的机会，鼓励他们所做的一切尝试，保护他们的积极性，让他们在活动中增强学习英语的主动性、参与性，培养合作意识。通过这次培训学习，还使我们明白了应该树立终生学习、终身培训的意识，不断更新观念，勤于学习,与时俱进。随着经济国际化全球化的发展，英语词汇的不断更新，社会需求对英语教师的口语、语音、技能等水平要求会越来越高，如果教师不注意加强自身的学习，势必会被动挨打，还误人子弟。因此，英语教师必须不断强化和扎实自己的基本功。把理论和实践相结合，不断的提高自身素质，多听有经验老师的课，取其精华，并将其运用到自己的教学当中，不断反思自己教学中的不足。

写英语论文的注意事项

通过整理,在写英语论文过程中,主要注意的有以下几点: 第一.对于初写英语论文的人来讲.最好不要对原中文论文进行直译. 在谈到这个观点时,唐教授一再强调初写英语论文一定要"抄",也就是说搜集一些类似的国外高级刊物的英语论文,在这些论文中找到要表达相似意思的英文句子,使用它的句型.这样写出来的论文更适合外国人的思维方式.也能让外国人更容易理解.同时也更容易被SCI,EI检索. 他还说,按这种方式写过5篇论文左右,一些地道的英语表达方式就可以熟练的记住了. 第二.在写英语论文之前,首先要确定你要投什么样的期刊.其实投中文期刊论文也是这样的.举个很简单的例子,前几天,我有一个同学,写了一篇用数学问题解决纺织工程问题的论文.导师指导他说:"如果你想投到<<纺织学报>>,在写论文时,在内容上就应该对一些数学知识作详细的说明,而纺织知识可以作粗略的介绍,但如果你想投到<<应用数学>>期刊,那就应该对纺织的一些基础知识作详细的说明!".因此,投不同类型的期刊有不同的写作手法.这样可以提高论文的录用率. 第三.要想写出被SCI/EI检索的文章一定要多花功夫在标题和摘要上.这也许是大家都知道的.外国人更注重创新,只要你觉得自己的观点有创新点,就不要怕不会被外文收录.还有一句话我还记忆忧新:"做很少人做的研究领域,做难的研究领域".这样的文章很容易被录用. 第四.中国有句古话:"熟读唐诗三百首不会作诗也会吟."在写英语论文之前,做大量的阅读是必要的.但最好应该去读那些英语是母语国家学者写的论文.但是,必须注意的是.无论是硕士还是博士,永远应该把专业放在第一位,英语是放在第二位.英语只是一种工具.只是一种帮助你科研的工具. 第五.写英语论文时,不要使用外国人没有使用过的句型.即使这样的句子在语法上没有问题.但是外国人就是看不懂.也就相当于是一个病句.也许这种"病句"对你考CET有用,其实学英语口语也是这样的.在练英语口语时,希望朋友们记住:"讲外国人从来没说过的英语,即使语法没有问题,也是错的."我国著名语言学家说过:"想学好一门外语,首先要学好其文化!"

法学专业第二学士学位教学计划课程设置表

西南政法大学辅修法学专业培养方案一、培养目标培养能系统掌握法学知识，熟悉我国法律和中国共产党的相关政策的复合型人才。二、培养要求通过学习法学的基本理论和基本知识，受到法学思维和法律实务的基本训练，具有运用法学理论和方法分析问题和运用法律管理事务与问题的基本能力。修完必修课68学分，选修课20学分，完成毕业论文。

西南政法大学辅修国际经济与贸易专业培养方案一、培养目标培养能系统掌握马克思主义经济学原理和国际经济、国际贸易的基本理论，掌握国际贸易的基本知识与基本技能，了解当代国际经济贸易的发展现状，熟悉通行的国际贸易规则和惯例，以及中国对外贸易的政策法规，了解主要国家与地区的社会经济情况的复合型人才。二、培养要求通过学习马克思主义经济学和国际经济、国际贸易的基本理论和基础，受到经济学、管理学的基本训练，具有理论分析和实务操作的基本能力。修完必修课56学分，选修课20学分，完成毕业论文。三、课程设置及学分配备

西南政法大学辅修金融学专业培养方案一、培养目标培养具备金融学方面的理论知识和业务技能的复合型人才。二、培养要求通过学习货币银行学、国际金融、证券、投资、保险等方面的基本理论和基本知识，受到相关业务的基本训练，具备金融领域实际工作的基本能力。修完必修课58学分，选修课20学分，完成毕业论文。

西南政法大学辅修会计学专业培养方案一、培养目标培养具备管理、经济、法律和会计学等方面的知识和能力的复合型人才。二、培养要求通过学习会计、审计和工商管理方面的基本理论和基本知识，受到会计方法与技巧方面的基本训练，具有分析和解决问题的基本能力。修完必修课55学分，选修课20学分，完成毕业论文。

英语辅修及双学位专业人才培养方案

英语辅修及双学位专业人才培养方案（版）一、专业培养目标英语辅修及双学位教育是在学生学好本专业的基础上，培养具有扎实的英语语言文学基础知识，熟练的语言基本技能，较强的跨文化交际能力，能在外事、文化、教育、科研等部门从事英语翻译、研究等工作的高素质应用型专门人才。二、培养规格要求英语辅修及双学位专业学生主要学习英语方面的基本知识，接受相关学科理论与技能的系统教育和训练，掌握必备的文化基础知识和专业知识，具备从事相关职业的基本能力。具体要求如下：. 知识结构（）了解英语语言文学学科的基本简况，具有扎实的英语语言文学基础知识，掌握英语听、说、读、写、译的基本技能；（）了解英语国家相关文化；（）掌握外文文献检索、资料查询及运用现代技术获得相关信息的基本方法，并具备初步的科学研究能力，包括资料收集、实证调查、论文写作等。 . 能力结构（）具有较强的英语综合运用能力，语音、语调正确，词法、句法、章法（包括遣词造句与谋篇布局）规范，表达得体，听、说、读、写、译技能熟练；（）具备跨文化交际能力，对文化差异具有敏感性、宽容性以及处理文化差异的灵活性；（）具有一定的第二外语实际应用能力；（）具有一定的自主学习和创新能力，获取与运用知识的能力、独立分析与解决问题的能力、一定的科学研究能力和实践能力。三、主干学科外国语言文学四、专业核心课程基础英语、英语语音与训练、听力、口语、写作、跨文化交际、翻译理论与实践、口译五、主要实践教案环节毕业论文：在第学期进行，共周，学分。英语专业技能训练：在第、学期分散进行，共周，学分。六、学制和学位（一）学制：－年，英语辅修专业年，英语双学位年。（二）学位：授予文学学士学位。七、学分要求及学位授予英语辅修专业最低学分（或学时）：学分或学时。英语双学位（学士学位）最低毕业学分（或学时）：学分或学时；其中集中安排的实践教案环节学分（计学时）。表一：专业教案进程计划表

商务英语学院(双学位)毕业论文参考文献(Bibliography)格式的具体说明

参考文献(Bibliography)格式和要求的具体说明一、总体格式和要求 1.本科及双学位毕业论文的参考文献页应该单独起页。 2.参考文献的数量不得少于10项，必须要有外文书目6本以上。 3.参考文献一般应包括尾注的所有条目，另外还可以列入自己读过的、对论文写作影响较大但未引用的文献。 4.参考文献中如兼有多语种条目，则应分开排列，先外语后中文。外语条目按照文献条目首词字母排序，中文条目按照文献开头的拼音排序；如文献开头的字母或拼音相同，依序参照其后的字母或拼音排序。 5.参考文献同一个条目内部不可中英文夹杂，一般应与文献使用的语种一致，要么用英文，要么用中文书写。 6.英文文献字体是Times New Roman，使用英文标点符号；汉语文献字体是宋体，采用中文标点符号。 7.参考文献须悬挂缩进，即每一条目的第二行开始缩进5字符。 8.参考文献按1.5倍行距排列，不同条目之间空一行。 9.英文条目各部分的首字母需要大写，文献中的实词和超过5个字母的介词也需要首字母大写。二、作者部分的写法 1. 英文参考文献中作者部分的写法：作者姓氏, 首名中名. 如不是为了区别重名的不同作者，中名可省略。例如：Shatzkin, Leonard. In Cold Type: Overcoming the Book Crisis. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1982. 首名、中名可用首字母加实心点缩略表示： Shatzkin, L.. In Cold Type: Overcoming the Book Crisis. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1982. 如有多个作者，从第二个作者开始姓、名不颠倒，即：作者1姓氏, 首名中名, and 作者2首名中名姓氏：Shatzkin, L., Stephen Crane, and Michael Jackson. In Cold Type: Overcoming the Book Crisis. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1982. 2．中文参考文献中作者部分的写法：作者姓名，后接空格。如：廖七一“庞德与胡适诗歌翻译的文化思考”，《外国语》2003（6），第54－59页。多个作者：桂诗春、宁春岩《XXXXX》，北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1997。编著：桂诗春、宁春岩主编《语言学方法论》，北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1997。译著：尤今·奈达著，严久生译《语言文化与翻译》，呼和浩特：内蒙古大学出版社，1998。 3. 若著者为公司或机构时，直接将公司或机构作为作者：英文文献： Sichuan International Studies University. In Cold Type: Overcoming the Book Crisis. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1982. 中文文献：中国对外翻译出版公司《诗词翻译的艺术》，北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，1987。三、英文参考文献的格式 1.专著

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心得体会范文英语教学培训心得新课程培训中，英语教学专家以专题形式进行了生动的讲解和分析。它们是新课程理念的高中英语语法与词汇教学，高中英语课堂教学，高中英语学习策略教学，高中英语评价与高考改革。我认真聆听专家的精彩讲座，积极参与同行们的交流讨论。感到耳目一新，收获很大。专家们的讲座以及优秀课例，使我得以从理论的高度了解新课程改革的必要性和重要性，同时也得以从感性上了解新课程理念下的课堂教学，从而得以重新理性地反省与审视自己的教育教学观和教学策略。首先，参加此次培训收获最大的是教育教学观念得到了更新，对新课程理念有了更进一步的认识。新课程要求我们从以知识为本的教育理念转变为以学生发展为本的教育理念，重新认识高中英语课程的目标和定位。教师要树立新的学生观。从这个意义上说，我们教师首先转变角色，重新认识师生关系。过去，我们教师把自己作为中心，要学生围着自己转。教师是知识的传授者，而学生只是被动的接受者，甚至把学生当作记录教师讲授内容的录音机。而素质教育的精神则要求我们以人为本，以学生为主体，尊重学生的情感、个性，需要和发展的愿望。我们教师要放下架子，与学生平等相处，教学相长。利用师生互动课堂模式提倡开放性的学习方式，鼓励学生创造性地学习，营造平等、民主、宽松的学习气氛。以学生为主体包括三个主面的含义：第一，承认并且尊重学生的自主能力鼓励他们的创新精神;第二，要采用以学生为中心有利于发挥主体作用的教学思路和方法;第三，在每个教学环节上充分考虑学生的需求。同时，尊重学生中的个体差异，尽可能满足不同学生的学习需要。通过专家的讲解我对英语语法课的课堂设计有了进一步的认识。传统的语法教学是以教语法而教语法，教师讲得累，学生听得烦。新课程理念下的英语语法课不仅要教学生语法知识，更要培养他们运用语法知识的能力。注重学生语言能力的培养。教师应该淡化单独进行语法教学的思想，应该将语法教学融入到英语的四项基本能力的培养当中去，即融入到听说读写当中去。我认为英语语法课的课堂设计大体可以分成以下四个方面进行：导入，呈现，操练和评价。结合所学的知识，引入新内容。激活学生的背景知识。呈现新内容要在真实的语境中，可以是教师呈现，也可以是学生呈现，让学生亲身去体验。如在将来时的教学中，教师可以设计一个第二天去郊游的情景，让学生展开讨论可能要做的事情，然后表演对话。学生在运用中自然地学会了这个语法现象。真正的将语法运用到交际中去。从而达到学以致用的效果，这一点是非常重要的。其次，在词汇教学方面得到了新的启示。在传统词汇教学中我们较注重词形和词义，学让生死记单词的拼写和汉语意思。但学生并不会运用。在新课程理念下，首先注意词汇展示的策略。在具体的词汇教学中教师应该展示一定的语境，在特定的语境下去理解词汇。学习新词汇可以通过图片展示、给出上下语境等方式，教师应该在词汇的语用意义上多下功夫，而不仅仅是停留在学习词形这个层面上。而是进行语篇层面的呈现。在语境中让学生去构建语词的运用。这样才能获得语词运用的能力。教师还可采用lexical group的形式，形成词汇链，培养学生联想，组合的能力. 英语学习心得体会大学英语学习报告（1）这两年的大学英语学习生涯，让我感慨颇多！回想起，当初的上课时的情形，一切是那么的清晰，仿佛就像是发生在昨天一样。学习的内容部分样板：通过这两年在大学的英语学习，我对于目前的大学英语教学方面有以下的看法：虽然在教学内容较单一的情况下，但在英语教学方式方面相对来说，教学形式还是较丰富多彩的，具体地说：在大学英语课堂教学中，老师采用了有趣生动的教学内容呈现形式，如：游戏化地教学

关于英语教学的论文汇总四篇.doc

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