新东方四六级考前串讲

四六级考前串讲讲义

阅读部分

综述

作为一种基本的命题形式，阅读理解一直都在四级考试中占有重要的位置。一般地，我们应该有这样的思考：

第一，具备一定的词汇量和难句分析理解能力

1、单词量是体现阅读水平最重要的尺度之一。大量的单词，一方面能够帮助我们清晰把握文章准确的含义，另一方面又能给予相当的速度保证。但是，从这两年最新的考试情况来看，我们发现许多阅读理解中的许多涉及的许多词汇要求考生全面了解这个词的完整意义，尤其是单词生僻的含义。如果复习时缺乏这种认识，必然导致做题时捉襟见肘、处处被动。如，“further”除作形容词、副词外还可作动词表示“增进、促进”；“company”除“公司”之外还表示“伙伴”之意。

当然认词是掌握词汇最基本的要求，对于想取得高分的同学来说，光是知道一个词的词义是远远不够的，还必须知道这个词与其他词，尤其是其同义词和近义词的区别。

2、长难句一般是指结构复杂难以理解的句子，也有一些其实结构并不复杂，但因为句子很长也很容易让人困惑，大大增加我们理解的难度，成为我们获取高分的“拦路虎”。因此，复习时一定要重视长难句的分析和理解。

第二，具备正确的阅读方法

提高阅读理解能力固然有赖于考生平时的多阅读和多积累。但是，阅读理解能力的提高也是有一定方法可循的，为此我们提出通过逻辑关系来阅读。英文是非常讲究逻辑关系的语言。而逻辑关系并不抽象，它深深渗透到了文章的各个角落，而且这些逻辑关系同时也是文章语句得以联系和组合的最深层次的原因。逻辑关系散布在文章的句子内部、句句之间、以及段落之间。最基本的逻辑关系有以下几种：

1、因果关系：as a result ，therefore，hence，consequently，because, for, due to, hence, consequently等等。

2、并列、递进关系：and, or, then，in addition，besides，in other words，moreover等等

3、转折关系：however，but, yet, in fact等等。

这些我们其实已经很熟悉的逻辑提示词在文章中起的效果，并非仅仅是衔接文章的句子，从阅读的角度来看，其实同时在给我们某种提示，告诉我们哪些句子是有效信息，相对重要的信息，哪些信息是相对不重要的信息，因为我们在处理文章的时候，有一条清晰的思路，你不是为了完整翻译文章而进行阅读，而是为了获取主旨来阅读。

比如因果关系。原因和结果两句话同时出现的时候，我们更关心的是结果，而不是原因，原因的存在只是为了使得文章的论证更加有说服力，让读者更加相信这个结果存在的合理性和必然性，所以，从获取句子主旨这个阅读的终极目标来看，原因就变得相对不重要了，我们可以把表示原因的句子直接跳开，保留体现结果意义的句子来阅读和把握。

2005年6月四级阅读理解真题中就有这样的一些句子：

And consumers would wait up to a decade to gain any benefits, because drilling could begin only after much bargaining over leases, environmental permits and regulatory review.

我们发现了一个非常明显的逻辑提示词because,它之后牵引出的是具体原因的分析，所以，从获取文章main idea的角度来看，完全可以把其后的信息全部删除。

转折关系也是如此。转折词汇在句子衔接处出现，说明作者陈述的内容的逻辑主旨发生了变化，因此，转折逻辑词之前的信息就变得不重要了，简单的处理方法是可以仅阅读转折词之后的信息。

例如，He has argued that tapping ANWR’s oil would help ease California’s electricity crisis and provide a major boost to the country’s energy independence. But no one knows for sure how much crude oil lies buried beneath the frozen earth, with the last government survey, conducted in 1998, projecting output anywhere from 3 billion to 16 billion barrels.

再例：

It did not test the claims, but compared them to labeling guidelines set by the International Standards Organization (ISO) in September, 1999.

相应地，并列递进关系，意味着并列、和递进类的逻辑提示词前后衔接的信息属于并列和递进的关系，从主旨的体现上前后没有发生变化，而更多的体现为前后句子主旨的相似性，所以我们选择其中的一半进行阅读，保证了阅读质量的基础上，极大地提高了阅读速度。

第三，培养良好的阅读习惯

良好的阅读习惯，对于要以较快的速度从大量材料中捕捉主旨信息的阅读能力的提高起到很大的影响，为此，从教学实践中出现的一些代表性的问题，我们提出一些建议。

1、成组视读。成组视读阅读的是一个个的意群，这样，一方面阅读的速度可高于逐字阅读的好几倍，另一方面很容易把每个意群中的关键词串起来理解。因此，建议考生在开始平时应有意识地进行训练。

2、单次通读。所谓单次通读就是要尽量减少阅读文章反复的次数，尽量做到在第一次通读的过程中就能够获取文章的主旨。相当多的学生对阅读已经产生心理定势，即认为自已第一遍肯定读不懂，因此反复多遍，习惯于在不加限定的时间内，对一小块文章精雕细琢，浪费了很多时间。

3、直接译读。在阅读过程中，应该将所读的句子直接进行理解，而不应该不断地进行逐词逐句的翻译，通过译成母语来辅助理解。这样，就把阅读理解转化成了英译汉的工作，影响了阅读速度，同时限制了对文章关键信息的串联。

总的来说，从最新的考试题来看，阅读理解部分难度与往年基本持平。对于将在下一次试行的新四级考试，考生们也不用过分担心，因为测试的重点依然体现在考生对文章阅读本身的掌握是否得当。因此，平时的练习还是要立足现有的真题，培养正确的阅读方法和阅读习惯。许多考生把注意力过分地集中在题目上，固然我们相信阅读理解确实是需要解题技巧，但是相对而言，如果想从阅读能力上真正有所提升，还是要首先学会真正有效地进行阅读，这样往往会起到事半功倍的效果。

具体来说，我们在考试前的阅读复习可以加强如下几个部分。

第一部分长难句的理解

长难句的明显特点就是句子比较长，一个句子往往有三、四行，甚至一个句子就是一段。许多应试者在阅读时经常会陷入一个很长的句子中，不知道它到底讲了些什么。长难句之所以长，主要有下面几个原因：

1. 从句较长：一个主句带多个从句，从句中又有从句。

应对方法：首先找到主句的主体部分（即主语、谓语和宾语），再确定从句的主体部分，如果从句中还有从句，在确定下面一层从句的主、谓、宾。注意阅读时一层一层进行，先把同一层次的内容看完，再看下一层次的内容。

2. 插入成分较长：插入语的出现有明显标志：用双破折号与主句隔开或者用双逗号与主句隔开。

应对方法：读句子时，先不要理会插入语，先把主句的意思看完。然后再看插入部分。

例如：Today, stepladders carry labels several inches long that warn, among other things, that you might — surprise! — fall off.

这个句子的阅读顺序应该是：第一层stepladders carry labels several inches long that，第二层是that warn that you might fall off，最后再看两个插入的部分among other things和surprise!

3. 分词状语、独立主格结构的干扰：分词状语就是指用doing或done引导的伴随状语、原因状语等；独立主格结构有时由with引导，看似主谓结构，但实际上并没有真正的谓语部分。

应对方法：主句最重要的特征就是有完整的主谓结构，尤其是独立的谓语部分。如果没有独立的谓语部分，那它就不是句子，而是分词短语或者独立主格结构。

在实际的阅读过程中，我们常常会碰到包含上面三种情况的超复杂句子，即：一个句子中既有从句又有插入成分，还有分词状语或者独立主格结构。阅读这种句子的正确方法是：抓住独立的谓语部分从而区别出主句和分词状语，再根据从句的连接词（有时无连接词）区分主句和从句，层层理解，插入语插在哪个层次中就放在哪个层次中理解。

以下附上一些热点的难句链接，供大家练习参考：

1The producers of packaged products argue strongly against changing sizes of packages to contain even weights and volumes, but no one in the trade comments unfavorably on the huge costs incurred by endless changes of package sizes, materials, shape, art work, and net weights that are used for improving a product's market position.

2 A study of drugstore（杂货店）and supermarket shelves will convince any observer that all

possible size and shapes of boxes, jars, bottles, and tins are in use at the same time and, as the package journals show, week by week, there is never any hesitation in introducing a new size and shape of box or bottle when it aids in product differentiation.

3Dying patients especially ---who are easiest to mislead and most often kept in the dark---can then not make decisions about the end of life: about whether or not they should enter a hospital, or have surgery; about where and with whom they should sped their remaining time;

about how they should bring their affairs to a close and leave.

4I think that after I spent my time under water, the most important thing that I came back with was the realization that it is now possible for men to live permanently where once they could not even venture for a second, and this is of tremendous importance because if you realize what it means that advancing technology now has peeled off a layer of ocean water 200meters thick and it opens up vast new lands and resources and knowledge which is only 200meters away and which has been there waiting for us for centuries.

5The manufacturer who increases the unit price of his product by changing his package size to lower the quantity delivered can, without undue hardship, put his product into boxes, bags, and tins that will contain even 4-ounce, 8-ounce, one-pound, two-pound quantities of breakfast foods, cake mixes, etc.

第二部分内在逻辑关系理解

一篇文章各段落之间及各句子之间都存在着一定的逻辑关系，正确理解这种逻辑关系有助于考生做出快速而准确的选择，提高做题的正确率。这种类型的考题主要是考查考生对文章逻辑结构的理解，要求考生综合运用各方面的知识——如：语法、词汇、语感、逻辑结构

等——进行分析判断。只理解个别句子的含义是远远不够的，还必须把上、下文的意思联系起来，弄清前后句之间、各段落之间的逻辑关系，从语篇的角度上对文章进行整体性的理解、分析、判断。

常见的连接词和过渡词能表征上下文内在逻辑关系：

1 前后意思一致：in other words, that is to say, namely, this means…, likewise

2 并列平行：and, or, also, too, besides, another

3 递进：in addition to, adding to, moreover, furthermore

4 强对比：unlike, differ from, on the other hand, on the contrary, conversely

5 强转折：but, yet, however, in fact, practically, virtually, indeed

6 让步：（al）though, despite, in spite of, while

7 因果：because, why, reason, and, due to, owing to, thus, by, since, consequence

8 重要性：the most, chiefly, prime, have much to do with, I submit,

9 指代关系：it, this, that, those, these, one, so

常见的标点符号能表征上下文内在逻辑关系：

1 句号：分割句子

2 逗号：补充说明成分（非限定性定语从句，同位语从句，独立主格结构）

3 冒号：从抽象到具体的关系

4 分号：并列平行关系（结构，语义）

5 破折号：解释说明

6 引号：引用；反语；强调

7 括号：补充说明成分（解释超纲单词）

四六级考试文章基本逻辑框架结构：

金字塔式的逻辑结构

中文写作习惯：写故事（writing stories）

英语写作习惯：从后面/结论写起（writing back words）

文章结构：中心议题——塔尖 A

若干个分论点——塔身 A A A

各分论点的具体论证——塔尖AAA AAA AAA 出题规则：设置文章理解障碍——在文章当中插入复杂句式和难词

设计干扰选项

李四说：李四送郊区别墅所以禽兽不如

第三部分常考题型解题方法概述

* 细节事实题：

1 标志：fact, truth, 中心词，因果关系的小词

2 根据题干中的中心词返回原文定位

3 经常考察的是对原文中一些细节性，具体信息的理解，因此一定要精确理解原文

4 正确选项应与原文同义表达

5 诱惑手段：单词替换，因果颠倒，扩大范围，无中生有，以偏概全，张冠李戴

* 推理题

1 标志：infer, imply, suggest

2 应该每个选项都返回原文，找出出处

明显：同义替换（逆否命题，正话反说，深层次）

含蓄：主旨，段首句，全文末句（新），引用，强对比

3 与原文意思最接近，推理步骤最少的为正确答案

4 傻子原则：除了文章，把自己当成一个一无所知的傻子。（不利用自己的背景知识来做题）

* 主旨题

1 标志：mainly about; best title; purpose (文章的主题+作者写作手法或者态度)

2 确定文章主题

文章找主题句的方法

分类：单段式，多段式/ 顺承式，转折式

方法：单段顺承：全文首句

单段转折：第二、三句

多段顺承：首段前三句

多段转折：首段末句，第二段首句，末段首句

四六级考试的特点：全文首句：有重要性概念（下定义，作结论）

首段末句：强转折，设问句（问题不是主题，答案才是）

段首句：vary, 判断句，suggest/show that

层层推进：重复出现的词，引号，黑体字

3 叠加法：把每一段主题叠加在一起就是整篇文章的主题

4 三大原则：文章的中心词或其同义词必须出现

文章的任何细节不能出现

文章中未提及的信息不能出现

5小心首末段陷阱

第四部分阅读理解文章分类

*按题材来分：

1 社会科学：教育学，经济学，信息科学，电脑网络

2 自然科学：环境保护（每年考一篇），新能源的利用

3 人文科学：社会关系，风土人情，社会生活

*按体裁来分：

1 以议论文和说明文为主，排斥叙述文

2 三种文章基本框架结构

叙述文：引子---先前---随后---总结

说明文：引子---浅层次---深层次---总结

议论文：主张---反主张

* 总结：

1 排斥叙述文，提示信息多，不便于命题

2 不选取专业性强的文章

3 与时事相关，但没有时效性

4 推荐杂志：读者文摘https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5d8362069.html,; 听众https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5d8362069.html,

第五部分真题分析

Passage 1

Is there enough oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (保护区) (ANWR) to help secure America’s energy future ? President Bush certainly thinks so . He has argued that tapping ANWR’s oil would help ease California’s electricity crisis and provide a major boost to the country’s energy independence . But no one knows for sure how much crude oil lies buried beneath the frozen earth . with the last government survey , conducted in 1998, projecting output anywhere from 3 billion to 16 billion barrels .

The oil industry goes with the high end of the range , which could equal as much as 10% of U.S. consumption for as long as six years . By pumping more than 1 million barrels a day from the reserve for the next two three decades, lobbyists claim, the nation could cut back on imports equivalent to all shipments to the U.S. from Saudi Arabia. Sounds good. An oil boom would also mean a multibillion-dollar windfall（意外之财）in tax revenues, royalties(开采权使用费)and leasing fees for Alaska and the Federal Government. Best of all , advocates of drilling say , damage to the environment would be insignificant . ― We’ ve never had a document case of oil rig chasing deer out onto the pack ice .‖ says Alaska State Representative Scott Og an .

Not so fast , say environmentalists . Sticking to the low end of government estimates , the National Resources Defense Council says there may be no more than 3.2 billion barrels of economically recoverable oil in the coastal plain of ANWR, a drop in the bucket that would do virtually nothing to ease America’s energy problems . And consumers would wait up to a decade to gain any benefits , because drilling could begin only after much bargaining over leases , environmental permits and regulatory rev iew . As for ANWR’s impact on the California power crisis , environmentalists point out that oil is responsible for only 1% of the Golden State’s electricity output –and just 3% of the nation’s .

21. What does President Bush think of tapping oil in ANWR ?

A) It will exhaust the nation’s oil reserves .

B) It will help secure the future of ANWR.

C) It will help reduce the nation’s oil imports

D) It will increase America’s energy consumption

22. We learn from the second paragraph that the American oil industry _______

A) believes that drilling for oil in ANWR will produce high yields

B) tends to exaggerate America’s reliance on foreign oil

C) shows little interest in tapping oil in ANWR

D) expects to stop oil imports from Saudi Arabia

23. Those against oil drilling in ANWR argue that _________

A) it can cause serious damage to the environment

B) it can do little to solve U.S. energy problems

C) it will drain the oil reserves in the Alaskan region

D) it will not have much commercial value

24. What do the environmentalists mean by saying ― Not so fast ―(Line 1, Para .3)?

A) Oil exploitation takes a long time

B) The oil drilling should be delayed

C) Don’t be too optimistic

D) Don’t expect fast returns

25. It can be learned from the passage that oil exploitation beneath ANWR’s frozen earth ________

A) remains a controversial issue

B) is expected to get under way soon

C) involves a lot of technological problems

D) will enable the U.S. to be oil independent

Passage 2

Every year television stations receive hundreds of complaints about the loudness of advertisements. However, federal rules forbid the practice of making ads louder than the programming. In addition, television stations always operate at the highest sound level allowed for reasons of efficiency. According to one NBC executive, no difference exists in the peak sound level of ads and programming. Given this information why do commercials sound so loud?

The sensation of sound involves a variety of factors in addition to its speak level. Advertisers are skilful at creating the impression of loudness through their expert use of such factors. One major contributor to the perceived loudness of commercials is that mush less variation in sound level occurs during a commercial. In regular programming the intensity of sound varies over a large range. However, sound levels in commercials tend to stay at or near peak levels.

Other ―tricks of the trade‖ are also used. Because low-frequency sounds can mask higher frequency sounds, advertisers filter out any noises that may drown out the primary message. In addition, the human voice has more auditory(听觉的) impact in the middle frequency ranges.

Advertisers electronically vary voice sounds so that they stay within such a frequency band. Another approach is to write the script so that lots of consonants (辅音) are used, because people are more aware of consonants than vowel (元音) sounds. Finally, advertisers try to begin commercials with sounds that are highly different from those of the programming within which the commercial is buried. Because people become adapted to the type of sounds coming from programming, a dramatic change in sound quality draws viewer a attention. For example, notice how many commercials begin with a cheerful song of some type.

The attention-getting property of commercials can be seen by observing one-to-two-year-old children who happen to be playing around a television set. They may totally ignore the programming. However, when a commercial comes on, their attention is immediately drawn to it because of its dramatic sound quality.

1. According to the passage, the maximum intensity of sound coming from commercials _______.

A) does not exceed that of programs.

B) is greater than that of programs.

C) varies over a large range than that of programs.

D) is less than that of programs.

2. Commercials create the sensation of loudness because _______.

A) TV stations always operate at the highest sound levels.

B) their sound levels are kept around peak levels.

C) their sound levels are kept in the middle frequency ranges.

D) unlike regular programs their intensity of sound varies over a wide range.

3. Many commercials begin with a cheerful song of some kind because ________.

A) pop songs attract viewer attention.

B) it can increase their loudness.

C) advertisers want to make them sound different from regular programs.

D) advertisers want to merge music with commercials.

4. One of the reasons why commercials are able to attract viewer attention is that ________.

A) the human voices in commercials have more auditory impact.

B) people like cheerful songs that change dramatically in sound quality.

C) high-frequency sounds are used to mask sounds that drown out the primary message.

D) they possess sound qualities that make the viewer feel that something unusual is happening.

5. In the passage, the author is trying to tell us ________.

A) how TV ads vary vocal sounds to attract attention.

B) how the loudness of TV ads is overcome.

C) how advertisers control the sound properties of TV ads.

D) how the attention-getting properties of sounds are made use of in TV ads.

Passage 3

I'm usually fairly skeptical about any research that concludes that people are either happier or unhappier or more or less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago. While any of these statements might be true, they are practically impossible to prove scientifically. Still, I was struck by a report which concluded that today's children are significantly more anxious than children in

the 1950s. In fact, the analysis showed, normal children ages 9 to 17 exhibit a higher level of anxiety today than children who were treated for mental illness 50 years ago.

Why are America's kids so stressed? The report cites two main causes: increasing physical isolation -- brought on by high divorce rates and less involvement in community, among other things -- and a growing perception that the world is a more dangerous place.

Given that we can't turn the clock back, adults can still do plenty to help the next generation cope.

At the top of the list is nurturing ( 培育) a better appreciation of the limits of individualism. No child is an island. Strengthening social ties helps build communities and protect individuals against stress.

To help kids build stronger connections with others, you can pull the plug on TVs and computers. Your family will thank you later. They will have more time for face-to-face relationships, and they will get more sleep.

Limit the amount of virtual (虚拟的) violence your children are exposed to. It's not just video games and movies; children see a lot of murder and crime on the local news.

Keep your expectations for your children reasonable. Many highly successful people never attended Harvard or Yale.

Make exercise part of your daily routine. It will help you cope with your own anxieties and provide a good model for your kids. Sometimes anxiety is unavoidable. But it doesn't have to ruin your life.

36. The author thinks that the conclusions of any research about people's state of mind

are______.

A) surprising B) confusing C) illogical D) questionable

37. What does the author mean when he says, "we can't turn the clock back" (Line 1, Para. 3)?

A) It's impossible to slow down the pace of change.

B) The social reality children are facing cannot be changed.

C) Lessons learned from the past should not be forgotten.

D) It's impossible to forget the past.

38. According to an analysis, compared with normal children today, children treated as

mentally ill 50 years ago____.

A) were less isolated physically

B) were probably less self-centered

C) probably suffered less from anxiety

D) were considered less individualistic

39. The first and most important thing parents should do to help their children is ____.

A) to provide them with a safer environment

B) to lower their expectations for them

C) to get them more involved socially

D) to set a good model for them to follow

40. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?

A) Anxiety, though unavoidable, can be coped with.

B) Children's anxiety has been enormously exaggerated.

C) Children's anxiety can be eliminated with more parental care.

D) Anxiety, if properly controlled, may help children become mature.

Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.

For questions 1-7, mark

Y(for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;

N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;

NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.

For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Highways

Early in the 20th century, most of the streets and roads in the U.S. were made of dirt, brick, and cedar wood blocks. Built for horse, carriage, and foot traffic, they were usually poorly cared for and too narrow to accommodate (容纳) automobiles.

With the increase in auto production, private turnpike(收费公路) companies under local authorities began to spring up, and by 1921 there were 387, 000 miles of paved roads. Many were built using specifications of 19th century Scottish engineers Thomas Telford and John MacAdam (for whom the macadam surface is named), whose specifications stressed the importance of adequate drainage. Beyond that, there were no national standards for size, weight restrictions, or commercial signs. During World War I, roads throughout the country were nearly destroyed by the weight of trucks. When General Eisenhower returned from Germany in 1919, after serving in the U.S.Army’s first transcontinental motor convoy (车队), he noted: ―The old convoy had started me thinking about good, two-lane highways, but Germany’s Autobahn or motorway had made me see the wisdom of broader ribbons across the land.‖

It would take another war before the federal government would act on a national highway system. During World war Ⅱ, a tremendous increase in trucks and new roads were required. The war demonstrated how critical highways were to the defense effort. Thirteen per cent of defense plants received all their supplies by truck, and almost all other plants shipped more than half of their products by vehicle. The war also revealed that local control of highways had led to a confusing variety of design standards. Even federal and state highways did not follow basic standards. Some states allowed trucks up to 36,000 pounds, while others restricted anything over 7,000 pounds. A government study recommended a national highway system of 33,920 miles, and Congress soon passed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944, which called for strict, centrally controlled design criteria.

The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has been hailed as one of the greatest public works projects of the century. To build its 44,000-mile web of highways, bridges and tunnels, hundreds of unique engineering designs and solutions had to be worked out. Consider the many geographic features of the country: mountains, steep grades, wetlands, rivers, deserts, and plains. V ariables included the slope of the land, the ability of the pavement to support the load, the intensity of road use, and the nature of the underlying soil. Urban areas were another problem. Innovative designs of roadways, tunnels, bridges, overpasses, and interchanges that could run through or bypass urban areas soon began to weave their way across the country, forever altering

the face of America.

Long-span, segmented-concrete. cable-stayed bridges such as Hale Boggs in Louisiana and the Sunshine Skyway in Florida, and remarkable tunnels like Fort McHenry in Maryland and Mt. Baker in Washington, met many of the nation’s physical challenges. Traffic control systems and methods of construction developed under the interstate program soon influenced highway construction around the world, and were invaluable in improving the condition of urban streets and traffic patterns.

Today, the interstate system links every major city in the U.S., and the U.S. with Canada and Mexico. Built with safety in mind, the highways have wide lanes and shoulders, dividing medians or barriers, long entry and exit lanes, curves engineered for safe turns, and limited access. The death rate on highways is half that of all other U.S. roads (0.86 deaths per 100 million passenger miles compared to 1.99 deaths per 100 million on all other roads.)

By opening the North American continent, highways have enabled consumer goods and services to reach people in remote and rural areas of the country, spurred the growth of suburbs, and provided people with greater options in terms of jobs, access to cultural programs, health care, and other benefits. Above all, the interstate system provides individuals with what they cherish most: personal freedom of mobility.

The interstate system has been an essential element of the nation’s economic growth in terms of shipping and job creation: more than 75 percent of the nation’s freight deliveries arrive by truck; and most products that arrive by rail or air use interstates for the last leg of the journey by vehicle. Not only has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping routes, it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations, motels, restaurants, and shopping centers. It has allowed the relocation of manufacturing plants and other industries from urban areas to rural.

By the end of the century there was an immense network of paved roads, residential streets, expressways, and freeways built to support millions of vehicles. The highway system was officially renamed for Eisenhower to honor his vision and leadership. The year construction began he said: ―Together, the united forces of our communication and transportation systems are dynamic elements in the very name we bear-United States. Without them, we would be a mere alliance of many separate parts.‖

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1.National standards for paved roads were in place by 1921.

2.General Eisenhower felt that the broad German motorways made more sense than the two-lane highways of America.

3.It was in the 1950s that the American government finally took action to build a national high way system..

4.Many of the problems presented by the country’s geographical features found solutions in innovative engineering projects.

5.In spite of safety considerations, the death rate on interstate highways is still higher than that of other American roads.

6.The interstate highway system provides access between major military installations in America.

7.Service stations, motels and restaurants promoted the development of the interstate highway system.

8. The greatest benefit brought about by the interstate system was .

9. Trucks using the interstate highways deliver more than .

10. The interstate system was renamed after Eisenhower in recognition of

.

Directions:In this section ,there is a passage with ten blanks .You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage .Read the passage through carefully before making your choices .Each choice in bank is identified by a letter .Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the center .You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

E1 Nino is the name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world. This strange 47 happens every five to eight years. It starts in the Pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds (信风), which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. As the trade winds lessen in 48 , the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5℃.

The warming of the ocean has far-reaching effects. The hot, humid (潮湿的) air over the ocean causes severe 49 thunderstorms. The rainfall is increased across South America, 50 floods to Peru. In the West Pacific, there are droughts affecting Australia and Indonesia. So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and 51 .

E1 Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1982-83 E1 Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage. The 1990 E1 Nino lasted until June 1995. Scientists 54 this to be the longest E1 Nino for 2,000 years.

Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an E1 Nino will 55 , but they are still not 56 sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

听力部分---四级

根据《全国大学英语四、六级考试改革方案（试行）》，2006年6月起的四级考试将全面进行改革。就其听力部分而言，主要变化体现在对话部分由原来的10题短对话改为8题短对话加7题长对话的形式；其次，听写部分也做了微调，由原来的7个单词加3个句子的考试形式变为8个单词加3个句子的形式；最后，题量方面篇章类的题目由原来的段子题和听写二选一考察的形式改为两者皆考的形式。以上三点变化使听力总题量从原来的20题增加到36题（8题短对话、7题长对话、10题段子题以及11题听写题），分值从原来的20%上升到35%，时间从原来的20分钟加长至35分钟。

本文根据全国大学英语四、六级考试改革项目组和考试委员会设计的《四级考试新题型试测卷》（以下称《样卷》），就以上四个方面分别谈一下其技巧与学习方法，尤其着重突出改革后新增的长对话部分的题型特点与应对策略。

短对话一直以来都是四级考试中最有规律也最易提高的一个部分，这主要是因为对话本身必须兼顾文化背景常识与语言考察点两个部分，所以考试时既不会出两人见面问候“吃了没”这样不符合文化背景的题目，也鲜见直接对yes, no这样简单单词提问的没有任何考察难度的题目。正是出于这两点考虑，加之为了保证考试成绩的公正性与平衡性，四级考试的短对话部分产生了一些固有的套路和思维模式。

《样卷》中所举8题短对话完全取自于以往四级考试真题，由此可见，以往四级短对话的技巧与学习方法依然适用于新四级的考试。根据近年出题思路与喜好偏向，我们不难发现，就考点而言，近年的短对话出题主要集中在以下五个方面：

原因考察，如05年6月第6题：

W: Bob said that Seattle is a great place for conferences.

M: He is certainly in the position to make that comment. He has been there so often.

Q: What does the man say about?

本题考察的划线部分实际为前一句的原因阐述，因此成为考察重点。

建议句型，如05年12月第1题：

W: Carol told us on the phone not to worry about her. Her left leg doesn’t hurt as much as it did yesterday.

M: She’d better have it examined by a doctor anyway. And I’ll call her about it this evening.

Q: What does the man think Carol should do?

本题中男人用had better一词表达了建议的内容，从而使之成为考察重点。

反问句式，如05年6月第5题：

W: I just read in the newspaper that Lord of the Rings is this year’s greatest hit. Why don’t we go and see it at the Grand Cinema?

M: Don’t you think that cinema is a little out of the way?

Q: What does the man mean?

本题中连续两个反问句式，前者表达了女人的建议，后者则表达了男人的言外之意，所以反问句式是个多功能的表达方式。

转折变化，如05年12月第3题：

M: Hi, Melissa, how’s your project going? Have you thought about going to graduate school?

Perhaps you can get into Harvard.

W: Everything is coming along really well. I’ve been thinking about graduate school. But I’ll talk to my tutor Dr. Garcia first and see what she thinks.

Q: What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?

本题中句子相对比较长，但重点却非常突出地表现在转折之后。

场景考察，如05年6月第9题：

W: Wow, I do like this campus. All the big trees, the green lawns, and the old buildings with tall columns. It’s really beautiful.

M: It sure is. The architecture of these buildings is in the Greek style. It was popular in the 18th century here.

Q: What are the speakers talking about?

场景一直以来就是四级考试的重点所在，只是目前的考题中场景内容描述用词难度加大而已。

其他考点虽然考察较少，但依然值得注意，毕竟这些是历年来出题的主要思路与考察内容，其中主要包括：态度考察、细节把握、数字时间、场景地点、人物关系、言外之意、比较表达、近音词汇、词组词汇等。

就考试技巧而言，应该从考点着手，把握听力关键小词（转折、因果、时间、暗示等）、加强对关键句型敏感度（反问、建议等）、忽略次要信息与混淆内容（反意疑问、量词、特殊疑问等）、积累场景相关词汇（家庭、学习、生活、工作、娱乐、用餐、天气、购物、医疗、交通等）。

就新题型的变化而言，需要特别注意生活中常用的偏难词汇的把握，因为近年此类难题开始多次出现在听力考试中，类似05年12月考察到的recruit、resume等；其次，句子的加长也是目前考试短对话的必然发展趋势，因此培养对长句的记忆以及关键信息的捕捉，乃至一些必要的记录方法的养成将成为至圣关键；最后，特别值得一提的是，为了加大短对话难度，有一些词汇已经开始向具体化方向发展，即以一具体代表事物来代替抽象的表达，如：05年6月第5题中出现的the Lord of the Rings，引入《指环王》一词来代替我们所熟悉的电影，后文中也用了hit一词来避免movie和film的出现，以此混淆考生视听，以至无法理解对话内容，甚至连对话方向都无法获悉。试想以Myth（《神话》）、Harry Potter（《哈利·波特》）、Star Wars（《星球大战》）或者King Kong（《金刚》）来代替考题中的《指环王》应该都无可厚非，但对我们听力难度的改变却是不言而喻的。

段子题也一如既往地秉承了以往考试的规律，打造了以议论文、说明文和记叙文三大体裁为基础的听力素材。

就考点本身而言，议论文的考点集中在论点、分论点、典型论据以及结论和作者态度方面等；而说明文主要关注说明对象、说明对象各方面的特点等；记叙文则以短小故事类为主，考察事情的起因、经过和结果。

综合以上特点我们会发现，就考试技巧而言，文章开篇可以说几乎是个必考的内容，无论是中心论点、说明对象还是事情起因都集中在文章首三句中，因此也使文章开篇异常重要；文末的考察点也相对密集，诸如议论文的结论和作者态度以及记叙文的结果等；至于文中部分一般考察的分论点与说明对象各方面特点都有比较明显的抽象性，而典型论据则具备典型词汇的辅助，如first, main, only, vital, crucial, chief, major, above all, 最高级表达等，而经过部分核心句的表达方式也与经过部分大部分一波三折内容大相径庭。这些特点都是在做听力时能辅助我们寻找考点的明显特点。

就考试发展形势而言，近年来考题形式以说明文为主导，综合了各类文章考试特点而形成的综合式段子成为了我们的考试主流。考察点依然集中在文章开篇3句、结尾3句以及文章中间典型论据、原因转折、反复重复之处。

以《样卷》所给三篇文章为例，第一篇与第三篇的第一题均出自文章首三句中，而三篇文章的最后一题无一例外地都考在了末三句的范围之内。作为说明文，第一篇文章从现在已着手开发的电动汽车、未来交通状况以及星际旅行三个方面描述了未来人们行动方式与今天的不同，因此其第二题考察了未来交通状况这个部分的特点，为三个说明对象特点之一；第二篇的第二题则考察了一个原因考点，即澳大利亚人要将结婚戒指戴在未来妻子中指的原因；第三篇文章涉及剑桥大学各方面特点的说明描述，其第二、三题分别考察了该学校若干特点中的两个——其学院所享有的权力以及其图书馆的特征。由于这些例文均取自往年考试真题，所以有普遍说服力和代表性。类似特点还可参考笔者所写的《2005年12月四级听力考试Passage部分解析》一文，由于与历年考题特征一致，所以此处不再赘述。

长对话作为新出现的考题形式，其实只是完全结合了短对话的考察点与段子题的出题分布而形成的“所谓”新题。

就其出题分布而言完全类似段子题的排布，一般会有一题整体把握，考察对话主题、对话人物关系或对话地点场景等。之后部分若对话为多话题内容，则选择其中几个话题进行考察，这类似于段子题中的说明文特点；若对话内容为单一事件的描述，则关注事件的起因、经过、结果等方面，这又完全雷同于记叙文的考察特点；如果是调研性内容，则考察点往往可能集中到被调研人的观点、意见、建议等方面，这又完全是我们议论文的考察模式；所以可以说就考点位置而言，会完全类似于我们的段子题，甚至可以比段子题更简单些，因为对话本身的特征决定了这些内容又往往在文中问答交替处，尤其是问题的回答部分，因为考生可就这个部分引起注意。

当然，就考点本身特点而言，则完全可以模仿短对话中的反问、建议、原因等内容特色来出题，所谓“换汤不换药”，只是对话多几个回合罢了。

以《样卷》所给的两篇长对话为例：

Conversation One

W: Hello, Gary. How’re you?

M: Fine! And yourself?

W: Can’t complain. Did you have time to look at my proposal?

M: No, not really. Can we go over it now?

W: Sure. I’ve been trying to come up with some new production and advertising strategies. First of all, if we want to stay competitive, we need to modernize our factory. New equipment should’ve been installed long ago. //（1）

M: How much will that cost?

W: We have several options ranging from one hundred thousand dollars all the way up to half a million.

M: OK. We’ll have to discuss these costs with finance. //（2）

W: We should also consider human resources. I’ve been talking to personnel as well as our staff at the factory.

M: And what’s the picture?

W: We’ll probably have to hire a couple of engineers to help us modernize the factory. //（3）M: What about advertising?

W: Marketing has some interesting ideas for television commercials.

M: TV? Isn’t that a bit too expensive for us? What’s wrong with advertising in the papers, as usual?

W: Quite frankly, it’s just not enough anymore. We need to be more aggressive in order to keep ahead of our competitors. //（4）

M: Will we be able to afford all this?

W: I’ll look into it , but I think higher costs will be justified. These investments will result in higher profits for our company.

M: We’ll have to look at the figures more closely. Have finance draw up a budget for these investments.

W: All right. I’ll see to it. //（5）

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19.What are the two speakers talking about?

20.What does the woman say about the equipment of their factory?

21.What does the woman suggest about human resources?

22. Why does the woman suggest advertising on TV?

本文已用“//”划成5段，分别对应1个话题的5个不同方面：设备、价格、人力资源、广告以及投资，其中第一段中还包括了对话主题。四题中第一题就是明显的对话整体把握题，考察对话主题，出现在文章第一段中问答处；第二题也在第一段中，考察了5个方面中的第一个方面，正因为是first，自然也最重要，因此也借用了段子题中典型论据的特点；第三题考察了第3段人力资源的问答处，主要考察了短对话中言外之意和建议句型的特点，该问题：What’s the picture?表示“计划情况如何”的意思；第四题也是对第4段广告部分中建议句型的考察。

Conversation Two

W: Sir, you’ve been using the online catalogue for quite a while , Is there anything I can do to help you?

M: Well, I’ve got to write a paper about Hollywood in the 30s and 40s, and I’m really struggling. There are hundreds of books, and I just don’t know where to begin.

W: Your topic sounds pretty big. Why don’t you narrow it down to something like…uh…the history of the studios during that time?

M: You know, I was thinking about doing that, but more that 30 books came up when I typed in ―movie studios.‖

W: You could cut that down even further by listing the specific years you want. Try adding ―1930s‖ or ―1940s‖ or maybe ―Golden Age.‖

M: ―Golden Age‖ is a good idea. Let me type that in … Hey, look, just 6 books this time. That’s a lot better.

W: Oh…another thing you might consider…have you tried looking for any magazine or newspaper articles?

M: No, I’ve only been searching for books.

W: Well, you can look up magazine articles in the Reader’s Guide to Periodical Literature. And we do have the Los Angeles. Times available over there. You might go through their indexes to see if there’s anything you want.

M: Okay, I think I’ll get started with these books and then I’ll go over the magazines.

W: If you need any help, I’ll be over at the Reference Desk.

M: Great, thanks a lot.

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

23. What is the man doing?

24. What does the librarian think of the topic the man is working on ?

25. Where can the man find the relevant magazine articles?

本文第一题同样是对对话主题的考察；而第二题则是对女人态度以及反问句式的考察，并且该反问句式还是建议句型的表达模式；最后第三题则是对建议句型的考察，考察女人建议男人怎么做。

因此，长对话完全是一种色厉内荏的题目形式，难度明显低于段子题，以短对话和段子题揉杂的形式加之长对话的名字考察考生的综合运用能力，相信充分掌握短对话和段子题的特征后，长对话的挑战可以迎刃而解。

最后的听写部分保留了以往考试的大部分特色，仅加了一个单词作为改变，从本质上说没有任何区别——单词以实词为主，句子长度则控制在10~25个单词之间。在平时加强听写练习是提高听写能力的唯一方法。所谓听写练习主要目的是一方面加强考生听到单词后的反应与速记能力，另一个方面则是加强对长句的记忆能力。因此对于这个部分基础比较薄弱的同学而言，可以先尝试以整句（一般20词左右）为单位听句子后解释其中文大意；熟练后可进行第二步，即以整句为单位听句子后用英语复述其内容；最后一步落实到听写，这样循序渐进的方法可以从根本上改善考生的听写水平。

在考试中，听写部分则需要特别注意名词单复数形式；动词时态语态；弱读、失爆等语音、语调、语速所引起的干扰特征；同、近音词汇；难词、易错词拼写以及转换了词性的单词的考察等几个常见的听写中容易出现问题的地方，在平时勤加练习，必能精诚所致，金石为开。

综合以上种种，本文以《四级考试新题型试测卷》为蓝本，对改革后新四级听力部分的考点、技巧以及发展趋势分别作了综合的分析，旨在帮助考生更好地了解、应战新四级考试，做到“知己知彼，百战不殆”。

一、语音、语调、语速：

06-6-24-18

M: Ma’am, I hear you have an apartment to rent. Can I take a look at it?

W: Sure, you are welcome any time by appointment but I have to tell you the building is close to a railway and if you can’t put up with the noise, you might at all save the trip.

Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

96-1-10

W: Excuse me, sir, but have you seen a young gentleman looking for his wrist watch?

M: A young man, Ma’am?

Q: What's the woman doing?

二、场景词汇的把握：

06-6-24-19

W: Please have a seat, Mr. Sanders. I’ve received your resume last week and was very impressed.

M: Thank you.

…

A) To make a business report to the woman.

B) To be interviewed for a job in the woman’s company.

C) To resign from his position in the woman’s company.

D) To exchange stock market information with the woman.

05-12-10

M: You know the electronics company is coming to our campus to recruit graduate students next week.

W: Really? What day? I’d like to talk to them and hand in my resume.

Q: What does the woman want to do?

A)Help the company recruit graduate students

B)Visit the electronics company next week

C)Get apart-time job on campus before graduation

D)Apply for a job in the electronics company

三、考试发展趋势的把握：

06-6-24-01

M: What was it like working with those young stars?

W: It was a great group. I always got mad that people said that we didn’t get along just because we are girls. There was never a fight. We had a great time.

Q: What does the woman mean?

A) The girls got on well with each other.

B) It’s understandable that girls don’t get along.

C) She was angry with the other young stars.

D) The girls lacked the courage to fight.

05-6-09

W: Well, I do like this campus, all the big tress, the green lawns, and the old buildings with tall columns. It’s really beautiful.

M: It sure is. The architecture of these buildings is in the Greek style. It was popular in the 18th century here.

A) An art museum. B) A beautiful park.

C) A college campus D) An architectural exhibition

06-6-24-15

M: I have the steak, French fries and let’s see chocolate ice cream for dessert.

W: Uh –oh, you know these things will ruin your health too much fat and sugar how about ordering some vegetables and fruits instead?

Q: Where did the conversation most probably take place?

05-6-05

W: I just read in the newspaper that the Lord of Rings is this year’s greatest hit. Why don’t we go and see it at the Grand Cinema?

M: Don’t you think that cinema is a little out of the wa y?

Q: What does the man mean?

四、预读与应试技巧的使用：

05-6-01

A) The man hates to lend his tools to other people.

B) The man hasn’t finished working on the bookshelf.

C) The tools have already been returned to the woman.

D) The tools the man borrowed from the woman are missing.

05-6-02

A) Give the ring to a policeman.

B) Wait for the owner of the ring in the rest room.

C) Hand in the ring to the security office.

D) Take the ring to the administration building.

06-6-24

A)The man has never seen the woman before.

B)The two speakers work for the same company.

C)The two speakers work on the same floor.

D)The woman is interested in market research.

五、Passage中基本技巧的把握：

06-6-24-34

A) The players found the basket too high to reach.

B) The players had trouble getting the ball out of the basket.

C) The players had difficulty understanding the complex rules.

D) The players soon found the game boring.

02-6-19

…When Stevenson followed the carbon-14 trail back in time, he found carbon-14 levels change with the intensity of solar burning. You see, the sun has cycles. Sometimes it burns fiercely, at other times, it’s relatively calm. During the sun’s violent perio ds, it throws off charged particles in fast moving strings called solar winds…

A) The lifecycle of trees.

B) The number of trees.

C) The intensity of solar burning.

D) The quality of air.

05-12-11/13

A new study reports the common drug aspirin greatly reduces life-threatening problems after an operation to replace blocked blood vessels to the heart.

…

However, the doctors warned that people who have stomach bleeding or other bad reactions from aspirin should not take it after heart surgery.

11. What is the finding of the new study of aspirin?

13. What warning did the doctors give about the use of aspirin?

06-6-24-27/28/29

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5d8362069.html,ck of space in Athens is the main reason why the dead are dug up after three years.

29.Athens city council wants to introduce cremation that is burning dead bodies as a means of dealing with the problem. But the Greek church resists this practice.

28.To save space, the church suggested burying the bodies standing up instead of lying down.

05-6-18/19/20

18. What was the diamond ring said to represent?

18. A) loyalty

B) luck

C) durability

D) beauty

19. Why did the Austrian man place the diamond ring on the third finger of the left hand of his would-be wife?

19. A) It was supposed that the diamond on that finger would bring good luck

B) It was thought a blood vessel in that finger led directly to the heart

C) He believe that is symbolized an everlasting marriage

D) He wanted to follow the tradition of his country

20. What is the chief advantage of having the engagement period?

20. A) The two people can earn enough money for their wedding

B) The two people can learn about each other's likes and dislikes

C) The two people can have time to decide if they are a good match

D) The two people can have time to shop for their new home

六、听写突击练习法：

06/6/24

44 something that is simply there around them not something they can use

45 the fast food industry can be seen as a clear example of American cultural product

46 spread the world they have been viewed as symbols of American society and culture

六．听力考前提高总结

一、改革后分数的意义

文都大学英语四六级,冲刺讲义

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文都教育07大学英语四六级讲义_四级写作

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新东方英语四六级培训课前演讲字字稿

新东方英语四六级培训开篇演讲字字稿 大家好，我是新东方的王树振老师，四六级作文和综合部分的主讲老师。在开始今天的讲座之前，首先自我介绍一下。我姓王，王树振。说起我这个名字，还带有传奇色彩。话说二十七年的一个寒冷的冬夜，在河南省北部的一个小村庄，一个平凡而又神奇的小男孩儿呱呱落地（记住，不是呱呱，呱呱落地的那是蛤蟆）。那个小男孩就是我，你们的王老师。我爸后来给我取了这个名字，当他给我取名的时候，二十七年的他就已经预见到了二十七年后的今天，我会作为一个老师，站在这里给大家做这次培训的。因为在我的名字里有暗示啊！ 树者，自树树人也；振者，振兴中华也。我父亲之所以生下我，就是让我帮助大家自树树人，振兴中华来着！Yes！ 我现在除了在新东方，英语专业研究生毕业之后，还在咱天津的一所高校里面教大学英语——为了把我留下，那个大学为了留住我这个人才，于是乎就把校训改成了“勤奋严谨，自树树人”了——大家知道是哪所大学了吗？呵呵，原来校训是“坑蒙拐骗，无恶不作”！ 因为我曾经阅过四六级的作文及综合部分的考题，于是就被老汤请过来给大家讲课——老汤知道是谁吧？老汤是我们老师给汤校长取得外号，他的真名叫“马邦德”！ 言归正传，OK？ 首先问大家一个问题：你们觉四级考试所有题型之中，哪一类题型最容易失分，也是最容易得分？给大家两个选择，是写作呢，还是写作呢？ 英美人的思维方式跟咱们绝对不同，可以说是截然相反。所以，假如你坚持用东方式的思维去写作文，我只能说我很佩服你贵在参与的应试态度。 为了让大家明白这个道理，我给大家举个例子。譬如说对于爱情。西方人，尤其是美国人，表达的很直接。他们有一首歌唱得非常好，是史迪威旺达的I just

何凯文考研英语长难句精讲完备讲义(完美打印版)

考研英语长难句突破讲义 适用对象：考研学子，四级，六级英语学习或相当者。 课程目的：打破英语阅读学习的幻觉，真正获得一扇通向别样美丽世界的窗户，人生从此再无长难句。为英语写作夯实基础。 课程安排：方法论讲解；难句解析；考试实战演练 第一部分方法论讲解 引子我们为什么要精读句子 1.精读能力的要求（消除障碍的阅读） 自由笔记区目标：准确【重要】精读 2．泛读能力的要求（广泛获取信息的阅读） 目标：快速 技能：高职 阅读的实际过程是什么知识：本科 Input（英文）-mind（句子层面）-output（中文）思维：研究生 思想：博士 阅读在句子层面的障碍 1．含义 2．语序 简单句的障碍来源 简单句：只有一套谓语的句子 基本句型包括：主+谓，主+谓+宾，主+谓+双宾，主+谓+宾+宾补，主+系+表 定语，状语，同位语，插入语 简单句的障碍识别及处理方法 定语：在句子中修饰名词的成分problem-定义-细化-solution（思维方式） 前置定语：adj+名词 后置定语： 形容词短语：形容词+介词+名词this is a book useful for your future Ving a woman walked on the road Ved a painting painted by Jane n. + to do a way to solve the problem 介词短语：介词+名词a bottle of water on the table 表语形容词：alive a cat alive 解决方案：前置P．S：I want to be part of something big. Something属于不定代词。 【不定代词定语置后】 定语从句（不属于简单句范畴） 关系代词：人称代词：who whom which that as +非完整句 引导词物主代词：whose +完整句

新东方英语四六级蒙题解题技巧(自己整理)-(1)

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四六级词汇(新东方)

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