45组近义辨析
Group 1: imaginary, imaginative, imaginable
imaginable adj. that can be imagined 可想像的
imaginary adj. existing only in the mind or imagination; not real 想像中的
imaginative adj. having or showing imagination 富于想像力的
TEM-4：
1. His ideas are invariably condemned as __ by his colleagues. (2005, 70)
A. imaginative
B. ingenious
C. impractical
D. theoretical
2. First, we need to find out what his scheme is, and then act __ . (2008, 74)
A. sensitively
B. imaginatively
C. efficiently
D. accordingly
Group 2: award, reward, compensation, prize
award: thing or amount awarded 奖品; 奖状; 奖金；助学金
reward:1. something given or received in return for work, merit or services 报酬
2.sum of money offered for the capture of a criminal, return of lost property赏金compensation补偿
prize: things you win in a competition or lottery奖金
TEM-4:
1. The police have offered a large __ for information leading to the robber's arrest. (200
2. 62)
A. award
B. compensation
C. prize
D. reward
2. Sally contributed a lot to the project, but she never once accepted all the __________ for herself. (2013, 70)
A. credit
B. attention
C. focus
D. award
Group 3：recover, renew, restore, revive, renovate
recover: regain health, money, emotion恢复
recover one‘s sight; recover the costs; recover from the shock
renew: renew a passport/book续期; renew a friendship重新建立关系；renew one‘s energy恢复体力
restore: rebuild or repair (a ruined building, work of art, etc) so that it is like the original 重建、修复restore a painting / restore my confidence
revive: 1.bring back to consciousness恢复知觉Ours hopes revived.
2. bring back into use使重新流行revive old customs
renovate: restore (esp old buildings) to good condition整修旧建筑物
TEM-4:
1. Jimmy earns his living by __ works of art in the museum.(2004, 67)
A .recovering B. restoring C. renewing D. reviving
2. A great amount of work has gone into __ the Cathedral to its previous splendour. (2006, 67)
A. refreshing
B. restoring
C. renovating
D.renewing
3. Share prices on the Stock Exchange plunged sharply in the morning but __ slightly in
the afternoon. (2006.78)
A. regained
B. recovered
C. restored
D. revived
4. During the TV interview, the singer announced that he was going to _________ his new album soon.(2009, 66)
A.release
B. renew
C. relieve
D. rehearse
Group 4: climb, creep, crawl, scramble
climb: go up or over (sth) by effort, esp using one's hands and feet 攀登
creep: 1. move slowly, quietly or stealthily, esp crouching low悄悄移动（尤指弯着腰）
2.植物藤蔓Ivy is any kind of ever-green creeping plant.
crawl: move slowly, with the body on or close to the ground, or on hands and knees匍匐行进scramble: climb with difficulty 攀登，爬
TEM-4:
1. As there was no road, the travelers ________ up a rocky slope on their way back. (2010, 80)
A. ran
B. hurried
C. scrambled
D. crawled
Group 5: dismiss, discharge, expel, resign
dismiss: fire 解雇；send away下课；consider…not worth mentioning不理
dismiss a student
discharge: unload卸货；give official permission for sb. to leave释放、遣散be discharged from the hospital/army
expel: force…to leave驱逐
resign:retire, give up the position辞职
TEM-4:
1. Mary hopes to be __ from hospital next week.(2004, 65)
A. dismissed
B. discharged
C. expelled
D. resigned
Group 6: shake, tremble, shiver, quiver, vibrate, shudder
均含―震动，颤抖‖之意。
shake → 最普通用词，含义广。指人或物不自主地颤动、摇摆，常侧重剧烈和无规律。tremble → 指由于寒冷、虚弱、愤怒或恐惧等而发抖、战栗。
shiver → 指因寒冷或情绪突变而出现的短时间的轻微和快速的颤抖。
quiver → 多用于指事物。指物体像乐器的弦一般地轻微而急速地颤动。
vibrate → 指急速地连续震动，也指钟摆等的来回摆动。
shudder → 着重指由于恐惧、震惊等而引起的全身突然而强烈地战栗。
TEM-4：
1. She was standing outside in the snow, ________ with cold. (2004, 69)
A. spinning
B. shivering
C. shaking
D. staggering
2. On receiving sound waves, our eardrums ____ and cause minute electrical signals to be sent to the brain.
A. shiver
B. shake
C. vibrate
D. tremble
Group 7: source, origin, root, resource
均有―起源，起因，根源‖之意。
origin → 侧重指事物的起源或由来，也指人的出身。
source → 本义指某地系河流或瀑布的源头，引申指某事的来源出处，但更多指抽象事物的根源或来源。
root → 通常指事物产生的原因或根源。
resource→主要指一个国家或地区可以取用的―资源，财力，资产‖，一般以复数形式出现。
TEM-4:
1. He was a man of noble ______. He came from an old and prominent family in Virginia.
A. origin
B. source
C. root
D. resource
2. The gases from internal combustion engine are one _____ of the smog that hangs over large cities.
A. origin
B. source
C. resource
D. root
Group 8: bulge, protrude, stick, jut, swell
均有―突出，凸起‖之意。
bulge → 指由于内部原因或填充物引起的膨胀，如―鼓鼓的肚子，鼓鼓的袋子‖等
protrude → 指一个整体平面上突出的部分，带有一种畸形的暗示，如突出的额头等
stick → 指A物体伸出B物体之外，如把手伸出河面，钉子伸出椅子等
jut → 指因构造或位置等原因使物体的一部分凸出或伸出某平面之上（即从某物的一侧伸出或突出），如阳台在花园上方凸出来
swell → 指因膨胀或肿胀而隆起或突出，像（病理学）肿胀；（海洋）涨潮；（泉水、泪）涌出；（风帆）鼓起；（山峰）鼓起等,protrude
TEM-4:
1. My house is the only brick one in the street. It_____ and you can't miss it.
A. stands up
B. looks out
C. sticks out
D. wipes out
2. Her arm was beginning to _____up where the bee had stung her.
A. swell
B. jut
C. protrude
D. bulge
3. After the war there was a ______in the birth-rate.
A. sticking out
B. jutting
C. protruding
D. bulge
Group 9: empty vacant blank hollow bare
均有―空的‖意思，但具体用法不同：
empty → 意为―(房间等)空的、没有物的‖，指描绘之物的内部本应有的东西这时却没有，或者可容人或物的地方或容器这时未容纳；还表示―空洞无意义的‖。
vacant → 意为―空的、空着的、(房间等)未被占用的‖，是普通用词，侧重指某物或某个位置(职位等)暂时没有人居住或没有被占用而空闲着的。
hollow → 意为―空的、空心的、空虚的‖，指所描绘之物的中心是空的，也可指空虚的。blank → 意为―空白的‖，指表面无字迹，没有写字、印刷或做记号的空白处；也表示―空虚的‖。注意：blank可用作名词，表示―空白、填空处、空白表格‖。如：
bare → 意为―光秃秃的、无遮蔽的‖，通常指没有遮蔽或装饰的物体，或人体赤裸的某一部分。
TEM-4:
1. During the summer holiday season there are no ________ rooms in this seaside hotel. （2003, 60）
A. empty
B. blank
C. deserted
D. vacant
2. During the summer holiday season it is difficult to find a (n) ________ room in the hotels here. （2002, 63）
A. empty
B. vacant
C. free
D. deserted
3. Although they plant trees in this area every year, the tops of some hills are still________.
A. bare
B. vacant
C. blank
D. hollow
Group 10: draft, outline, diagram, sketch, blueprint, frame
既可作动词也可作名词用，作动词时均有―绘制‖之意；作名词时都含―草图‖之意。
draft → 用作动词时指按准确比例设计或打样；作名词时专指精确的草图或草案。
outline → 主要给出事物要点或轮廓，强调简化了的整体。
diagram → 侧重指用图形、图表等来说明。
plot → 可与draft和diagram换用，但侧重于表示具体的点、面、部分或目标，从而使相互关系以及和整体的关系得以明确。
sketch → 指用图、模型或语言描述来表示某一事物的整体情况。
blueprint → 主要指绘制蓝图或制定纲领或规划。这个词引申用来指详细而具体的行动计划。TEM-4:
1. The book gives a brief ________ of the course of his research up till now. （2004, 59）
A. outline
B. reference
C. frame
D. outlook
Group 11:.abandon, desert, forsake, relinquish, discard, forfeit
Abandon：If you abandon a place, thing, or person, you leave the place, thing, or person permanently or for a long time, especially when you should not do so.
Desert：If people or animals desert a place, they leave it and it becomes empty.
Forsake: If you forsake someone, you leave them when you should have stayed, or you stop helping them or looking after them.
Relinquish: If you relinquish something such as power or control, you give it up.
Discard: If you discard something, you get rid of it because you no longer want it or need it. Forfeit: If you forfeit something, you lose it or are forced to give it up because you have broken a rule or done something wrong.
1.They ____ their lands to the invading forces.
2.The village had been hurriedly____, perhaps because terrorists were in the area.
3.She____ possession of the house to her sister.
4.He was forced to ____ control of the company.
5.If you cancel your flight, you will ____ your deposit.
Group 12:.pace trot shuffle ramble stride stagger toddle totter
Pace: If you pace a small area, you keep walking up and down it, because you are anxious or impatient.
Trot: If you trot somewhere, you move fairly fast at a speed between walking and running, taking small quick steps.
Shuffle: If you shuffle somewhere, you walk there without lifting your feet properly off the ground.
Ramble: If you ramble, you go on a long walk in the countryside.
Stride: If you stride somewhere, you walk there with quick, long steps.
Stagger: If you stagger, you walk very unsteadily, for example because you are ill or drunk. Toddle: When a child toddles, it walks unsteadily with short quick steps.
Totter: If someone totters somewhere, they walk there in an unsteady way, for example because they are ill or drunk.
1.This is the best season to____ in the suburbs.
2.He lost his balance, ____back against the rail and toppled over.
3.We watched the little boy ____up purposefully to the refrigerator.
4.He was thinking of the next step of the plan, ____ along the playground.
Group 13:compulsory compulsive
Compulsory: If something is compulsory, you must do it or accept it, because it is the law or because someone in a position of authority says you must.
Compulsive: You use compulsive to describe people or their behaviour when they cannot stop doing something wrong, harmful, or unnecessary.
1.Many young men are trying to get away from___ military conscription.
2.He went to a psychiatrist about his ____ gambling.
Group 14: edge, border, rim, verge, brink
Edge: The edge of something is the place or line where it stops, or the part of it that is furthest from the middle.
Border: The border between two countries or regions is the dividing line between them. Sometimes the border also refers to the land close to this line.
Rim:The rim of a container such as a cup or glass is the edge that goes all the way round the top. Verge: If you are on the verge of something, you are going to do it very soon or it is likely to happen or begin very soon.
Brink: If you are on the brink of something, usually something important, terrible, or exciting, you are just about to do it or experience it.
1.By the time the so-called ―Cultural revolution‖ came to an end, our economy was on the ___
of collapse.
2.I could see that she was on the ___ of tears.
3.If you cross this bridge, you will be crossing the ___ of our province.
4.Our farm extends as far as the ___ of that wood.
5.The ___ of these bicycle wheels are made of plastic rather than stainless steel. Group 15:assure reassure ensure insure
Assure: If you assure someone that something is true or will happen, you tell them that it is definitely true or will definitely happen, often in order to make them less worried.
Reassure: If you reassure someone, you say or do things to make them stop worrying about something.
Ensure:To ensure something, or to ensure that something happens, means to make certain that it happens.
Insure: If you insure yourself or your property, you pay money to an insurance company so that, if you become ill or if your property is damaged or stolen, the company will pay you a sum of money.
1.She is perfectly safe, I can ____ you.
2.They tried to ____ her, but she still felt anxious.
3.It‘s ____ to know that we‘ve got the money if necessary.
4.Unemployment seems to be rising, despite repeated ____ to the contrary.
Group 16: breast, bosom, chest
这些名词均含―胸、胸部‖之意。
breast：指人或动物的胸部或胸部前面，指男人或女人的乳房。
例如：He was wearing a nameplate on his left breast.
(他左胸前佩戴着一张名字牌。)
bosom：文学用词，一般用作比喻意义。意为―怀抱‖或―怀里‖。
例如：A dark jealousy stirred in his bosom.
(他内心生出一阵恶毒的嫉妒。)
chest: 指胸膛，胸腔，即肋骨所包围的部分。
例如：The bears chest is hairy.
(那只熊的胸部毛茸茸的。)
Group 17: attend, join, participate, take part in
这些动词或词组均含―参加，加入‖之意。
attend：侧重参加或出席会议或学术活动等。
例如：She does not attend often.
(她不常出席。)
join: 普通用词，指加入党派、团体或游戏等。
例如：When did you join the air force?
(你什么时候参加的空军部队？)
participate：正式用词，特指参加团体活动，暗示以一个积极的角色参加。
例如：Several experts will participate as technical advisers.
(几位专家将作为技术顾问参加。)
take part in: 侧重参加某项群众性、集体性的事业、工作或活动，突出参加者在其中发挥一定的作用。
例如：John takes part in many school activities.
(约翰参加很多学校里的活动。)
Group 18: alive, live, living, lively
这一组形容词都跟―活着‖有关。
alive. adj. 活着的，有活力的，常作表语，或后置定语。
例如：After the accident, he was barely alive.
(交通事故后，他奄奄一息。)
of all men then alive in the world, only Alexander the conqueror and Diogenes the beggar were free.
(在当时世上所有活着的人当中，只有征服者亚历山大与乞丐第欧根尼才是自由的人。)
live: adj. 活着的（仅用于名词前）
现场直播的
adv. 在现场直播
例如：Protestors want to stop the export of live sheep and cattle.
(抗议者希望阻止活羊活牛的出口。)
We watched the live broadcast of the opera on TV.
(我们通过电视观看了这部歌剧的实况。)
The match will be shown live by the BBC.
(这场比赛将由英国广播公司现场直播。)
living adj. 活着的，作定语可前可后，可修饰人也可修饰物。
例如：Who is the world‘s greatest living artist?
（谁是现在还健在的世界上最伟大的艺术家？）
in/within living memory 在人们的记忆中，现在活着的人都应该还记得…
例如：It was the worst storm in living memory.
(这是人们记忆中最严重的风暴。)
lively adj. 活泼的，栩栩如生的。
例如：She is a lively young girl, always laughing and doing things.
(她是个活泼可爱的小姑娘，总是欢声笑语忙个不停。)
Group 19: credible, credulous, plausible
这一组形容词都有―可信的‖意思。
credible：adj. 可信的，可靠的
例如：The student told the teacher a credible story that she missed the class because she was sick.
(那个学生跟老师讲了实情，她没来上课是因为她病了。)
credulous：adj. 轻信的，易于相信他人的
例如：She was credulous when she listened to the salesman and bought the car for too much money.
(她很容易轻信别人，竟然听信那个销售员的话以高价买了那辆车。)
plausible：adj. 似乎有理的，可信的，常常有―怀疑‖的意思。
例如：Even though it is a plausible explanation, I am not completely convinced.
(虽然这个解释合理，但仍不能使我完全相信。)
Group 20: job, work, position, occupation, profession, vocation
1. Your job is the work that you do regularly in order to earn money, esp. when you work for a company or public organization.
Job 指为赚取工资而固定从事的工作，尤指为公司或公共机构所做的工作。
Eg. He finally got a job in a supermarket.
2. Work is used in a more general way to talk about activities that you do to earn money, either working for a company or for yourself.
Work 的用法更为广泛，指以赚钱为目的、为公司或自己所进行的活动。
Eg. Will you go back to work when you‘ve had the baby?
I started work when I was 18.
▲ Do not say 不要说―What is your job?‖ or ―what is your work?‖
Say而要说―what do you do?‖ or ―what do you do for a living?‖
3. Post and position are more formal words for a job in a company or organization. They are used
esp. in job advertisements and when you are talking about sb. moving to a different job.
Post和position是更正式的说法，指公司或团体中的职位，尤用于招聘广告和谈到某人换工作时。
Eg. This post would suit a recent graduate.
He left last summer for a teaching position in Singapore.
4. Use occupation to talk about the kind of work that sb. does, for example if they are a teacher, lawyer, driving instructor etc.
Occupation is used mainly on official forms.
说到某人通常所做的工作，如教师、律师、驾驶教练等职业时，用occupation。这一词语主要用于正式表格。
Eg. State your name, age and occupation in the box below. 把你的姓名、年龄和职业写在下面的方框内。
▲Do not use occupation to talk about your own job.
Eg. I am an accountant. (不要说My occupation is an accountant.)
5. A profession is a kind of work for which you need special training and a good education, for example teaching, law, or medicine.
Profession是指需经过专业训练和良好教育的工作，如教育、法律或医药工作。
6. Your career is the type of work that you do or hope to do for most of your life.
Career是指从事的职业或者希望毕生从事的事业.
Eg. His career is more important to him than his family.
7. V ocation is the feeling that the purpose of your life is to do a particular type of work, esp. because it allows you to help other people. = calling 使命感、天职
Eg. At 17 she found her true vocation as a writer.
17岁时她找到了自己真正的使命——当一名作家。
Group 26:considerate,considerable, considering
considerate adj. always thinking of other people‘s wishes and feelings 为他人着想的,体贴的considerable adj. great in amount ,size, importance etc. 相当多（或大、重要等）
considering prep./conj. used to show that you are thinking about a particular fact, and are influenced by it, when you make a statement about sth. 考虑到，就...而言；鉴于TEM-4：
1. The couple has donated a not__ amount of money to the foundation. (2006, 80 )
A. inconsiderable B inconsiderate C inaccurate D incomparable
2. On the road , motorists should be aware of cyclists and be ____ towards them. （2008，67）
A. considerable
B. considering
C. considerate
D. considered
3. It was really ______ of you to remember my birthday.(2011,73)
A. Grateful
B.thoughtful
C.considerable
D. generous
Group 27: extensive,exclusive,inclusive,comprehensive, conclusive
extensive adj. covering a large area; great in amount; including a wide range of
information 广阔的，大量的，广泛的
exclusive adj. 1. only used by a particular person or group (个人或集体)专有的，独有的
2. not able to exist or be a true statement at the same time as sth. else 排外的inclusive adj. having the total cost, or the cost of sth. that is mentioned , contained in the price 包括，包含（全部费用等）
comprehensive adj. including all, or almost all, the items ,details, facts, information,
etc.,that may be concerned 全部的，所有的，详尽的
conclusive adj. proving sth. , and allowing no doubt or uncertainty总结性的，不容置疑的
TEM-4：
1.The bar in the club is for the ______use of its members.(2007，68)
A. extensive
B.exclusive
C.inclusive
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5d9295577.html,prehensive
2.The court would not accept his appeal unless __________ evidence is provided.(2013,77)
A. conclusive
B. definite
C. eventual
D. concluding
Group 28: instinct, distinct, extinct,distinctive, distinguished, distinguishing
instinct n. a natural tendency for people and animals to behave in a particular way using the knowledge and abilities that they were born with rather than thought or training 本能，天性distinct adj. 1.easily or clearly heard, seen , felt ,etc. 清晰的，清楚的，明显的
2. clearly different or of a different kind 截然不同的，有区别的
extinct adj. (of a type of plant, animal, etc.) no longer in existence 不再存在的，灭绝的，绝种的distinctive adj. having a particular quality or characteristic that makes sth. different and easily noticed 独特的，特别的
distinguished adj. very successful and admired by other people 卓越的，著名的distinguishing
TEM-4：
1. The patterns of spoken language are ___________ from those of writing.(2012,78)
A.distinct
B.distinctive
C.distinguished
D. distinguishing
Group 29：respectable, respective, respectful,respected
respectable adj. considered by society to be acceptable, good or correct 体面的，值得尊敬的respective adj. belonging or relating separately to each of the people or things already mentioned 分别的，各自的
respectful adj. showing or feeling respect 表示敬意的，尊敬的
respected 被尊敬的
TEM-4:
1. The young employee has a(n)______ quality - he is totally honest. (2009,80)
A. respectable
B. admirable
C. decent
D. Approachable
2.The audience waited in ____ silence while their aged speaker searched among his note for the figures he could not remember.
A. respective
B. respect
C. respectful
D. respectable
Group 30: sensible, sensitive,sensational, sentimental
sensible adj. able to make good judgments based on reason and experience rather than
emotion; practical 明智的，合理的，切合实际的
sensitive adj. 1.easily offended or upset易生气的
2. That you have to treat with great care because it may offend people or make
them angry敏感的，须谨慎对待的
sensational adj. causing great surprise, excitement, or interest 轰动的，耸人听闻的sentimental adj. connected with your emotion rather than reason 情感的，多愁善感的
sensory adj. connected with your physical senses
TEM-4:
1.Our ____ sensitivity decreases with age. By age 60, most people have lost 40 percent of their ability to smell and 50 percent of their taste buds.
A.sensible
B.senseless
C. sensitive
D. sensory
2. I am easily hurt because my feelings are very ____.
A.sensible
B.sensational
C.sensitive
D. Sentimental
3.To an especially__________ child, a simple scolding can be a grievous experience.
A. hysterical
B. sensitive
C. gracious
D. sensible
Group 31:progress, process, proceed, precede
pro-=forward―向前‖
progress v. pro-=forward―向前‖+gress=go/walk"行走,步"→向前走,发展
1. to improve, develop, or achieve things so that you are then at a more advanced
stage改进
progress to/towards/beyond发展成
e.g. She started with a cleaning job, and progressed to running the company.
2. if an activity such as work or a project progresses, or you progress it, it
continues进展
Work on the ship progressed quickly.
process v. pro向前+cess行走,前进→向前走的过程→vt.加工，处理
1.to make food, materials, or goods ready to be used or sold, for example by
preserving or improving them in some way加工；处理process goods
2.to deal with an official document, request etc in the usual way审核；审议
process an application/claim/transaction
3.to deal with information using a computer处理（信息）
proceed v. pro-=forward―向前‖ +ceed=go"行走,前进" →go forward
1.to continue to do something that has already been planned or started继续做
2.to continue（活动、过程或事件）继续，持续
3.to do something after doing something else first - used sometimes to express
surprise or annoyance接着做
4.to move in a particular direction（朝某个方向）前进，行进
5.proceed to/towards/into
pre-=before‖在前‖ e.g. prewar
precede v. pre-=before‖在前‖+ced=go"行走,前进"+e→ happen before
1.to happen or exist before something or someone, or to come before something
else in a series发生在…之前；先于
2.to go somewhere before someone else在…前面
TEM-4：
1.Metal, valued by weight, ___ coins in many parts of the world. (2008,41)
A.processed
B. produced
C. preceded
D. proceeded
2.Symptoms start with a fever over 100.4 degrees F, chills, headache or body aches. Within a
week, the patient has a dry cough, which might _____ to shortness of breath. (09,36)
A.process
B. advance
C. progress
D. convert
Group 32: assume, consume, resume, presume
sume=take,表示"拿,取"
assume vt. as加强动作+sume拿,取→拿住→认为是,假定
1.to think that something is true, although you do not have definite proof
假定;以为;假设（不太肯定）
2.assume control/responsibility取得（权力）；承担（责任）
3.put on装出，做出（某种样子）
assume a manner/air/expression
4.take on
assume great importance呈现，具有，显露（某种特质）
consume vt. con共同+sume拿,取→全拿完→消耗
1.eat or drink吃光，喝光
2. to use up an amount of fuel, energy, or time消耗，耗费(燃料、能源或时间)
3. If a fire consumes a building, it completely destroys it(火)烧毁，吞没，吞噬动词
4. If a feeling or idea consumes you, it affects you very strongly indeed.(使)沉溺，(使)
沉迷，(使)充满(感情或思想)
resume v. re再+sume拿,取→重新拿起→再用;恢复
vt.&vi. 重新开始；继续；恢复职位
1.begin sth.again（使）重新开始;（使）继续进行
2.resume your seat or position恢复(职位);回到（座位）
3.begin speaking again after one has stopped for a short time继续说;接着说presume v.pre预先+sume拿,取→预先拿住→假定
1.to think that something is true, especially with confidence, although you are not
certain（不肯定地）认为，相信，推测(有把握的推测)
2.to accept something as true until it is shown to not be true, especially in law假设；
假定
3.to behave without respect or politeness by doing something that you have no right
to do冒昧；擅自主张；妄行
I won't presume to disturb you. 我不敢打扰你.
TEM-4：
1. I ____ he has some money to invest, as he is looking for a good investment consultant.
A. resume
B. presume
C. assume
D. consume
我看他有些钱可供投资，因为他在访求好的投资顾问
2. I ____ he has some money to invest, though I have no evidence to go on
A. resume
B. presume
C. assume
D. consume
我猜他有些钱可供投资，只是这猜测没有根据
3.I let children make their own decisions now they are older; I wouldn‘t____ to interfere.
A. resume
B. presume
C. assume
D. consume
现在孩子们大了，我让他们自己作决定，我决不擅自干涉。
Group 33:acquire, require, inquire, enquire
quir =seek/search,"寻求,询问"
acquire vt. ac加强动作+quir寻求,询问+e→寻求得到,习得
(fml ) to obtain sth. 获得
to gain knowledge or learn a skill学到知识技能，养成习惯
require v. re再+quir寻求,询问+e→再寻求→请求,要求
to need something需要;有赖于require doing sth. require sb. to do sth.
a law or rule says you must do it or have it要求;命令;规定
require sb. to do sth. require that
inquire v. in进入+quir寻求,询问+e→问进去→盘问
to ask someone for information 打听，询问；调查
inquire of/about"问,询问"
inquire into"调查"
enquire v. American English spelling of ―inquire‖
TEM-4：
If a child is brought up in isolation away from human beings, he does not ____ language.
A. inquire
B. require
C. acquire
D. request
Group 34:suspense，suspension，suspender
suspense n. a feeling of excitement or anxiety when you do not know what will happen next 悬念
keep/leave someone in suspense(故意)使着急，使焦虑
suspension n. 1. the act of delaying or stopping it for a while or until a decision is made about it 暂停;延缓
2. removal from a job or position for a period of time or until a decision is made
about them停职;暂时除名
3. A vehicle's suspension consists of the springs and other devices attached to the
wheels, which give a smooth ride over uneven ground. (车辆)悬架，减震装置
suspension bridge 悬索桥magnetic suspension磁悬浮
suspender n. fastenings which hold up a woman's stockings.吊袜带
TEM-4：
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5d9295577.html,e on, Jack, tell me the story. Don't keep me in ______.(09,69)
suspense B. suspending C. suspension D. suspender
2.The whole country was in ________ over the result of the elections. (14,77)
A. suspension
B. suspense
C. suspending
D. suspender
Group 35: disinterested, uninterested, uncaring, indifferent
disinterested adj. able to judge a situation fairly because you are not concerned with gaining any personal advantage from it
= objective, impartial, unbiased
dis-+interest利益→ 跟利益无关的→ 客观的，公正的
The current sole superpower is far from being a disinterested observer. uninterested adj. un-+interest 兴趣→ not interested不感兴趣的
He was totally uninterested in sport.
uncaring adj. not sympathetic about the problems or suffering of other people
un-+caring→不关心他人疾苦的；冷漠的；无情的
It's of no use complaining to an uncaring boss.
indifferent adj. not at all interested in someone or something
不感兴趣的;不关心的;冷淡的,无动于衷的be indifferent to
People have become indifferent to the suffering of others.
TEM-4：
When Linda heard the good news she tried to sound casual，but her excitement was obvious．The underlined part means _____．(12,71)
A．uncaring B．disinterested C．without plan D．without warning Group 36: compose, consist, constitute, comprise
comprise: to have somebody/something as parts or members；to be the parts or members that form
something意思是― 由…….组成, 构成‖ 它是个及物动词，其宾语既可以是表示部
分的名词，也可以是表示整体的名词。即有两种用法模
式：
模式A: 整体（主语）+ comprise+ 部分的全体（宾语）
模式B: 部分的全体（主语）+ comprise+整体（宾语）
模式A中comprise 意为―由…组成，包含‖ 。例如：
The committee comprises seven persons. 委员会由7人组成。
模式B中Comprise 意为―构成‖。例如:
Do you know how many states comprise the United States?
你知道美国由多少个州构成吗？
constitute: to be the parts that together form something是及物动词，它与comprise一样，常用于主动语态.
部分的全体（主语）+ constitute+整体（宾语）例句：
Twelve months constitute a year. 12个月合一年
compose: to combine together to form a whole表示―组成‖ 时是及物动词,常用于被动语态。
整体（主语）+ be composed of+ 组成部分（宾语）例如:
Class 4 is compose of 22 boys and 18 girls. 四班由22名男生和18名女生组成consist: to be formed from the things or people mentioned是个不及物动词,后接of使用时,才能表示― 由..
组成‖ 。
整体（主语）+ consist of+部分的全体（宾语）例如：
The presidium consists of 148 delegates. 主席团由144名代表组成.
TEM-4：
Another theory held that the two phases are ____ different kinds of molecules (分子). （2000.32）A. made up of B. consisted of C. constituted of D. made from
Group 37:alter, vary, modify, convert, transform, revise, amend
alter: to become different; to make somebody/something different, to make changes to a piece of clothing so that it will fit you better指部分更改，仍保留本质和总体结构，其名词是alteration。
The sleeves of the shirt are a bit too long. I‘ll have to ask the tailor to alter them.
vary : to change or be different according to the situation指不规则的变化或断断续续的改变，其名词是variation。
The weight of a body varies with latitude and altitude.
convert : t o change or make something change from one form, purpose, system, etc. to another, to change or make somebody change their religion or beliefs, to change an
opinion, a habit, etc. 指为了能适应新的用途或目的而改变某物的状态、形态、特
性等，其名词是conversion。
They have converted the barn into an exhibiting hall.
modify: to change something slightly, especially in order to make it more suitable for a particular purpose, to make something less extreme. 使用较为广泛，可指改变意见、计划、结构、体系、方法、内容等，其
名词是modification。
The Industrial Revolution modified the whole structure of the English society. transform : to change the form of something, to completely change the appearance or character of something, especially so that it is better指事物的面貌、功能或性质发生深刻的变化，失去原状成为全新的东
西。其名词是transformation。
My hometown has transformed into a modern town.
revise : to change your opinions or plans, for example because of something you have learned, to change something, such as a book or an estimate, in order to correct or improve it主要指对文字进行必要的修正和改动以使其完美，尤指对书、稿、计划、方案等的整体修改，纠正不足之处。名词为revision。
It is true that there are some shortcomings in the program, but we will revise it to your satisfaction.
amend ：to change a law, document, statement, etc. slightly in order to correct a mistake or to improve it指对法律条文、议案的部分修订，也可对计划、方案，文稿的部分修改这两个词还可指对自己原
来的观点、意见等进行修正或改正。名词为amendment。
On principle, we approve of your program but some of items need to be amended
TEM-4：
More often than not, it is difficult to ________ the exact meaning of a Chinese idiom in English. (1999, 55)
A. exchange
B. transfer
C. convey
D. convert
Our office has recently to a new computer system. (2011, 66)
A. altered
B. converted
C. transformed
D. modified
Animals that could not ________ themselves to the changed environment perished and those that could survived. (1997, 65)
A. change
B. adapt
C. modify
D. conform
Group 38：reject, refuse, decline, deny
reject is quite similar to 'refuse' - the opposite of both would be 'accept'. If you reject a proposal or
a request, for instance, you decide not to agree with it...
If you reject a belief or a theory, you decide that you do not believe in it and you do not wish to follow it...'Reject' often carries the added meaning that you don't think something is good enough - if an employer rejects a job applicant, or a machine rejects a credit card it is because something is considered unsuitable, invalid or wrong in some way.
If someone rejects a lover, their family or friends, they behave with cruelty or indifference towards them and perhaps do not want to see them any more.
refuse is the opposite of to 'accept' - if you refuse to do something you choose not to do it, or say firmly that you will not do it. You could also refuse something, which means that you don't accept it.
decline can be a rather formal synonym for 'refuse' - if you decline something or decline to do something, you politely refuse to accept it or do it...
deny: say that something is not true. The opposite of 'deny' would be 'admit'. If you deny somebody something, you 'refuse' to give it to them.
TEM-4：
Facing the board of directors,he didn't deny __________ breaking the agreement. (2013, 51)
A. him
B. it
C. his
D. its
Taking photographs is strictly ________ here, as it may damage the precious cave paintings. (2005.76)
A. forbidden
B. rejected
C. excluded
D. denied
Group 39：rise, raise, arise, arouse
rise（rose, risen）vi. to come or go upwards; to reach a higher level or position
上升，升起, 升高；上涨；文：（躺﹑坐或跪后）起立，起身；起床. 说明主语自身移向较高位置，常用于日、月、云、雾、烟、蒸汽、河水、温度、物价等，无被动语态。
arise (arose, arisen) vi. (especially of a problem or a difficult situation) to happen; to start to exist, to happen as a result of a particular situation. [intransitive] (old use orliterary) to get out of bed; to stand up(问题，困难等)出现；发生，产生；主语一般为抽象名词，如problem, trouble, quarrel, difficulty, misunderstanding, disagreement古：起身；起来；起立。无被动语态。常用短语：arise from / out of sth.由……引起；因……产生。
raise vt. to lift or move something to a higher level, to move something/somebody/yourself to a vertical position. 说明主语发出的动作是要作用于其它事物的，往往有使物体达到其应有的高度的含义。可用于被动语态。
arouse: to make somebody have a particular feeling or attitude. 为―激起，唤醒；使... 奋发‖ 可用于被动语态
TEM-4：
The committee has anticipated the problems that ________ in the road construction project. (2007. 58)
A. arise
B. will arise
C. arose
D. have arisen
Group 40：literal, literary, literate
literal: adj. being the basic or usual meaning of a word or phrase, that follows the original words exactly
literary: adj. connected with literature
literate: adj. able to read and write
TEM-4：
This charming and telling use of words is what we call ____ style. (2010. 46)
A. written
B. spoken
C. literary
D. dramatic
Group 41: consequence, aftermath, result, effect, wake, outcome
consequence n. c. something important that happens as the result of a decision or action: Global warming will have serious consequences for the environment. | Rising prices are the inevitable consequence of the grain shortage.
aftermath n. singular. something that results or follows from an event, esp. one of a disastrous or unfortunate nature the danger of disease in the aftermath of the earthquake | food prices soared in the aftermath of the drought
result n. c. something that happens because of something else The fire at the house was the result of a dropped cigarette. | Many people find that herbal remedies produce a good result. effect n. c. something that happens because of someone‘s actions or because of somethin g else
that happened before Improvement in water supply has had a dramatic effect on health. | Road transport has a considerable effect on our daily lives.
wake n. c.(usu. sing.) a gathering or social event that is held before or after someone's funeral >> If one thing (especially something bad) follows in the wake of another, it happens after the other thing is over, often as a result of it. Famine followed in the wake of the drought. | Airport security was extra tight in the wake of yesterday's bomb attacks.
outcome n. c. the final result of a meeting, discussion, war etc – used especially when no one knows what it will be until it actually happens The final outcome of the election remained in doubt for several days. | So, what is the likely outcome for Spain?
TEM-4：
1. The medical experts warned the authorities of the danger of diseases in the ___ of the earthquake. (2007, 70)
A. consequence
B. aftermath
C. result
D. effect
Group 42: stretch, expanse, space, spread, tract, sprawl
stretch n. c. an area of land or water, especially one that is long and narrow: a beautiful stretch of countryside A continuous or unbroken length, area, or expanse an empty stretch of highway | a stretch of road, water, or land
expanse n. c. an area of something, typically land, sky, or sea, presenting a wide continuous surface a vast expanse of grassland | the green expanse of the forest | the vast/broad expanse of the ocean | an expanse of desert
space n. c./u. a continuous area or expanse which is free or unoccupied The blank space at the end of the form is for your name. | We found a parking space close to the museum.
spread n. singular the extent, width, or area covered by something the spread of a bird's wings | the green spread of the park
tract n. c. an area either large or small: as an indefinite stretch of land or a defined area of land She bought a 200-acre tract out in the country. | large/huge/vast tracts of land
sprawl n. sing. u. a large area of buildings that are spread out in an untidy and unattractive way: a sprawl of stores and restaurants | We drove through miles of urban sprawl before we finally got out into the countryside.
TEM-4:
1. We stood still, gazing out over the limitless _____ of the desert. (2007. 78)
A. space
B. expanse
C. stretch
D. land
Group 43：achieve, attain, accomplish, obtain, procure, approach
achieve v. t. to succeed in doing something good or important, especially by working hard She‘s achieved a lot in the short time she‘s been with the company. | If we are to achieve our
goals, we have to plan properly.
attain v. t. (formal) to succeed in achieving something after trying for a long time with a lot of
effort More women are attaining positions of power. | Jim is halfway to attaining his
pilot's license.
accomplish v. t. (formal) succeed in doing; complete (a task, time, or distance); (to make complete; perfect) The government accomplished its objective of reducing violent crime.
| There are several different ways to accomplish the same task.
obtain v. t. (formal) to get something that you want, especially through your own effort, skill, or work Further information can be obtained from head office. | You will need to obtain permission from the principal. | the results obtained through these surveys
procure v. t. (formal) to get by care, special effort, or the use of special means; obtain or acquire managed to procure a pass | to procure evidence
approach v. t. to come near or nearer to >> to begin dealing with The cat approached the baby cautiously. | She approached the problem from a different angle.
TEM-4:
1. After working for the firm for ten years, he finally __ the rank of deputy director.(2009, 67)
A . achieved B. approached C. attained D. acquired
Group 44: embarrass, puzzle, perplex, confuse, bewilder
embarrass v. t. cause to feel awkward, self-conscious, or ashamed His clumsiness embarrassed him... | It embarrassed him that he had no idea of what was going on.
puzzle v. t. If something puzzles you, you do not understand it and feel confused. [describes a problem that we shall sooner or later resolve] My sister puzzles me and causes me anxiety. | knew at last the answer to the thing that had puzzled her for so long.
perplex v. t. to confuse or trouble with uncertainty or doubt [derived from the Latin "plexus" ?interwoven‘, and can suggest problems of a more intricate and confusing nature] It perplexed him because he was tackling it the wrong way. | She was perplexed by her husband's moodiness. confuse v. t. to make someone feel that they cannot think clearly or do not understand [suggests the mildest disorientation] past and present blurred together, confusing her still further | You're confusing him! Tell him slowly and one thing at a time.
bewilder v. t. to confuse or befuddle, especially with numerous conflicting situations, objects, or statements [The word deepens the suggestions of confuse and adds a note of harried emotional discomfort, and it suggests a disorientation that is longer lasting than confuse and that may paralyze one‘s ability to choose or act coherently] He was completely bewildered by the crossfire of conflicting commands shouted at him by his parents.
TEM-4:
1. She was so ________ by his accusations that she sat down and cried.
A. embarrassed
B. puzzled
C. confused
D. bewildered
Group 45: attract, charm, enchant, fascinate, tempt
attract v. t. (to cause to draw near or adhere by physical force) to arouse or compel, by the qualities sb./sth. has, especially good ones, the interest, admiration, or attention of The
gravitational force of the earth attracts smaller bodies to it. | We were attracted by the display of lights.
charm v. t. to attract or delight greatly [to attract someone and make them like you, sometimes in order to make them do something for you] a story that has charmed generations of
children | We were charmed by the friendliness of the local people.
enchant v. t. to cast a spell over; bewitch >> to delight to a high degree I was enchanted by the way she smiled. | The garden enchanted her.
fascinate v. t. to hold an intense interest or attraction for [If something fascinates you, it interests and delights you so much that your thoughts tend to concentrate on it.] She fascinated
him, both on and off stage. | The idea of travelling through time fascinates me.
tempt v. t. to try to get (someone) to do wrong, especially by a promise of reward >> to attract, appeal strongly to, or invite Don't let credit tempt you to buy something you can't afford... | It is the fresh fruit that tempts me at this time of year...
TEM-4:
1. The fact that she had become wealthy did not _____ her to alter her frugal way of life.
A. charm
B. tempt
C. fascinate
D. attract
高考语文复习之近义成语辨析
高考近义成语辨析 ——《每周6+1江苏版》p3-4成语辨析 1. 例题：依次填入下列各句中的成语，语意最贴切的一组是 ①事前有周密的规则，遇事有果敢的决心，就不至于____，左右为难了。 ②要创佳绩，就必须大胆革新，勇于实践，克服____的保守思想。 ③青年人在困难面前不应该____，而应该勇猛前进。 ④在个人利益和集体利益发生矛盾时，应该坚决地舍弃个人利益，决不应该____。 A．犹豫不决畏首畏尾畏缩不前举棋不定 B．畏首畏尾举棋不定犹豫不决畏缩不前 C．举棋不定畏首畏尾畏缩不前犹豫不决 D．畏缩不前举棋不定犹豫不决畏首畏尾 答案：选C 举棋不定：比喻临事犹豫不决，拿不定主意。 畏首畏尾：形容“瞻前顾后”，疑虑重重。 畏缩不前：指畏惧退缩，不敢前进。语境：青年人 犹豫不决：迟迟疑疑下不了决心。 （1）他是老江湖了，见多识广，早就成竹在胸了。 形容阅历深，经验多。 （2）这书简直就是一本百科全书，作者一定是位博闻强记的学者。 形容知识丰富，记忆力强。 3. 殊途同归：通过不同的途径，到达同一个目的地。比喻采取不同的方法而得到相同的结果。
不管我们从那个入口走上步道，都可以殊途同归，到达顶端的凉亭。 许多宗教的信仰方式虽有不同，但其教义殊途同归，都是劝人为善。 异曲同工：工：细致，巧妙；异：不同的。不同的曲调演得同样好。比喻话的说法不一而用意相同，或一件事情的做法不同而都巧妙地达到目的。 梅耶荷德的戏剧与中国戏曲有异曲同工之处。 4.如临深渊：临：靠近；渊：深水坑。如同处于深渊边缘一般。比喻存有戒心，行事极为谨慎。（接近危险） 如履薄冰：履：践、踩在上面。像走在薄冰上一样。比喻行事极为谨慎，存有戒心。（已经在经历危险） 5.自行其是：自己认为对的就做，不考虑别人的意见。 自以为是：总以为自己是正确的，除了自己之外别人都是错误的。 两者的区别在于，前者主观认为自己做的事都是对的，除自己以外都是错的，后者认为自己做的事是正确的，但不会认为别人的观点是错误的，这是不会考虑而去执行自己的观点而已。 6.咄咄怪事：形容不合常理，难以理解的怪事。 出乎意料：出于人们的意料，在人们的意料之外 在下面一段话空缺处依次填入成语，最恰当的一组是（） 季羡林先生在《八十述怀》中说：“我从来没有想到，我能活到八十岁，如今竟然活到了八十岁，然而又一点也没有八十岁的感觉。岂非 !我服从任何人的调遣与指挥，只敢规规矩矩，不敢乱说乱动。然而我的脑筋还在，我的思想还在，我的感情还在，我的理智还在。我不甘心成为，我必须干点事情。二百多万字的印度大史诗《罗摩衍那》，就是在这时候译完的。”季老的话让读者感觉到他文章的语言没有八十岁的，反而多了一些活泼与生动。 A．出人意料行尸走肉老气横秋 B．咄咄怪事酒囊饭袋老态龙钟 C．咄咄怪事行尸走肉老气横秋 D．出人意料酒囊饭袋老态龙钟 （1）“咄咄怪事”和“出人意料” 咄咄怪事：不可思议而使人惊讶的事．出人意料：出于人们的意料，在人们的意料之外．根
常用的双音节近义实词辨析顺口溜列举100组讲课教案
常用的双音节近义实词辨析顺口溜列举 100组
常用的双音节近义实词辨析顺口溜(列举100组) 说明：此顺口溜旨在辨析易混词。所举这些词语的义项并没有概括完全，复习时，还应以《现代汉语词典》为依据，对词语的义项进行全面把握。 1.???行为恶劣用卑劣品质低下用卑鄙 2.? ??伤心痛苦用悲痛极度悲哀用悲恸 3.???意志不坚用薄弱感情不强用脆弱 4.???言行荒唐用放诞行为放纵用放荡 5.???进行改动用窜改恶意改动用篡改 6.???法律制度用法制依法治理用法治 7.???默默无言用默然不放在心用漠然 8.???双方连通用沟通暗中勾结用勾通 9.???改换形象用化装梳妆打扮用化妆 10.???骄傲自满用骄气意志薄弱用娇气 11.? ??水流聚集用交汇会合相交用交会 12.???用尽心思用刻意久怀坏心用蓄意 13.???随意游玩用漫游到处游玩用周游 14.???恳切希望用祈求请求给予用乞求 15.? ??赶走除掉用驱除去病除魔用祛除 16.???原来意图用本意本来意义用本义 17.???突然中止用戛然声音嘹亮用嘎然 18.???安闲散步用徜徉心中犹豫用徘徊 19.? ??无中生有用捏造模仿不真用伪造 20.???具体财物用物资客观事物用物质 21.???扶助平辈用扶养扶助晚辈用抚养 22.???对下细听用倾听对上细听用聆听 23.???改变看法用刮目又怕又恨用侧目 24.???言行扼要用简洁简便快捷用简捷
25.???惊讶赞叹用惊叹惊讶诧异用惊异 26.???特征记号用标志漂亮美丽用标致 27.???过度使用用滥用胡乱使用用乱用 28.???设法取得用谋取非法谋取用牟取 29.???开始使用用启用重新任用用起用 30.???让出职位用让位位让贤人用让贤 31.? ??发生变化用变换变化无序用变幻 32.???疑虑消释用涣然光彩一新用焕然 33.???思想过旧用陈腐东西过时用陈旧 34.???不求名利用淡泊感情不深用淡薄 35.? ??已付定钱用定金未付定钱用订金 36.???发生变化用改变变得更好用改善 37.???精细美观用精致精密细致用精细 38.???彼此响应用相应互相衬托用相映 39.? ??辨别好坏用鉴别辨别欣赏用鉴赏 40.???实地调查用考察检查衡量用考查 41.???补充空缺用填补补够不足用弥补 42.???留给后代用留传事件传开用流传 43.???主动公布用披露走漏消息用泄露 44.???逐渐受侵用侵蚀思想受腐用腐蚀 45.???固体融化用融解溶于液体用溶解 46.???高深莫测用神秘非常奇妙用神奇 47.???法规生效用施行付诸行动用实行 48.???不良爱好用嗜好特别喜欢用癖好 49.???沿袭采用用袭用经常使用用习用 50.???推卸推辞用推脱借故拒绝用推托 51.???和平条约用和约简单合同用合约 52.???理解错误用误解故意错解用曲解 53.???相信依赖用信赖相信无疑用信任 54.???好的影响用熏陶坏的影响用熏染
【成语辨析】常见近义成语辨析200例
常见近义成语辨析200例 一、经常被误用的成语 1 曾几何时：表示“过去没有多久”。常误用为“曾经”“不知何时”。 2 不学无术：指“没有学问才能”。不能在其前加上“整天”“整月”等修饰词语。“学”为名词，常误作动词。 3 不可理喻：指“无法用道理使之明白”，常误用为“不可思议”。 4 不以为然：指“不认为是正确的”。常误用为“不以为意”，表示“不放在心上”“无所谓”。 5 守株待兔：贬义词，指“不主动努力，心存侥幸，希望得到意外的收获”，常误来形容公安干警的机智。 6 耳提面命：褒义词，形容师长殷切教导。常误用为贬义词。 7 不忍卒读：“不忍心读完”，形容文章的“悲”。常误用为形容文章写得不好。 8 鼎力相助；敬词，指对别人对自己的帮助。常误用为表示自己对他人的帮助。 9 蹉跎岁月：指虚度光阴。常误用来形容“岁月艰难、艰苦”。 10 名噪一时：指在当时很有名声。常误用为贬义词。 11 始作俑者：指某种坏风气的创始者。常误用为贬指。 12 不胜其烦：贬义词，指不能忍受其烦琐。常误用为“不厌其烦”。 13 脑无城府：指为人坦率，褒义词。常误用来形容“贬义词”，贬义词。 14 身无长物：指人贫困。常误用来形容没有特长。 15 目无全牛：指人的技艺高超，得心应手，易误作缺乏整体观念。
16 鬼斧神工：形容人的制作技艺高超，常误用为形容自然景观。相类似的还有“巧夺天工”。 17 求全责备：指对人苛求完善，后面不能带宾语，与此类似的还有“漠不关心”。 18 充耳不闻：塞住耳朵不听，形容不愿听取别人的意见。易误用为形容人专心，没有听到。 19 瓜田李下：形容容易引起嫌疑的地方。易误用为形容田园生活。 20 卓尔不群：形容非常优秀，超出常人。易误用为形容人的性格。 21 出神入化：形容技艺高超。易误用为形容听得出神。 22 登堂入室：比喻学问技能由浅入深，循序渐进，达到更高的水平。易误用为“进入”。 23 如坐春风：形容受到良好的教化。与“景物”无关。 24 对簿公堂：在公堂上受到审问。易误解为“争论，明辨是非”。 25 相敬如宾：特指夫妻相敬相爱。另有“举案齐眉”。 26 走马观花：比喻粗略地观察事物，强调过程，易和“浮光掠影”相混。后者指印象不深刻，强调结果。 27 师心自用：形容固执已见，自以为是。易误用为“善于学习借鉴，为我所用”。 28 安土重迁：安居故土，不愿随便迁往别处。易理解相反。 29 罪不容诛：形容罪大恶极，与“死有余辜”同义。易误解为罪行还没有达到被杀的程度。 30 屡试不爽：屡次试验都没有差错。易误解为“没有成功”。
初中语文常用近义成语辨析(一)
初中语文常考近义成语辨析（一） 1趁火打劫：趁别人有危难时去捞好处。亦作“趁火抢劫”。浑水摸鱼：比喻趁混乱的机会攫取不正当利益。 2惨无人道：惨，残酷狠毒。残暴得灭绝人性。 惨绝人寰：人寰，人世。世上再没有比这更惨的。形容惨到极点。 3心满意足：心愿满足。亦作“心满愿足”。 称心如意：完全合乎心意。亦作“趁心如意”。 4承前启后：承，承接。启，开创，引出。承接前人的，开创今后的。多用于事业、学问方面。亦作“承先启后”。 承上启下：接续上面的并引起下面的(多用于写作等)。 5三五成群：三个五个结成一群。 成群结队：聚集到一起，结成一群一伙。亦作“成群结伙”。
6胡思乱想：不切实际地瞎想。亦作“胡思乱量”。 痴心妄想：入迷的心思，荒唐的想法。形容一味幻想不切实际的事情。 7重整旗鼓：比喻失败后积聚力量，重新行动。亦作“重振旗鼓”。 卷土重来：卷土，人马奔跑时扬起尘土。形容失败后组织力量，重新猛扑过来。 8呕心沥血：形容费尽心思。 处心积虑：处心，存心。积虑，积久考虑。早已千方百计地谋算。多含贬义。 9粗心大意：做事不细心，马虎。 粗枝大叶：指文字或话语简略概括，也指做事不认真，不细心，马虎大意。 10大张旗鼓：比喻声势和规模很大。 雷厉风行：厉，猛烈。像打雷那样猛烈，像刮风那样迅速比喻政事法令的执行严厉迅速。也比喻行事声势威猛，动作迅速。
11当仁不让：当仁，指面临仁义之事。《论语?卫灵公》：“当仁不让于师。”后泛指遇到应该做的事，积极主动去做，不退让。 义不容辞：指顾全道义而不推辞。 12道貌岸然：道貌，正经严肃的外貌。岸然，高傲威严的样子。形容神态庄重严肃。现常用来形容故作正经，表里不一之状。多含讥讽之意。 一本正经：形容庄重规矩，非常认真(有时带有讽刺的意味)。 13一视同仁：同样看待，不分厚薄。多用于指人。 等量齐观：等，同等。齐，一样。不管事物间的差异，同等看待。多用于指物。 14牢不可破：牢固得不可摧毁，不可动摇。形容异常坚固。 颠扑不破：颠，跌。扑，敲。无论怎样倾跌敲打都不会破损。比喻理论正确，无法驳倒推翻。
近义实词辨析
近义实词辨析 近义词意义上的细微差别， 构词 成分——词素形成的， 分析词素 入手来辨析近义词的词义， 中不 熟悉的部分拿出来扩展为比较熟 悉的 词，然后把组好的词代入原题看是否讲得 通，即可迅速得出答案。 一、存异组词法 现代汉语中有相当一部分近义词， 它们都有 共同语素，我们在辨析这类词时，可以分两 步来进行： 1．查找异处，组成新词 这就要求我们先找出不同语素， 以这一语素 另外组词。 例 1 ：对古典诗歌的学习，不仅要做到知人 论世、沿波探源，努力挖掘出诗歌的形象与 思想，还应在反复 _________________________ 的基础上领会它 们各自的艺术风格。 （吟诵 吟颂 ） “吟诵”和“吟颂”的不同语素是“诵”和 “颂”，而这两个词词义侧重点的区别也就 诵”可以理解为 “诵 往往是由不同的 所以我们应该从 将词语 在这两个相异语素 读”“朗诵”等； , a 。“ a 颂”可以组词为“颂扬”
“歌颂”等。在组词时，要尽量组与原词词 义相近的词语，组自己熟悉的词语。 2．代入原文，得出答案 选择新组定的两组词代入所给的句子， 一组中的某个词语更 适用， 1 中，将“诵 歌颂” 分别代入 “反 中会发现， 用“颂扬” 歌颂” 显然与语境不符， 而用“诵读”“朗 读”就能讲得通，所以综合考虑后，可以确 定原句中应用“吟诵”一词，而不能用“吟 颂”。 二、分解组词法 对于两个语素都不相同的近义词， 无法进行 存异组词时，就可以采用分解组词法。 1．分解原词，得出短语 先把原词分解成两个语素，再分别组词，得 到一个与原词意义相近的短语。 例 2 ：勇往直前的汩汩泉水相信，在岁月的 过滤与涤荡下自己将永远一脉 ______________________ （ 轻盈 清莹 ） “轻盈”和“清莹”没有任何相同语素，这 若某 则表明带有这个 语素的词是正确答案。如在例 读”“朗读”和“颂扬 复 _________ 的基础 a
三个一组常见高考近义成语辨析例
常见高考近义成语辨析120例 三个一组 1．惨无人道：惨，残酷狠毒。残暴得灭绝人性。 惨绝人寰：人寰，人世。世上再没有比这更惨的。形容惨到极点。 灭绝人性: ：完全丧失人所具有的理性。形容极端残忍，象野兽一样。2．趁火打劫：趁别人有危难时去捞好处。亦作“趁火抢劫”。 浑水摸鱼：比喻乘混乱的机会攫取不正当利益。 顺手牵羊: 顺手把人家的羊牵走。比喻趁势将敌手捉住或乘机利用别人。现比喻乘机拿走别人的东西 3．心满意足：心愿满足。亦作“心满愿足”。 称心如意：完全合乎心意。亦作“趁心如意”。 正中下怀: 正合自己的心意。形容符合心意。 4．承前启后：承，承接。启，开创，引出。承接前人的，开创今后的。多用于事业、学问方面。亦作“承先启后”。 承上启下：承接上面的，引起下面的。多用在写文章方面。 继往开来：继：继承；开：开辟。继承前人的事业，开辟未来的道路。 5 外强中干：外表上好像很强大，实际上很空虚。 色厉内荏：外表强硬而内心怯懦。 外刚内柔：外表刚强而内在柔弱。同“内柔外刚”。 6．胡思乱想：不切实际地瞎想。亦作“胡思乱量”。 痴心妄想：入迷的心思，荒唐的想法。形容一味幻想不切实际的事情。 游思妄想：犹言胡思乱想。指没有根据，不切实际的瞎想。 7 重整旗鼓：比喻失败后积聚力量，重新行动。亦作“重振旗鼓”。 卷土重来：卷土，人马奔跑时扬起尘土。形容失败后组织力量，重新猛扑过来。 东山再起：指再度出任要职。也比喻失势之后又重新得势。 8．呕心沥血：形容费尽心思。褒义 处心积虑：处心，存心。积虑，积久考虑。早已千方百计地谋算。多含贬义。 挖空心思：比喻想尽一切办法。 9．深谋远虑：周密地计划，往长远里考虑。 深思熟虑：深入细致地考虑。 老谋深算：周密的筹划，深远的打算。形容人办事精明老练。 10大张旗鼓：比喻声势和规模很大。 雷厉风行：厉，猛烈。像打雷那样猛烈，像刮风那样迅速。比喻政事法令的执行严厉迅速。也比喻行事声势威猛,动作迅速。 大张声势：大造声势，扩大影响。 闻风而动：风：风声，消息。一听到风声，就立刻起来响应。 11．当仁不让：当仁，指面临仁义之事。《论语?卫灵公》：“当仁不让于师。”后泛指遇到应该做的事，积极主动去做，不退让。 义不容辞：指顾全道义而不推辞。 理所当然：当然：应当如此。按道理应当这样。 12．道貌岸然：道貌，正经严肃的外貌。岸然，高傲威严的样子。形容神态庄重严肃。现常用来形容故作正经，表里不一之状。多含讥讽之意。 一本正经：形容庄重规矩，非常认真（有时带有讽刺的意味）。 正颜厉色：颜：面容。形容板着脸，神情非常严厉。
常见近义实词辨析歌诀
常见近义实词辨析 A 心里不爽用黯然，光线不足用暗然； B 粗暴凶残用暴戾，武力强制用暴力；反击对手用报复，志向远大用抱负；报告来到用报到，新闻宣传用报道；请人原谅用包涵，包容含有用包含；突然发病用暴病，有病在身用抱病；心中不满用抱怨，报复仇恨用报怨；意外突发用暴发，力量突变用爆发；法令条例用颁布；公开发布用公布；伤心痛哭用悲痛，极度悲哀用悲恸；根本意义用本义，心里想法用本意；辨明是非用辩正，辨析考证用辩证；区分开来用辨别；真假伪劣用鉴别；发生变化用变换，不可捉摸用变幻；特征记号用标志，漂亮美丽用标致；抛弃观念用摈弃，舍弃杂念用摒弃；主观要求用必须，客观需要用必需；不愿提及用不齿，不以为耻用不耻；没有尽力用不力，无益不顺用不利；品行不好用不肖，不敬父母用不孝； C 管理财产用财务，钱财物资用财物；考虑决定用裁决；法律判决用裁定；调查案情用查访，公开访问用察访；调查询问用查询，调查寻找用查寻；四季叶绿用常青，生命旺盛用长青；一年到头用长年，经常终年用常年；现实世界用尘世；世俗之事用尘事；过时规章用陈规，行之已久用成规；恭敬送上用呈献，显露出来用呈现；发怒瞪眼用瞋目；受窘惊呆用瞠目；严辞指责用斥责，大声呵斥用叱责；传播美名用传诵，传播事迹用传颂；风俗心情用纯美，酒味歌喉用醇美；人事交往用处世，处理事务用处事；参加会议用出席；无发言权用列席；独到见解用创见，创立建造用创建；生育下来用出生，经历身份用出身；人畜皆可用伺候，对待尊长用侍候；先后顺序用次序，有条有理用秩序；稍作改动用窜改，恶意作伪用篡改； D 不求名利用淡泊，感情不浓用淡薄；大的道义用大义，大概粗心用大意；重大事项用大事，毫无忌惮用大肆；已付定钱用定金，未付定钱用订金；花去时间用度过，水面空间用渡过； E 以后然后用而后，从此以后用尔后；阻遏控制用遏制，力促停止用遏止； F 法律制度用法制，依法治理用法治；精神振作用发奋，被激努力用发愤；来回翻动用翻覆，多次重复用反复；不论何事用凡事，总括一切用凡是；告诉别人用反映，相应结果用反应；言行荒诞用放诞，行为放纵用放荡；辨别区分用分辨，辩白解释用分辩；违背触犯用违犯，不遵纪律用违反；停止法令用废止，搁置不用用废置；流行习惯用风气；高尚风气用风尚；财物充裕用富裕，足够有余用富余；扶助平辈用扶养，扶助晚辈用抚养；附和提议用附议，重新讨论用复议；军人退伍用复员，恢复原样用复原；拿出交给用付与，尊长交给用赋予；心里舒服用伏贴，顺从稳妥用服帖；学识浅薄用肤浅，思想浅薄用浮浅；依法处死用伏法，认罪就可用服法；移情别恋用负心，要害亲近用心腹；爱护培养用抚育，精心喂养用哺育； G 数量极少用个别，各不相同用各别；占用时间用工夫，本领造诣用功夫；作用效能用功效，工作效率用工效；供奉仙祖用供品，上呈之物用贡品；双方联通用沟通，暗中勾结用勾通；注意照顾用顾及，有所顾虑用顾忌；连通通过用贯穿，从头至尾用贯串；改变看法用刮目；畏惧害怕用侧目；
同义近义成语辨析
同义近义成语辨析 1、哑口无言：说不出话的原因是理屈。张口结舌：说不出话的原因除了理屈，还可能是紧张或害怕。 2、信口开河：指毫无根据的随嘴乱说。信口雌黄：指不顾事实的随意乱说。 3、处心积虑：蓄谋已久，含贬义；千方百计：想尽一切办法，中性词。 4、深思熟虑：细致周到的考虑。深谋远虑：计划的周密，考虑的长远。 5、笑容满面：形容脸上流露出快乐、和悦的样子，多用于表一般性的喜悦。春风满面：形容满脸流露着愉快、得意的样子，侧重于得意心情 6、心满意足：感到心里非常满足。如愿以偿：按照自己的愿望得到了满足。 7、休戚与共：祸患、利害、忧乐彼此共同承受，有同甘共苦的意思。休戚相关：祸患、利害、忧乐相互关联，形容彼此关系密切，但无"同甘共苦"的意思。 8、言不由衷：话不是由内心发出的，形容虚伪敷衍，不说真心话。口是心非：嘴上说的是一套，心里想的却是另一套，形容心口不一。前者侧重一时的应付，虚伪程度轻；后者纯属有意欺骗，虚伪程度较重。 9、扬长避短：发扬自己之长，避开自己之短。取长补短：可以指取此物之长，补他物之短，也可以指取他人之长，补自己之短。前者重在"避"，后者重在"补"。 10、养痈遗患：长了痈疽，但怕痛不割除，终于留下大祸，多用来比喻由于无原则的宽容而留下灾祸。姑息养奸：无原则的宽容，助长了坏人坏事。前着的语意比后者重。 11、咬文嚼字：形容过分斟酌字句而死抠字眼，多指读死书而忽视对整体内容的理解，也可用在讲话时过分推敲字句以炫耀自己，略带贬义。字斟句酌：指对字句反复推敲琢磨，多半用来称赞人讲话或写文章，在语言上认真推敲，也可用来读文章时对语言的仔细品味。 近义成语辨析 1、参差不齐良莠不齐 二者都指"不整齐"。用于人，前者指水平不一，后者指好人坏人本质有别；用于物，前者指高低长短大小不一；后者指好事坏事混在一起。如： ①校园里的花草，长得参差不齐。 ②改革开放时期，在某些方面出现一些良莠不齐的现象是在所难免的。 2、步履维艰寸步难行 二者都可指行走十分困难。但前者一般只用于老年人或有病的人；后者常比喻处境困 难。如： ①我爷爷今年八十多岁了，又因为有病，走起路来显得步履维艰。 ②日本鬼子被我们的游击战、地道战打得寸步难行。 3、耸人听闻骇人听闻 前者指故意夸大或捏造事实使听者震惊；后者指事件本身使人听了非常吃惊害怕。如： ①许多资产阶级报纸为了推广销路，经常刊登一些耸人听闻的消息，吸引读者。 ②新闻媒介披露了同一天同幢楼里发生的两起凶杀抢劫案，真是骇人听闻啊! 4、如虎添翼为虎添翼 前者指使强的更强，一般用于人或组织，带褒义；后者则比喻给恶人做帮凶，助
常见近义成语辨析100例
常见近义成语辨析100例 1．惨无人道：惨，残酷狠毒。残暴得灭绝人性。//惨绝人寰：人寰，人世。世上再没有比这更惨的。形容惨到极点。 2．趁火打劫：趁别人有危难时去捞好处。亦作“趁火抢劫”。//浑水摸鱼：比喻乘混乱的机会攫取不正当利益。 3．心满意足：心愿满足。亦作“心满愿足”。//称心如意：完全合乎心意。亦作“趁心如意”。4．承前启后：承，承接。启，开创，引出。承接前人的，开创今后的。多用于事业、学问方面。亦作“承先启后”。//承上启下：接续上面的并引起下面的（多用于写作等）。 5．三五成群：三个五个结成一群。//成群结队：聚集到一起，结成一群一伙。亦作“成群结伙”。 6．胡思乱想：不切实际地瞎想。亦作“胡思乱量”。//痴心妄想：入迷的心思，荒唐的想法。形容一味幻想不切实际的事情。 7．重整旗鼓：比喻失败后积聚力量，重新行动。亦作“重振旗鼓”。//卷土重来：卷土，人马奔跑时扬起尘土。形容失败后组织力量，重新猛扑过来。 8．呕心沥血：形容费尽心思。//处心积虑：处心，存心。积虑，积久考虑。早已千方百计地谋算。多含贬义。 9．粗心大意：做事不细心，马虎。//粗枝大叶：指文字或话语简略概括，也指做事不认真，不细心，马虎大意。 10．大张旗鼓：比喻声势和规模很大。//雷厉风行：厉，猛烈。像打雷那样猛烈，像刮风那样迅速。比喻政事法令的执行严厉迅速。也比喻行事声势威猛,动作迅速。 11．当仁不让：当仁，指面临仁义之事。《论语?卫灵公》：“当仁不让于师。”后泛指遇到应该做的事，积极主动去做，不退让。//义不容辞：指顾全道义而不推辞。 12．道貌岸然：道貌，正经严肃的外貌。岸然，高傲威严的样子。形容神态庄重严肃。现常用来形容故作正经，表里不一之状。多含讥讽之意。//一本正经：形容庄重规矩，非常认真（有时带有讽刺的意味）。 13．一视同仁：同样看待，不分厚薄。多用于指人。//等量齐观：等，同等。齐，一样。不管事物间的差异，同等看待。多用于指物。 14．牢不可破：牢固得不可摧毁，不可动摇。形容异常坚固。//颠扑不破：颠，跌。扑，敲。无论怎样倾跌敲打都不会破损。比喻理论正确，无法驳倒推翻。 15．死灰复燃：死灰，烧余的灰烬。比喻已经停息的事物又重新活动起来（多指坏事）。//东山再起：比喻失势之后，重新恢复地位。亦作“东山复起”。 16．洞若观火：形容看得清楚明白。//了如指掌：形容对情况非常清楚，好像指着自己的手掌给人看。亦作“了若指掌”。 17．标新立异：原谓特创新意，立论与众不同。后多指提出新奇主张或创造出新奇的式样。//独树一帜：单独树起一面旗帜。比喻自成一家。 18．耳濡目染：形容见得多听得多了之后，无形之中受到影响。//耳闻目睹：亲自听到和看到的。 19．翻天覆地：①形容变化巨大而彻底。②形容闹得很凶。亦作“覆地翻天”。//天翻地覆：覆，翻，翻过来。比喻急剧的变化。 20．翻云覆雨：比喻反复无常，玩弄手段和权术。//朝三暮四：多用以比喻反复无常，变来变去。//朝秦暮楚：比喻反复无常。亦比喻行踪不定，早晨在此地，晚上到彼地。 21．烟消云散：比喻事物消失净尽。亦作“云消雾散”。//风流云散：风吹云散，踪迹全消。比喻原常相聚的人飘零离散。亦作“风流雨散”。 22．风平浪静：没有风浪，水面很平静。比喻平静无事。亦作“风静浪平”。//一帆风顺：船挂满帆，顺风行驶。比喻非常顺利，毫无挫折或阻碍。
近义成语辨析35306电子教案
一、意义轻重不同。 1.自以为是自命不凡都含有“认为自己正确”的意思。但前者是指主观不虚心，语意较轻；后者是自以为了不起，比别人高明，语意较重。 2.惨无人道惨绝人寰形容狠毒残酷。前者指非常凶狠，毫无人道。后者指世上没有比这更悲惨的事了。语意较重。 3.暗箭伤人含沙射影都比喻暗中诽谤、攻击或陷害别人。但使用的手段有差别：前者指暗地里用某种手段伤害别人，程度比后者重，后者的手段多是语言，并还有影射某人或某事之意。（指桑骂槐） 4.捕风捉影无中生有都有凭空捏造之意。但前者重在没有事实根据，后者重在本来没有，语气较重。 5.独断专行专横拔扈一意孤行都有不考虑别人的意见，办事主观蛮干之意。但前者有蛮横、霸道之意，语意较重。一般只用于掌权者；中者和后者，多形容缺乏民主作风，语义较轻，而且不限于当权者，一般人也可用，范围较宽。 6.疾恶如仇深恶痛绝都含有厌恶、憎恨之意。如仇，如同仇敌。痛绝，厌恶、憎恨到了极点。后者语意较重。 7.魂不守舍失魂落魄都可形容精神恍惚的样子。前者可形容精神不集中；后者重在形容惊慌异常或因受强烈刺激而行动失常，语义较重。 8.荒诞不经荒诞无稽荒谬绝伦都表示荒唐、不可信之意。但不经指不正常，不近情理；无稽指无法考查，绝伦指超出同类，没有可以相比的，后者语意最重。 9. 爱财如命一毛不拔都形容极其吝啬，但前者偏重于性格上的吝啬，语意重，后者偏重于行为上的自私吝啬，语意轻。 二、意义侧重点不同 1.称心如意心满意足都有如愿以偿，适合自己心意的意思，不同点是前者侧重在称心，后者侧重在满意。 2.苟且偷安苟且偷生都含有得过且过，保持现状的意思。不同点是前者偏重在贪图安逸，后者偏重在贪图生存。 3.安分守己随遇而安都有规矩老实之意，前者侧重于规矩老实，后者侧重于拘守成规，不敢变易。 4.包办代替越俎代疱都有包办之意。但前者重在包办，后者重在超越权限。 5.半途而废浅尝辄止都有没有完成之意。前者侧重于中途停止，有惋惜之意；后者侧重“浅”，没有深入。 6.不由自主情不自禁都有控制不住自己的意思。前者侧重下意识，以及环境的影响。后者形容热情奔放，心情无比兴奋和激动时才用。 三、范围大小不同 1.汗牛充栋数不胜数都可以形容事物多。前者只能形容书籍很多，范围小；而后者可以泛指任何事物的数量多。范围大。 2.食古不化食而不化都有没有很好地消化已经学过的知识。前者指学习古代的知识，范围小；而后者既可以指古代的，也可以拽现代的，范围大。 3.安之若素随遇而安都有对环境遭遇不在意之意。前者多指面对不顺利的境况，仍能像平常一样，范围小；后者强调在任何环境中都安然自得，感到满足，也有安于现状，得过且过之意。 4.咄咄逼人盛气凌人都能形容气势汹汹，使人难堪。俚前者的应用范围广，不限用于人，还
实词近义词辨析
正确使用词语——近义词辨析 考纲解读： 1.近义词辨析，是重点也是难点。主要包括名词、动词、形容词、数词、量词和代词六类，重点考查动词、名词和形容词。 2.所谓“正确使用”，一是能正确理解词语在具体的语言环境中的意义，二是能根据语言环境准确恰当地使用词语。 3.近年来，对实词的考查主要集中子啊对近义词和同音词的辨析和使用上。 突破方法： 一、从近义实词的意义方面辨析 【例1】在休斯敦火箭队________(效劳/效力)的姚明，出席“护鲨行动从我做起”的活动时说：“今后，本人在任何情况下都拒绝食用鱼翅。” 【例2】近年来我国煤炭企业重大事故不断，给国家和个人造成了巨大的损失，有关责任人必须对此进行________(反思/反省)，深刻认识问题的严重性。 [解析] ： 【例1】效劳、效力都有出力服务的意思，但“效劳”程度要重一些。姚明是中国人，休斯敦火箭队是美国的一支球队，用“效力”更符合实际情况。 【例2】“反思”指“思考过去的事情，从中总结经验教训”，而“反省”指“回想自己的思想行动，检查其中的错误”，从程度上说“反省”的力度更大一些，情况更严重一些。根据“企业重大事故不断”“深刻认识问题的严重性”选出正确答案为“反省”。 （一）归纳：辨析词义的轻重。 一组词的意义基本相同，但是有的表示的程度深，语义重；有的程度浅，语义轻。词义的轻重一般是同义的动词、形容词表现出来的一种意义上的差别。 举例：比如“嘲笑”与“讥笑”，前者是一般意义上的取笑，语义比较轻；后者则是带有讽刺、挖苦意味的取笑，语义较重。如“请求”“恳求”，二者都是“请求对方”的意思，但“恳求”表现了态度的诚恳，词义较重。再如，“功劳”与“功勋”、“称赞”与“嘉奖”、“惹事”与“肇事”在词义轻重方面都有较明显的区别，考生只要留心词义的轻重差别，便能够准确地辨析和选用近义实词。 【例1】寺院里有两棵银杏树，枝繁叶茂的，看上去它们的要有千岁。 【例2】你这把了还带头干活，我们这帮小青年哪敢怠慢啊！ （A年纪B年龄） [解析] ： 年纪，只用于人，多用于老人；年龄，可以用于人，也可以用于物，范围大。 （二）归纳：辨析词义的范围 在一组近义词中，有的词语适用范围大些，有的则小些；有的概括的是事物的总的方面，
常见近义成语辨析
常见近义成语辨析 爱财如命一毛不拔都形容极其吝啬。异：前者偏重于性格上的吝啬，语意重。后者偏重于行为上的自私吝啬，语意轻一些。 爱憎分明泾渭分明都有“界限清楚”的意思。异：前者专指思想感情的爱与恨。后者多指人或事的好坏显然不同。 安分守己循规蹈矩都有“规矩老实”的意思。异：前者偏重于本分，不胡来。后者偏重在拘守成规，不敢变易。 安之若素随遇而安都能表示“对任何遭遇都不在意”的意思。异：前者多指处于困境．仍能跟往常一样(素：平日、往常)。后者强调能适应任何环境。 暗箭伤人含沙射影都比喻暗中诽谤、攻击或陷害别人。但使用的手段有差别，前者使用的手段包括语言、行动，比“含沙射影”重。后者的手段只是语言，并有影射某人某事的意思。 按部就班循序渐进都有“遵循一定的程序”的意思。异：前者强调按一定步骤和规矩、部、班、门类、次序。后者强调逐渐深入或提高。 八面玲珑面面俱到都有“对各方面应付得很周到”的意思。有时可通用。异：前者多含贬义，偏重于处事手腕圆滑。后者是中性，偏重于“应付得十分周到”。 跋山涉水风尘仆仆风餐露宿都有“旅途辛苦”之意。异：前者重在远行艰辛。“风尘仆仆”重在长途奔波忙碌。后者重在强调野外食宿艰难。 百依百顺唯命是从都有“怎么说就怎么做”的意思。异：前者含有由于感情的爱而表现出来的顺从。后者有贬义，多用于上下级之间。 半斤八两势均力敌都有“彼此一样，不分上下”之意。异：前者强调水平相等。后者偏重力量相等。 半途而废浅尝辄止都有“中途停止”之意。前者偏重在“半”，中途停止，有惋惜之意。后者偏重在“浅”，不深入。辄：就。 包办代替越俎代庖都有“包办”之意。前者重在“包办”。后者重在“超越权限”。 抱残守缺故步自封墨守成规都有“因循守旧”的意思。异：“抱残守缺”偏重在不肯接受新事物；“故步自封”偏重在不求进取；“墨守成规”偏重在按规矩办事。 包罗万象应有尽有二者都有“内容丰富·一切都有”的意思。前者是无所不包，是就内涵而言，是从整体说的，其所包丰富繁杂。后者是无所不有，就备有、陈列而言的，是从个体说的。 卑躬屈膝奴颜婢膝奴颜媚骨都有“向别人讨好”的意思，有时可以通用。但前二者偏重在“奴气”；后者偏重在“奴性”。 本末倒置舍本逐末都有“主次关系处理不当”的意思。但前者强调把主次关系颠倒了。后者重在丢掉主要的，追求次要的。 标新立异独树一帜都有“自成一套，提出的主张与众不同”的意思。异：前者偏重在显示特点。后者偏重在创造出独特风格或另外开创局面，多含褒义。 别具一格别开生面都有“与众不同，给人一种新的印象、新的感觉”的意思。异：前者偏重在“格”，表示“风格”、“样子”与众不同，一般用于文艺创作和某些事物。后者偏重在“生面”，表示新的“局面”或“形式”，适用范围较广。 彬彬有礼文质彬彬温文尔雅都可形容人态度温和、举动斯文。异：前者偏重在对人有礼貌。后二者不仅形容人举止文雅，而且可以形容人的气质。 病入膏肓不可救药都表病情严重，无法医治。异：前者偏重在“病”，比喻病情严重到了不可挽救的地步。后者偏重在“救药”，强调无法挽救。 博闻强志见多识广都含有“见识广”的意思。异：前者偏重在见闻广博，知识面宽，记忆力强，只用于书面语。后者偏重于阅历多，多用于口语。 捕风捉影无中生有都含“凭空捏造”之意。异：前者偏重在没有事实根据。后者偏重在本来没有，语气较重。 不刊之论不易之论都有“不能改变”之意。异：但前者强调不可磨灭，不可更改(刊：消除，删改)。后者重在论断正确，不可改变。
常见近义成语辨析
6 前车之鉴：比喻当作鉴戒的前人的失败教训。名词性短语。 79．敲诈勒索：依仗势力或用威胁、欺骗手段，索取财物。巧取豪夺：指用巧妙的手段骗取或凭武力强夺他人的财物。 80．聚精会神：会，集中。集中精神；集中注意力。全神贯注：贯注，集中在一起。形容全副精神高度集中。 81．一心一意：心思意念专一。一般作谓语。全心全意：用全部精力。一般作状语。 82．煞费苦心：形容费尽心思。挖空心思：形容费尽心机，想尽办法。多含贬义。 83．本末倒置：本，树根。末，树梢。置，放。比喻颠倒了事物的主次轻重。舍本逐末：舍去事物根本的主要的部分，而去追求细枝末节。形容轻重倒置。 84．深谋远虑：周密地计划，往长远里考虑。深思熟虑：深入细致地考虑。 85．神采奕奕：精神旺盛，容貌焕发。神采飞扬：脸上的神态焕发有神。 86．生气勃勃：勃勃，精神旺盛的样子。生命力强，富有朝气。多用于指人。生机勃勃：很有活力，很有生命力。多用于指事物。 87．龙腾虎跃：形容威武雄壮，非常活跃。生龙活虎：像很有生气的蛟龙和富有活力的猛虎。比喻活泼矫健，生气勃勃。 88．盛气凌人：傲慢的气势逼人。咄咄逼人：形容气势汹汹，盛气凌人。 89．手无寸铁：形容手里没有任何武器。赤手空拳：形容两手空空，没有任何可以凭借的东西。 90．束手无策：
形容遇到问题毫无解决的办法。手足无措：手足无处安放，形容没有办法，不知如何才好。常用于形容举止慌乱。 91．视若无睹：虽然看了却像没有看见一样。形容对眼前事物漠不关心。熟视无睹：指对客观事物不关心，虽然经常看见，还跟没有看见一样。 92．置之不理：放在一边儿不理不睬。束之高阁：比喻扔在一边，不去用它或管它。 93．因势利导：顺着事物的发展趋势加以引导。顺水推舟：比喻顺应情势说话办事。 94．耸人听闻：故意说夸大或惊奇的话，使人震惊。骇人听闻：使人听了非常吃惊（多指社会上发生的坏事）。 95．随波逐流：比喻自己没有立场和主见，只是随着潮流走。同流合污：随着坏人一起做坏事。96．悠然自得：形容心情悠闲自足，神态从容的样子。泰然自若：形容镇定，毫不在意的样子。每个学生都应该用的“ 超级学习笔记” 7 97．忐忑不安：心虚不定的意思。七上八下：比喻心情不安。 98．头头是道：形容说话做事有条有理。天花乱坠：比喻说话有声有色，非常动听（多指夸大或不切实际的）。 99．天经地义：经，常规，原则。义，正理。指非常正确，不容置疑的道理。理所当然：从道理上说应当这样。 100．截然不同：形容事物之间毫无共同之处。天渊之别：比喻差别极大。每个学生都应该用的“ 超级学习笔记”
近义成语辨析1
“近义成语”辨析（一） 1 “唉声叹气”与“长吁短叹” [解释] 唉声叹气：因伤感郁闷或悲痛而发出叹息的声音。 长吁短叹：因伤感、烦闷、痛苦等不住地唉声叹气。（长一声、短一声不住地叹气）。形容发愁的神情。 [辨析] 这两个成语都有“（心里感到不痛快而）呼气出声”的意思，但有区别。 “唉声叹气”是“（因伤感、烦闷或痛苦而）发出深深叹息”的意思。“长吁短叹”的“吁”是“叹气”。整个成语是“长一声短一声地（不停）叹气”的意思。主要区别在用法上：“长吁短叹”后边可以用表示动量或表示时间的数量词作补语（例8例9例13）、“唉声叹气”则一般不这么用。 [举例] ①“唉唉，大千户啊！”更登往前靠近两步，长吁短叹了两声。（杨友德《俄洛天刚亮》） ②他考虑了好久，何去何从……里约热内庐？纽约？长吁短叹了好几个月。（徐迟《牡丹》） 2爱不释手，手不释卷 [解释] 爱不释手：谓喜欢得舍不得放手。 手不释卷：释：放下；卷：指书籍。书本不离手。形容勤奋好学。 [辨析] 爱不释手可用于能拿到的一切东西；“手不释卷”只用于书，且含有“勤奋好学”之意。[举例] ①国务院总理李克强肯定创建24小时不打烊书店这一创意，指出这是对“全民阅读”活动的生动践行，希望三联韬奋书店把24小时不打烊书店打造成为城市的精神地标，让不眠灯光引领手不释卷蔚然成风。 3爱财如命一毛不拔 [解释] 爱财如命：爱：爱惜，舍不得。把钱财看得跟生命一样重要。比喻过分贪财，非常吝啬。一毛不拔：连一根汗毛也不肯拔出来.形容为人十分吝啬;自私。 [辨析] “一毛不拔”和“爱财如命”都形容极其吝啬。不同在于爱财如命偏重于人的性格；“一毛不拔”偏重于人的行为。“一毛不拔”只是形容一个人极度自私，什么东西都不愿拿出来给别人分享，而“爱财如命”含有贪婪的意味，自私的意味较淡。. [举例] 有人形象地说：蒋、阎对张学良的争取好象一场市侩流氓与乡间土财主的竞争，爱财如命的土财主，一毛不拔，讨价还价，最后只答应酬谢一万大洋，自然胜不过敢下赌注的市侩流氓。一般来说，摩羯座的人，爱财如命，为了钱财他们会拼命的工作，即使付出自己的健康也在所不惜。在他们看来省钱、攒钱，就是为了以后的突发情况买的保险。 金牛座的人，一毛不拔，他们的原则就是，能少花钱就少花钱，能不花钱就不花钱。如果欠他一块钱他见了你也许会用一种哀怨的眼神看你。
2016年高考模拟近义成语辨析题汇编
2016年高考模拟近义成语题汇编 1.依次填入下列各句横线处的成语，最恰当的一组是（）（3分） ①一旦独立地投入严峻的生活，中学生的浪漫情调很快就________ 。 ②想到众兄弟就要________ ，他不免一番悲戚。 ③偌大的城市想找个人，如同 ________ ，今天竟在街头无意中碰上了。 ④以雪填井，画饼充饥，种种愚昧无知的行为无异于________ 。 A风流云散烟消云散海底捞针海底捞月 B．烟消云散风流云散海底捞月海底捞针 C烟消云散风流云散海底捞针海底捞月 D．风流云散烟消云散海底捞月海底捞针 2.依次填入下列各句横线处的成语，最恰当的一项是（）（3分） ①政府内部离心离德，已经“变天”的国会处处作梗，任期尚有两年的奥巴马急欲留下政绩，不仅迄今乏善可陈，倒显出 ________ 的窘境。 ②在这年夏季反“扫荡”战役中，盐阜、苏中区军民在新四军军部的统一指挥下，多点开花，密切配合，使敌________ ，对粉粹敌之“扫荡”起到决定作用。 ③面对网上第三方支付、P2P网络众筹融资、新型电子货币等金融互联网新模式，《巴塞尔Ⅲ》所确立的金融监管法律制度显得有些 ________。 A. 左支右绌捉襟见肘顾此失彼 B. 顾此失彼捉襟见肘左支右绌 C. 捉襟见肘左支右绌顾此失彼 D. 左支右绌顾此失彼捉襟见肘 3.依次填入下列各句横线处的词语，最恰当的的一组是（3分） ①“古有柳敬亭，今有袁阔成”，袁阔成先生将《三国》讲活了，他那________ 的讲解将人们带进了那个波澜壮阔的历史时代，也带进了他细腻丰富的内心世界。 ②演员必须自己内心冷静，才能表现所扮角色的热烈情感，他先得学会不“动于衷”，才能 ________ ，才能把角色的喜怒哀乐生动地“形之于外”。 ③许昌春秋楼关圣殿正中为高13米、号称亚洲最大的室内关羽神像，关公手捋长髯，微合二目，夜读《春秋》，宝相庄严，________ 。 A．惟妙惟肖栩栩如生绘声绘色 B．绘声绘色惟妙惟肖栩栩如生 C．栩栩如生惟妙惟肖绘声绘色 D．绘声绘色栩栩如生惟妙惟肖 4.依次填人下列各句横线处的成语，最恰当的一组是(3分) ①有些省份的中小学暑期培训班星罗棋布、水平参差不齐，对那些无证无良的, ________ 骗钱的，偷漏税款的，市场监管部门应毫不手软地打击取缔。 ②至于在反腐败中落马的“裸官”，在贪腐时亦________ ，将贪腐得来的钱财转移到海外，以供家属挥霍。可见，治理“裸官”是反腐课题里不可或缺的组成部分。 ③部分高校提高学费的理由是“培养学生的成本上升”，看上去 ________。可是，众所周知，近年来，高校固定资产建设投入过多才是经费紧张的最大原因。 A．冠冕堂皇肆无忌惮明火执仗 B．肆无忌惮冠冕堂皇明火执仗 C．明火执仗肆无忌惮冠冕堂皇 D．冠冕堂皇明火执仗肆无忌惮 5.依次填入下列各句横线处的成语，最恰当的一组是（）（3分） ①在《魂断蓝桥》中，罗伊和马拉在前往教堂结婚的路上，才互相问了名字。一切看似那么________，但却是那么合情合理。
常见近义成语辨析100例
常见近义成语辨析100例 1．【安分守己循规蹈矩】都有“守本分，不越轨”的意思。异：前者偏重于守本分，不为非作乱；后者偏重在拘守成规，不轻举妄动。 2．【按部就班循序渐进】都有“按照一定的步骤、顺序进行”的意思。异：前者强调按一定步骤和规矩(部、班：门类，次序)，后者强调逐渐深入或提高；前者强调“条理”，后者突出“逐渐”；前者多用于工作、计划，后者多用于学习、训练。 3．【百依百顺唯命是从】都有“绝对服从”的意思。异：前者是由于感情上的爱而表现出来的顺从；后者有贬义，多用于上下级之间。 4．【半途而废浅尝辄止】都有“做事没有到底”之意。异：前者偏重在“中途停止”，有惋惜之意；后者偏重在“不深入”。 5．【抱残守缺故步自封墨守成规】都有“因循守旧”的意思。异：“抱残守缺”偏重在不肯接受新事物；“故步自封”偏重在不求进取；“墨守成规”偏重在按老规矩办事。6．【本末倒置舍本逐末】都有“主次关系处理不当”的意思。但前者强调把主次关系颠倒了；后者重在丢掉主要的，追求次要的。 7．【标新立异独树一帜】都有“自成一套，提出的主张与众不同”的意思。异：前者偏重在显示特点；后者偏重在创造出独特风格或另外开创局面，多含褒义。 8．【别具一格别开生面】都有“与众不同，给人一种新的印象、新的感觉”的意思。异：前者偏重在“格”，表示“风格”、“样子”与众不同，一般用于文艺创作和某些事物；后者偏重在“生面”，表示新的“局面”或“形式”，适用范围较广。 9．【彬彬有礼文质彬彬】都“形容人态度温和、举动斯文”。异：前者偏重在对人有礼貌；后者不仅形容人举止文雅，而且可以形容人的气质。 10．【博闻强志见多识广】都含有“见识广”的意思。异：前者偏重在见闻广博，知识面宽，记忆力强，只用于书面语；后者偏重于阅历多，多用于口语。 11．【捕风捉影道听途说】都含“言语等无根据，不可靠”之意。异：前者偏重在“毫无事实根据，凭空捏造”，语气较重；后者偏重在“根据不足，不可靠”，语气较轻。12．【不共戴天势不两立】都有“不能共存”的意思。异：前者只用于人；后者既可用于人，也可用于事物。前者多作定语，也可作谓语；而后者主要作谓语。 13．【不拘一格无拘无束】都有“不受约束”的意思。异：前者指规格或方式不限于一种，后者是指人的言行自由自在，不受约束。 14．【不堪设想不可思议】都有“不可想像”的意思。异：前者适用的对象是严重的不良的后果，后者适用的对象是奇妙的事物或深奥的、不可理解的事物或道理。 15．【不谋而合不约而同】都有“事先没有商量而彼此见解或行动一致”的意思。异：前者多指见解、主张一致，后者多指行动一致。 16．【不胜枚举不可胜数】都有“非常多”的意思。异：前者形容同类事物很多；后者是形容数量多，没法数。 17．【不识抬举不识好歹】表不理解别人对自己的好意。异：前者含有不珍视别人对自己的器重、称赞、提拔；后者表示不懂得别人对自己的好意。 18．【不闻不问漠不关心】都有“冷漠，不关心“之意。异：前者重在行动，后者重在态度。 19．【不翼而飞不胫而走】都有“消息、言论等传布迅速”的意思。异：前者还有指“东西突然不见”的意思，且多用此义；而后者只有“消息、言论等传布迅速”的意思。20．【惨绝人寰惨无人道】都有“狠毒残暴”之意。异：前者语义重，强调人世间从没见过的惨痛，不能用来形容人；后者强调无人性，不讲理，常用来形容人。