2008年6月研究生学位英语真题及答案

GET (2008-6)

PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )

Section A (0.5 point each)

21. Some scientists are trying to eliminate malaria by developing a GM mosquito that can't transmit the

disease.

A. remove

B. fabricate

C. enhance

D. utilize

22. A tall building is usually equipped with several elevators, so it doesn't matter if one of them is out of

order.

A. in a mess

B. in bad condition

C. in short supply

D. in a hurry

23. As the train service had been suspended, thousands of people had to wait for days at the station.

A. elevated slightly

B. cancelled completely

C. delayed frequently

D. stopped temporarily

24. We can learn about the hazards of hunting big game in stories about their ancestors.

A. adventures

B. pleasures

C. dangers

D. consequences

25. Novel drugs developed through biotechnologies can be expected to deliver a better effect.

A. distribute

B. produce

C. liberate

D. express

26. The price of housing varies with demand, and the same rule seems to hold for automobiles.

A. contain

B. fasten

C. grasp

D. apply

27. Some people are skeptical about the validity of Aristotle's argument that man is by nature a political

animal.

A. efficiency

B. soundness

C. availability

D. contribution

28. Heart-broken and desperate, she was determined to leave this family for good.

A. permanently

B. alternatively

C. temporarily

D. desirably

29. It is generally believed that money can always bring happiness, but studies and surveys have proved

that this is a myth.

A. fairy tale

B. absolute myth

C. mistaken idea

D. big controversy

30. The sight of these soldiers toiling along the expressway was extremely touching to a tender heart.

A. sympathetic

B. mild

C. concerned

D. feeble

Section B (0.5 point each)

31. Students of English are advised to try to ___________the meaning of a new word from the context.

A. turn out

B. figure out

C. look out

D. put out

32. The drastic changes that have taken place in China have won worldwide __________.

A. identification

B. realization

C. admission

D. recognition

33. Bill Clinton rose to prominence after he was elected ________ of Arkansas at age 32 in 1978.

A. president

B. secretary

C. governor

D. premier

34. The finding of this experiment is __________ with what was previously reported.

A. consistent

B. constant

C. coherent

D. competent

35. However, the nature of online ________ is such that we tend to be more honest, more intimate.

A. interruptions

B. interpretations

C. imaginations

D. interactions

36. Reading extensively can broaden our vision and extend our life into a new _________.

A. perspective

B. hierarchy

C. layer

D. dimension

37. I was quite _______ to find my test score well below that of my tablemate.

A. fascinated

B. dismayed

C. amused

D. convinced

38. An earthquake of 8- _________ struck some parts of this province, causing a death toll of over 30,000.

A. altitude

B. aptitude

C. magnitude

D. gratitude

39. Both linguists and psychologists are eager to learn more about the process of language ________.

A. acquisition

B. attainment

C. possession

D. fulfillment

40. An overseas market with a great growth potential is not easy to _________.

A. break down

B. break up

C. break through

D. break into

PART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)

According to the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), car crashes are the leading cause of death among children 41 5 and 14 years of age. Says NHTSA: "Over 50% of children who die in crashes are 42 by safety devices. 43 , 4 out of 5 children are improperly restrained."

The NHTSA offers a number of safety tips and 44 for those who are accompanied by children while driving. Although laws 45 from country to country and even from state to state, these guidelines may 46 food for thought to many parents and guardians of children. Please check your local laws and do 47 you can to keep your precious baby safe.

The safest place for all children is in the back seat. Infants should be 48 in a rear-facing safety seat in the backseat of the car. A child at least a year old and 49 at least 20 pounds may be placed in a forward-facing seat. At 40 pounds, the child can use a "booster seat", which is secured by one of the car's lap and shoulder 50 . At approximately 80 pounds and a height of about four feet nine inches, the child may begin using an adult safety belt.

41. A. at B. between C. for D. about

42. A. bound B. undefined C. unrestrained D. inhibited

43. A. Of course B. On contrary C. Nevertheless D. In addition

44. A. cautions B. forms C. notes D. concepts

45. A. work B. vary C. enforce D. affect

46. A. give way B. differ from C. serve as D. deal with

47. A. whatever B. whichever C. that D. which

48. A. tied B. stuck C. surrounded D. placed

49. A. weight B. weighted C. weigh D. weighing

50. A. stripes B. belts C. ribbons D. bows

PART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)

Passage One

Americans are more socially isolated than they were 20 years ago, separated by work, commuting and the single life, researchers reported on Friday.

Nearly a quarter of people surveyed said they had "zero" close friends with whom to discuss personal matters. More than 50 percent named two or fewer confidants, the researchers said.

“This is a big social change, and it indicates something that's not good for our society,”said Duke University Professor Lynn Smith-Lovin. Smith-Lovin's group used data from a national survey of 1,500 American adults that has been ongoing since 1972.

She said it indicated people had a surprising drop in the number of close friends since 1985. At that time, Americans most commonly said they had three close friends whom they had known for a long time, saw often, and with whom they shared a number of interests. They were almost as likely to name four or five friends, and the relationships often sprang from their neighborhoods or communities.

Ties to a close network of friends create a social safely net that is good for society. Research has also linked social support and civic participation to a longer life, Smith-Lovin said.

The data also show the social isolation trend mirrors other class divides: Non-whites Americans and the highly educated. That means that in daily life, personal emergencies and national disasters such as Hurricane Katrina, those with the lowest resources also have the lowest personal friends to call for advice and assistance.

"It's one thing to know someone and exchange e-mails with them. It's another thing to say, …Will you give me a ride out of town with all of my possessions and pets? And can I stay with you for a couple or three months??” Smith-Lovin said.

"Worrying about social isolation is not a matter of remembering a warm past. Real things are strongly connected with that," added Harvard University Public Policy Professor Robert Putnam. He suggested flexible work schedules would allow Americans to tend both personal and professional lives.

51. One reason for the social isolation of Americans is ________.

A. frequent relocation

B. frequent traveling

C. living alone

D. working flexible hours

52. The percentage of people with more than two close friends is about________.

A. 25%

B. 50%

C. 60%

D. 75%

53. According to the passage, close social ties among people are_______.

A. a must for social progress

B. beneficial for the family

C. a source of happiness

D. good for people's health

54. It is implied that ________ tend to live a more socially isolated life.

A. people in the higher social ladder

B. people in the lower social ladder

C. people with a longer life span

D. people with a shorter life span

55. According to Robert Putnam, ________.

A. it is useless to worrying about social isolation

B. social isolation is not necessarily bad for us

C. it is time to do something about social isolation

D. social isolation does not mean the end of society

56. The passage is focused on _________.

A. the new trend in American social life

B. the urban problems in modem society

C. the ways to build a strong social network

D. the reasons for close interpersonal relationships

Passage Two

For years, France proudly resisted establishing domestic smoking bans. It held out longer than Britain, Spain and Italy, but on January 2, 2008, it finally forbid cigarettes in bars, cafes, restaurants and clubs.

This was not a decision taken lightly. Magazines ran photo-spreads reminding us that French people look seriously cool with a cigar in their mouth. There were illustrations of Charles de Gaulle, the French president during World War II, Brigitte Bardot the 1950s famous fashionist, and the famous French philosopher and writer, Jean-Paul Sartre. Even the present President Nicolas Sarkozy, extremely image-conscious, posed for Paris Match magazine with a fat cigar.

But now, France's traditional “cafe-clope” (morning coffee and cigarette) is only possible if people can bear the freezing temperatures outside.

In the latter part of the 20th century, the health risks of second-bend tobacco smoke were made public. Then, in 1975, a modern wave of smoking bans started in Minnesota, the US. Since then, many countries and regions have joined in the movement. Among them, the US has been a pioneer, with California being the first in the world to ban indoor smoking at all public places, including bars and restaurants. Thus some French people call the non-smoking law issued on January 2 "a touch too American".

However, studies before the ban showed that 70 percent of French people supported the enforcement. The public's positive response means that the smoking ban will be just one more US trend accepted by French society. Even among strong smokers, no one wants to risk a fine.

French barman Jean-Michel, dressed in a leather waistcoat and a cowboy-style shoelace tie, complained harshly about the ban. Was be anticipating a smokers' revolt? "No," he said calmly. "People will respect it. I'll do what I did at school. I'll smoke in the toilets.”

According to the non-smoking law, individuals who smoke in bars, cafes, restaurants or clubs can be fined up to 450 euros. The owners of these places can be fined up to 750 euros if they fail to stop customers from smoking.

57. The law of banning smoking in public places was not made easily because _______.

A. France proudly resists establishing new laws

B. French people like their images with a cigar in their mouth

C. French people have had such a strong habit since World War II

D. smoking has become fashionable for Frenchmen lately

58. According to the passage, French President Nicolas Sarkozy _________.

A. pays a great deal of attention to his own public image

B. has been a heavy smoker in public eyes

C. strongly opposes the law of banning smoking

D. is a model in the hearts of French people

59. Which of the following is the first place in the world to ban indoor smoking at all public places?

A. Minnesota.

B. California.

C. France.

D. Britain.

60. It is implied in the passage that _________.

A. French people usually resist American trends

B. French people oppose the non-smoking law because it is too American

C. French people often follow American suits

D. French people respect the non-smoking law because it is from the US

61. By saying "I'11 do what I did at school", Jean-Michel means that _______.

A. he did not smoke when he was a school student

B. he had to smoke in the toilets when he was at school

C. he olden anticipated revolts when he was at school

D. smoking was not allowed in the toilets when he was at school

62. What is the main idea of tiffs passage?

A. It is difficult to establish new laws in France.

B. How the non-smoking law was established?

C. Non-smoking law is another American trend.

D. France finally accepts smoking ban.

Passage Three

It is the world's fourth-most-important food crop, after maize, wheat and rice. It provides more calories, more quickly, using less land and in a wider range of climates than any other plant. It is, of course, the potato.

The United Nations has declared 2008 the International Year of the Potato. It hopes that greater awareness of the merits of potatoes will contribute to the achievement of its Millennium Development Goals, by helping to reduce poverty and promote economic development. It is always the international year of this or month of that. But the potato's unusual history means it is well worth celebrating.

Unlikely though it seems, the potato promoted economic development by supporting the Industrial Revolution in England in the 19th century. It provided a cheap source of calories and was easy to cultivate, so it liberated workers from the land. Potatoes became popular in the north of England, as people there specialized in livestock farming and domestic industry, while farmers in the south concentrated on wheat production. By a happy accident, the concentrated industrial activity in the regions where coal was readily available, and a potato-driven population boom provided ample workers for the new factories. Friedrich Engels even declared that the potato was the equal of iron for its "historically revolutionary role".

In the form of French fries, served alongside burgers and Coca-Cola, potatoes are now a symbol of globalization. This is quite a change given the skepticism which first greeted them on their arrival in the Old World in the 16th century. They were variously thought to be fit only for animals, to be associated with the devil or to be poisonous. They took hold in 18th-century Europe only when war and famine

meant there was nothing else to eat; people then realized just how useful and reliable they were. As Adam Smith, one of the potato's many admirers, observed at the time, "The very general use which is made of potatoes in these kingdoms as food for man is a convincing proof that the prejudices of a nation, with regard to diet, however deeply rooted, are by no means unconquerable." Mashed, fried, boiled and roast, a humble potato changed the world, and people everywhere should celebrate it.

63. By making 2008 the Year of the Potato, the United Nations hopes that the potato could ________.

A. enrich people's daily food supply

B. be used to replace other food crops

C. help deal with environmental issues

D. he a solution to some economic problems

64. Paragraph 3 mainly describes _________.

A. why the potato became popular in the north of England

B. why the potato was important in England's population growth

C. how the potato contributed to England's industrial development

D. how the potato helped improve England's working conditions

65. Friedrich Engels's words show that he ________.

A. thought highly of the potato

B. took the potato too seriously

C. underestimated the role of the potato

D. lacked the basic knowledge of the potato

66. Europeans began to eat potatoes in the 18th century because _________.

A. there was a serious food shortage

B. they realized that potatoes tasted good

C. food safety had been greatly improved

D. eating potatoes had become fashionable

67. What Adam Smith said could be used to demonstrate the potato's _________.

A. general use

B. main features

C. success story

D. bright future

68. The best title for the passage is __________.

A. 2008-- the Potato's New Mission

B. In Praise of the Potato

C. The History of the Potato

D. The Potato and Globalization

Passage Four

You need a new vacuum cleaner. Several are on display—different features—but there are no clerks to be found. Finally a guy in a store vest slips past. You begin to ask questions, but he knows even less about vacuum cleaners than you do.

Robert Odom, shopping at the Southcenter Mall near Seattle, finds “it?s harder to get waited on now. many stores have one person covering a tremendous area. You?ve got to go looking to find a clerk.”

Retailing is big business in the United States. Every day, billions of transactions take place in the nation?s 1.4 million stores. Inventive technology speeds a staggering $2.5-trillion-a-year flow of purchases. But why do those bad encounters with salespeople continue to bother us so?

When Yankelovich Partners asked 2500 shoppers what was "most important to you regarding customer service," people ranked courtesy, knowledgeability and friendliness at the top. Almost two out of three said that salespeople "don't care much about me or my needs.”

The American Customer Satisfaction Index, developed in 1994 at the University of Michigan's National Quality Research Center, shows customer satisfaction declining about a point a year. Retailers now average a less-than-satisfactory 71 out of 100. Even top performers have slipped.

What happened? John Goodman, president of Technical Assistance Research Programs, a customer-service consulting firm, told us, "To cut costs, many retailers made the mistake of trimming staff to the bone with obvious consequences."

How good is the help once you find it? Carol Cherry, founder of Shop'n Chek, which monitors customer service for retailers and other clients, says, "One of the biggest problems we encounter is

unknowledgeable and untrained salespeople." Bruce Van Kleeck, a vice president of the National Retail Federation, says, "We're not training as much as we used to," and urges more ongoing training for veteran salespeople.

The sad fact is, stores can get away with poor customer service because customers let them. Customer-service expert John Goodman estimates that about half of customers continue to do business with firms they feel have mistreated them. This is "behavioral loyalty," explains Jeff Ellis of Maritz Marketing Research Inc. "We may bad-mouth a store after a bad experience, but we go back because it's close to our house or carries items we like."

69. The example in paragraph 1 shows that the salesman needs improvement on___________.

A. knowledge

B. politeness

C. friendliness

D. communication

70. According to the American Customer Satisfaction Index,_______________.

A. customer satisfaction with retailers remains constantly low

B. customer satisfaction with even the best retailers is dropping

C. customers complain most about the quality of the salespeople

D. customers put too high a demand on service these days

71. What may be the "obvious consequences" mentioned in paragraph 6?

A. The customers are not willing to buy from the retailers.

B. The customers cannot get the help they need.

C. The salespeople are not satisfied with their working condition.

D. The salespeople do not receive enough training.

72. Carol Cherry points out that the most serious problem is that ______________.

A. the quality of the salespeople cannot be guaranteed

B. the retailers do not care as much about training as they used to

C. the salespeople do not fully understand the benefits of training

D. the retailers cannot afford basic training for its employees

73. Which of the following examples can demonstrate the "behavioral loyalty"?

A. Customers frequent the store providing satisfactory service.

B. Customers refuse to buy in the store after a bad experience there.

C. Customers go to the store with good items no matter where it is.

D. Customers keep visiting the store that has treated them badly.

74. The passage mainly discusses_______________.

A. how we can get good customer service

B. why retailers should improve customer service

C. why there is poor customer service

D. what kind of customer service we need

Passage Five

In terms of lives lost and property destroyed, the Civil War was the most terrible armed conflict Americans have ever known, but that has not prevented them from remembering it with enduring fondness. The Civil War remains the most written-about period in American history, and it provides boundless entertainment in the United States and around the world. Instead of an object lesson in the dangers of political polarization, racial inequality, and human cruelty, fans consider their favorite war an exercise in nobility--a bloodbath that somehow forged the unbreakable bonds of American national identity.

Most Civil War historians were reared in this romantic tradition, and they have yet to fully free themselves from it. They still view the struggle through rose-colored glasses, making excuses for flawed heroes who have the reputations they never deserved. With the publication of While in the Hands of the Enemy: Military prisons of the Civil War, Charles W. Sanders has distinguished himself as one of the few scholars capable of addressing the Civil War with utter frankness. His brilliantly researched book is a ringing accusation of the prisoner-of-war (POW) systems maintained by both sides of that war, as well as

the politicians and soldiers who deliberately sent thousands of men to needless suffering and death. There are no heroes in this study, just too many unnecessary victims.

Sanders sets his study in context by first tracing the evolution of POW policy during the American Revolution, War of 1812, and Mexican War. Americans knew that POWs were vulnerable to mistreatment, and the quickest way to improve their lot was to negotiate exchanges with the enemy. At the outset of the Civil War, neither side was prepared to cope with the many prisoners-of-war their armies captured, and prisoners inevitably suffered from inadequate housing, food, medical care, and other necessities. Abraham Lincoln delayed the implementation of general exchanges until July 1862 for fear it would allow rebellious southerners to claim actual recognition of the Southern sovereignty. Once implemented, the exchange system quickly emptied prisons in the North and South, but it began breaking down by the end of the year.

75. Americans generally remember the Civil War with _______.

A. sadness

B. suspicion

C. horror

D. affection

76. Most Civil War historians would agree that the Civil War may have _________.

A. raised the awareness of the race issue

B. weakened American national identity

C. strengthened American national identity

D. taught a useful lesson about human nature

77. Civil War historians usually believe that "flawed heroes" ___________.

A. ought to be criticized

B. could be forgiven

C. should be studied further

D. should be evaluated objectively

78. According to Charles W. Sanders, the Civil War _______________.

A. brought pointless misery

B. created various heroes

C. started the first POW system

D. was brutal but inevitable

79. At the beginning of the Civil War, ____________ .

A. the POW exchanges were frequent

B. the number of the POWs was small

C. the POWs were in difficult situations

D. both sides used the POWs for political purposes

80. What does the passage say about the POW exchange during the Civil War?

A. It should have started earlier.

B. It lasted for many years.

C. It became a successful model for later time.

D. It raised the public awareness of the POW problem.

PAPER TWO

PART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes. 20 points)

Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)

Unlike the real world, where personalities are complex, motives unclear, and outcomes ambiguous, television presents a world of clarity and simplicity. In show after show, rewards and punishments follow quickly and logically. Crises are resolved, problems are solved, and justice always triumphs. The central characters in these dramas are clearly defined: dedicated or corrupt; selfless or ambitious; efficient or sentimental. To insure the widest acceptability and tell a story entertainingly, the plot lines follow the most commonly accepted notions of morality and justice, whether or not those notions bear much resemblance to reality. The long list of commercials between parts of the play sometimes drives you crazy.

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研究生学位英语29

考试须知 1、本次考试试卷有试题册（试卷一）和答题纸（Answer Sheet)两种，答题时间 为120分钟。 2、请考生用钢笔在Answer Sheet上写上姓名、学号、专业班级。 3、请考生在Answer Sheet上答题，写在试题册上的答案一律作废。 4、选择题每题只能选一个答案，多选作废。选定答案后，在Answer Sheet中找到相应题号，将答案对应字母（A\B\C\D）填写在题号后的括号里。注意保持字迹清晰工整，容易识别。由于字迹潦草、答案模棱两可甚至无法识别者，一律判为0分，责任由考生本人负责。 5、简答题、翻译和作文等主观题部分的答题请考生用钢笔书写在Answer Sheet 指定位置上。 6、考试结束，考生不得将试题册和答题纸带出考场。请把试题册和答题纸分别 上交监考老师。 Test 29 Part I Situational Conversations (10%) Directions:In this part, there are ten short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that most appropriately suits the conversational context and best completes the dialogue．Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center of the corresponding letter． 1. Robert: How annoying. I can’t figure out a solution to this problem. Can you help me? Anderson: __________. A. How stupid you are. The problem is too easy to disturb me. B. Well, I’m afraid I can’t at the moment. C. You shouldn’t feel annoyed. After all,it’s your own problem. D. OK. Though it’s beyond me, let me try. 2. Speaker A: Excuse me. Could you show me the way to the nearest post office? Speaker B: ________ A. OK. I’d like to go with you. B. Of course. Go down this street and turn le ft. C. Sorry. I’m busy now. Go away. D . No problem. It’s my pleasure to direct you. 3. Customer: I need some aspirin, please, and I'd also like to get this prescription filled．

2017年研究生英语学位课统考真题

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