定语从句解析

定语从句解析

定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。

被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。

关系副词有：when, where, why, how。

关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定

语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。

定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上

和数量上和先行词保持一致。

定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限

制性定语从句。

1 、关系代词引导的定语从句

1) who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

2) whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换），例如：

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.

3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears

in the countryside.（which / that 在句中作宾语）

The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. (which / that在句中作宾语)

关系代词that和which 都可以指物，that 和Who、whom 都可以指人，

只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

a)在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。

All that is needed is a supply of oil.

Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.

b)先行词有the only, the very, the just修饰时，只用that。

He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water.

c)先行词为序数词(the last)、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。

The first English book that I read was "The Prince and the Pauper" by Mark Twin.

d)先行词既有人，又有物时。

He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited.

e)当主句是以who 或which 开始的特殊疑问句时，用that 以避免重复。

Who is the person that is standing at the gate.

f)关系代词在从句中做表语

He is not the man that he used to be.

在有两个定语从句的句子中，其一用who，其二用that,但若先行词后接两个以上的并列定语从句时，后一个必须重复前一个关系代词。

(1)The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard.

(2)There is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does.

关系副词引导的定语从句

引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where或why等。when, where, why分别在定语从句中作状语，在意义上相当于介词+which结构，分别代替表示时间、地点或原因的先行词。

A．when

指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。

I still remember the day when I first came to this school.

我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。(when= on which)

He came at a time when we needed him most.

他是在我们最需要他的时候来的。(when= at which)

We will never forget the year 1949, when th People's Republic of China was founded.

我们永远忘不了1949年，那是中华人民共和国成立的一年。(when= in which)

B．where

指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

I recently went back to the town where I was born.

我最近曾回过一次我出生的城市。(where = in which)

I would like to live in a country where there is plety of sunshine. 我想住在一个阳光充足的国家。(where = in which)

What's the name of the place where you spent your holiday

你度假的那个地方叫什么名字？(where = at which)

C．why

指原因，在限制性定语从句中作原因状语。

Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.

请告诉我你误机的原因。(why = for which)

The reason why he was punished is unknown to us.

他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。

注意:

无论是关系代词，还是关系副词，都在定语从句中取代了先行词，因此，先行词在定语从句中不复出现。

【误】This is the book that I borrowed it yesterday.

【正】This is the book that I borrowed yesterday.

这就是我昨天借的书。（that在定语从句中取代了先行词the book，作borowed的宾语，因此，要去掉it）

【误】The English Corner is the place where people often go there to practise their spoken English. 【正】The English Corner is the place where people often go to practise their spoken English.

英语角是人们经常去练习英语口语的

地方。（where在定语从句中取代了先行词the pace，作go的状语，因此，要去掉there）

三、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

根据定语从句在句中所起的作用，可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两大类。

A．限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可

缺少的定语，用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。书写时不用逗号与先行词分开。

This is the boy who broke the window.

这就是打破窗子的孩子。（the boy是先行词，who broke the indow是限制性定语从句，明确指出the boy是打破窗子的那个孩子）

I have a book which teaches English grammar.

我有一本讲解英语语法的书。（a book 是先行词，which teaches English grammar是限制性定语从句，修饰the book）

The people whom you met in the hall are from Japan.

你在大厅见到的那些人来自日本。（定语从句whom you met in the hall定先行词the people）

B．非限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句在意义上只是一个附

加修饰语，对先行词或主句作些附加的说明。如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。书写时往往用逗号与先行词分开。

I, who am your friend, will share the work with you.

我是你的朋友，将与你分担这项工作。（I 是先行词，who am your friend是非限制性定语从句，对先行词I起附加说明的作用）

New Concept English is intended for foeign students, which is known to us all.

新概念英语是专为外国学生编写的，这是我们大家都知道的。（which is known

to us all是非限制性定语从句，对主句作进一步的补充说明）

C．在下列情况下，通常使用非限制性定语从句。

1．当先行词表示的是世界上独一无二的人或物时。

The sun, which gives us light and heat, is a fixed star.

太阳是一颗恒星，它给我们光和热。Last year I visted the People's Great Hall, where many important meetings are held every year.

去年我参观了人民大会堂，每年许多重要会议都要在那里举行。

2．当定语从句修饰整个主句时。

Taiwan belongs to China, as everyone knows.

众所周知，台湾属于中国的领土。

The weather was very terrible, which we hadn't expected.

天气非常糟糕，这点们没有料到。3．当先行词是专有名词，或先行词本身指示意义十分明确时。

Mr. Joe lives in Beijing now, which is quite a long way from here.

乔先生现在住在北京，那里距离这儿很远。

I congratulate my neighbour, whose son has just won the election.

我祝贺我的邻居，他的儿子刚刚赢得选举。

四、关系代词和关系副词的选用

引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的选用，比较复杂除了牵涉到所指的先行词是人还是物，所引导的定语从句是限制性的还

是非限制性的，以及关系词在从句中充当什么句子

成份外，还要根据习惯用法而定。

A．只用who

在下列情况下，一般不能用that代替who。

1．在非限制定语从句中。

His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.

他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严格。2．先行词是one, anyone, those时。One who has nothing to fear for hiself dares to tell the truth.

一个无所畏惧的人敢说真话。

Anyone who breaks the law shall be published.

任何犯法的人都将受到惩罚。

Those who are against the plan put up your hands please.

凡是反对这项计划的人，请举手。3．在there\here be开头的句子中。Here is a boy who wants to see you.

有个男孩想见你。

4．先词与定语从句被其他词所分隔时。Don't tell anyone about the secret who oughtn't to know.

不要把这秘密告诉任何一个不该知道它的人。

I was the only person in my office who was invited.

我是办公室里唯一受到邀请的人。B．只用which\whom

在下列情况下，一般不能用that代替which\whom。

1．在非限制性定语从句中。

The weather was very terrible, which we hadn't expected.

天气非常糟糕，这我们没有料到。

2．介词后面。

关系代词紧跟在介词或短语介词后面，只能用which或whom，不能用that。He climbed up to the top of a large rock, from which he got a good view.

他爬到一块巨大的岩石顶上，从那里他看到很好的景色。（也可用from where）Sound is a tool, by means of which people communcate with each other.

声音是工具，人们通过这个工具进行交流。

They asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldn't answer. 他们问了我许多问题，大部分我都不会回答。

C．只用that

在下列情况下，限制性定语从句中一般只用that引导

1．当先行词为everything, anything, nothing, all, none, few, little等词时，或当先行词被every, any, all,some, no, little, few, much等词修饰时。Everything that they said was true.

他所说的一切都是真的。

He is dead and there's nothing that can be done.

他死了，再也没有什么办法了。

There was little that we could do to help her.

我们没有什么能帮助她的。

These walls are all that remain of the ancint city.

这些墙是这座古城所残存下来的全部。

提示：

something 后面可用which引导定语从句。

There is something(whichthat) I'd like to tell you. 有些事我想告诉你。

2．当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。

The first place (that) they visited in London was the Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。She was probably the hardest working student (that) I have ever taught.

她也许是我教学生中学习最勤奋的。3．当先行词被the very, the only修饰时。

This is the very grammar book (that) I want to buy.

这正是我要买的语法书。

Beauty is the only thing (that) Emily can be proud of.

美丽是埃米莉唯一能骄傲的东西。4．当先行词为who或前面有who, which等疑问代词时。

Who that has common sense will believe uch nonsense

有常识的人谁会相信这种无聊的事情？Who is the man that is standing by the gate

站在门口的那个人是谁？

Which is the T-shirt that fits me most

哪件T恤衫最合我的身？

定语从句语法专项练习习题精选

用适当的关系词填空：

1. I still remember the night

_______I first came to the house.

2. I'll never forget the

day________ we met each other last week.

3. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _______is the best season there.

4. I will never forget the days

_______I spent with your family.

5. I'll never forget the last

day______ we spent together. 6. This is the school ______I used to study.

7. Do you still remember the place______ we visited last week?

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定语从句高考真题及答案

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She is the girl who I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) That is the man who teaches us English.(从句缺主语) (2)which:指代先行词是物（做从句的主语或宾语） That is the book which I want.(从句缺宾语) There is a bird which stands in the building.(从句缺主语) (3)that: 指代先行词是人或物（做从句的主语或宾语） She is the girl who/that I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) There is a bird which/that stands in the building.(从句缺主语) (4)whom;指代先行词是人，但只用于从句是缺宾语的情况。 She is the girl who/whom I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) That is the man whom teaches us English.(从句缺主语,本句用whom是错误的) (5)whose:指代从句中缺定语的情况（表示所属关系） That is the building whose windows broke last night.(本句中的windows是属于 the building构成一种所属关系即缺少building’s) 2.关系副词：when;where;why(该三个词主要用于从句是不缺主语或是宾语的情况 即从句是个完整句) (1) when:指代先行词表时间如：time；month;year;occasion等(形式上等于介词 +which) I still remember the day when /on which I came to Beijing.(该从句是一个完整的句子，先行词是the day在从句中需要加个介词on来做状语的成分即I came to Beijing on the day) (2)where :指代先行词是地点的词如：place;house;school;也可以是模糊的词如：point;stage;work;situation等(形式上等于介词+which) That is the place where/in which I was born .(该从句I was born也是一个完整句，即不缺主语或宾语的，此时where可以换成in which) (3)why:指代先行词是表原因的词即：reason（形式上只能是等于for+which) That is the reason why/for which he was late for school.

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（英语）定语从句练习题含答案及解析 一、定语从句 1．This is the bike_______I lost last week. A．that B．what C．who D．whose 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：句意：这是我上周丢失的那辆自行车。此句是一个定语从句。bike为先行词，当先行词为物时，引导词应该用that/which，故答案为A。 考点：考查定语从句。 2．Norman Bethune was a great man _____ gave his life to help the Chinese people. A．which B．who C．whose D．what 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意：诺尔曼白求恩是一位伟大的人，他毕生致力于帮助中国人民。空格前名词man意为“人”，是先行词，后面是用来修饰这个名词，是定语从句部分，先行词指人，在定语从句中做主语，可以使用关系代词who/that，不能使用which（指物）/whose（指所属关系），what不能用来引导定语从句，故选B。 3．Linda will never forget the words her father told her. A．that B．who C．where D．what 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 句意：Linda将永远不会忘记她父亲告诉她的这些话。that关系代词，引导定语从句，先行词可以为人或物；who关系代词，引导定语从句，先行词为人；where是关系副词，引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语；what什么，常引导名词性从句，不能引导定语从句。根据句子结构可知，这里是一个定语从句，修饰空前的the words，指物，且在从句中作宾语，故应选A。 4．This is the most beautiful picture __________ I have ever seen. A．that B．which C．what D．who 【答案】A 【解析】 句意：这是我见过的最漂亮的画。考查定语从句。先行词被最高级修饰时，引导词应用that。 结合句意和语境可知选A。