四级考点汇总+真题分析

阅读理解常考点+真题分析

总结以下阅读理解十大常考点：

1、首段首末句

（1）文章首段首末句往往出"主旨大意题"。因为，英语文章的开始往往会采取开门见山的形式提出文章的中心思想。

In a country that defines itself by ideals, not by shared blood, who should be allowed to come, work and live here? In the wake of the Sep. 11 attacks these questions have never seemed more pressing.

62. According to the author, the United States claims to be a nation____

[A] Composed of people having different values

[B] Sharing common interests

[C] Encouraging individual pursuits

[D] Founded on shared ideals

Reaching new peaks of popularity in North America is Iceberg, which is harvested from icebergs off the coast of

Newfoundland, Canada. Arthur von Wiesenberger, who carries the title Water Master, is one of the few water critics in North America. As a boy, he spent time in the larger cities of Italy, France and Switzerland, where bottled water is consumed daily.

57. What do we know about Iceberg Water from the passage?

[A] It is a kind of iced water

[B] It is just plain tap water

[C] It is a kind of bottled water

[D] It is a kind of mineral water

As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease –especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise.

62. Today medical care is placing more stress on ________.

A. keeping people in a healthy physical condition

B. monitoring patients’ body functions

C. removing peop le’s bad living habits

D. ensuring people’s psychological

well-being

2、末段首末句，通常会对全文的说明和论证进行总结，由此也会成为考查点通常会用一些总括性的标志词如：all in all, in short, to conclude, in consequence, in summary, in a word, as a result, therefore, accordingly, thus 等引导。

Instead of staring at a blank screen, start filling it with words no matter how bad. Halfway through you available time, stop and rework your raw writing into something closer to finished product. Move back and forth until you run out of time and the final result will most likely be far better than your current practices.

61. In what way does the critical mind help the writer in the writing process?

A) It refines his writing into better shape.

B) It helps him to come up with new ideas.

C) It saves the writing time available to him.

D) It allows him to sit on the side and observe.

Today I research and teach at Barnard, a women’s college in New York City. Recently, someone asked me how may of the 45 students in my class were women. You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer, 45. I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children. And I don’t dismiss those concerns. Still, I don’t tell them “war” stories. Instead, I have given them this: the visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing

physics experiments. And in turn they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of science. And that’s a sight worth talking about.

66. What does the image the author presents to her students suggest?

A) Women students needn’t have the concerns of her generation.

B) Women have more barriers on their way to academic success.

C) Women can balance a career in science and having a family.

D) Women now have fewer problems pursuing a science career.

Cleary form the schools perspective, there’s a lot of money to be saved. Although some of the more ambitious programs require new investments in servers and networks to support collaborative software , most DL courses can run on existing or minimally upgraded(升级)systems . The

more students who enroll in a course but don’t come to campus , the more the school saves on keeping the lights on in the classrooms , paying doorkeepers , and maintaining parking lots , And there’s evidence that instructors must work harder to run a DL course for a variety of reasons , won’t be paid any more , and might well be paid less.

61. According to the passage, universities show great enthusiasm for DL programs for the purpose of_____

A) Building up their reputation

B) Cutting down on their expenses

C) Upgrading their teaching facilities

D) Providing convenience for students

While stepping back was difficult for me, it was certainly a good first step that I will quickly follow with more steps, putting myself far enough away to give her room but close enough to help if asked. All the

while I will be reminding myself that children need room to experiment, grow and find their own voices.

66. What’s the author’s advice for parents?

A) A writing career, though attractive, is not for every child to pursue

B) Children should be allowed freedom to grow through experience

C) Parents should keep an eye on the activities their kids engage in

D) Children should be given every chance to voice their opinions

The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it’s really an engineering on e. The inconvenient truth is that if we don’t solve the engineering problem, we’re helpless.

61.What is the message the author intends to convey?

A．Global warming is more of a moral issue than a practical one.

B．The ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technology.

C．The debate over global warming will lead to technological breakthroughs.

D．People have to give up certain material comforts to stop global warming.

3、转折

一些明显的转折词包括but, however, yet, though, on the contrary; Although/ While/ In spite of/ Despite---,instead of----;as a matter of fact, actually, indeed, nevertheless, nonetheless, whereas,等，转折词前后的意思一般来说都是相反的，而作者往往偏重转折处后面的内容。

Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but- regardless of whether it is or isn’t - we won’t do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding

commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed.

57.What is said about global warming in the first paragraph?

A．It may not prove an environmental crisis at all.

B．It is an issue requiring worldwide commitments.

C．Serious steps have been taken to avoid or stop it.

D．Very little will be done to bring it under control.

Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that it’s important to reveal yourself to friends, family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times. But few boundaries remain. The digital bread crumbs(碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where

you are and what you like. In some cases, a simple Google search can reveal what you think. Like it or not, increasingly we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret.

63.What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends?

A．Friends should open their hearts to each other.

B．Friends should always be faithful to each other.

C．There should be a distance even between friends.

D．There should be fewer disputes between friends.

The attraction for students might at first seem obvious. Primarily, there’s the convenience promised by courses on the Net: you can do the work, as they say, in your pajamas (睡衣). But figures indicate that

the reduced effort results in a reduced commitment to the course. While dropout rates for all freshmen at American universities is around 20 percent, the rate for online students is 35 percent. Students themselves seem to understand the weaknesses inherent in the setup. In a survey conducted for eCornell, the DL division of Cornell University, less than a third of the respondents expected the quality of the online course to be as good as the classroom course.

60. What accounts for the high drop-out rates for online students?

A) There is no strict control over the academic standards of the courses.

B) The evaluation system used by online universities is inherently weak.

C) There is no mechanism to ensure that they make the required effort.

D) Lack of classroom interaction reduces the effectiveness of instruction.

4、对比和类比处

作者经常把两个事物、两种观点进行对比，从而论证自己观点的正确性。表示对比的一些标志性词语有in contrast, in comparison, compared with, more importantly, most importantly, above all 等。特别需要指出的是，只要文章第一段中出现对照或对比的内容，往往将在下文中进行具体的议论，并在文章最后得出结论，这通常是出题点。

If you are a male and you’re reading this, congratulations: you are a survivor. According to statistics, you are more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman, and nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you will die on average five years before a woman. There are many reasons for this-typically, men compared to women take more risks and are more likely to drink and smoke but perhaps more importantly, men don’t go to the doctor.

58. What does the author state is the most important reason men die five years earlier on average than women?

A) Men drink and smoke much more than women

B) Men don’t seek medical care as often as women

C) Men aren’t as cautions as women in face of danger

D) Men are more likely to suffer from fatal diseases

5、举例, 列举处

（1）举例子：句子的作用是为了支持论证作者的观点，这些例子往往与作者的观点和结论有很大的关联，具有重大的意义，因此也成为了考试出题点。这种题目在文章中的线索非常明显，一般都带有如下的标志

性词汇：for example, for instance, take … as an example, as, such as, like，a case of, in the case of, a case in point, say等。举例子作用通常有三个：第一、证明论点，论点在前；第二、引出话题或得出结论，话题和结论在后；第三、通过对比突出强调事物的某一方面。

If Sept.11 had never happened the airport workers would not have been arrested and could have gone on quietly living in America, probably indefinitely .Ana Castro, a manager at a Ben & Jerry’s ice cream shop at the airport，had been working 10 years with the same false Social Security card when she was arrested in the December airport raid. Now she and her family are living under the threat of deportation(驱逐出境)。Castro's case is currently waiting to be settled. While she awaits the outcome, the government has granted her permission to work here and she has returned to her job at Ben&Jerry's.

66.What do we learn about Ana Castro from the last paragraph?

A) She will be deported sooner or later.

B) She is allowed to stay permanently.

C) Her case has been dropped

D) Her fate remains uncertain.

The chief reason is that American schools don't tend to seriously consider looking abroad. For example, when the board of the University of Colorado searched for a new president, it wanted a leader familiar with the state government, a major source of the university's budget. "We didn't do any global consideration," says Patricia Hayes, the board's chair. The board ultimately picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old Colorado businessman and

political activist (活动家) who is likely to do well in the main task of modern university presidents: fund-raising. Fund-raising is a distinctively American thing, since U.S. schools rely heavily on donations. The fund-raising ability is largely a product of experience and necessity.

63. What is the chief consideration of American universities when hiring top-level administrators?

A) The political correctness.

B) Their ability to raise funds.

C) Their fame in academic circles.

D) Their administrative experience.

6、因果关系处

因果句通常是作者进行分析或者得出

结论的地方。英语句子存在前因后果和前果后因，考生一定要弄清楚谁导致谁。出题者为了考查考生的阅读能力和逻辑分析能力，

经常会把含有因果关系进行颠倒，将"因变成了果、果变成了因"，考生需要注意辨别实际的因果关系，防止混淆。表示因果关系的词语有：

（1）because, because of, so, for, since, as, result from, originate from, derive from; base, basis, reason, arise from, with等。

Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, relatives, co-workers, strangers-and anyone who will listen. Therefore, Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide to frequent their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by Verde Group and Wharton school.

62. Why are store managers often the last to hear complaints?

A) Most customers won’t bother to complain even if they have had unhappy experiences.

B) Customers would rather relate their unhappy experiences to people around them.

C) Few customers believe the service will be improved.

D) Customers have no easy access to store managers.

Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and finally how they’ll change America. Rightly so, but selfishly, I’m more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American woman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the world’s attention. And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see.

57. Why does Michelle Obama hold a strong fascination for the author?

A) She serves as a role model for African women.

B) She possesses many admirable qualities becoming a First Lady.

C) She will present to the world a new image of African-American women.

D) She will pay closer attention to the interests of African-American women.

结果tend to; be intended to;after all, thus, therefore, consequently, as a result, aim to; account for, lead to, attribute to, such that, so that, finally, at last

In 1958, Australian scientist David Warren developed a flight-memory recorder that would track basic information like altitude and direction. That was the first mode for a black box, which became a requirement on all U.S. commercial flights by 1960. Early models often failed to withstand crashes, however, so in 1965 the device was completely redesigned and moved to the rear of the plane –the area

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60. Why did the Federal Aviation Authority require the black boxes be painted orange or yellow?

A) To distinguish them from the colour of the plane.

B) To caution people to handle them with care.

C) To make them easily identifiable.

D) To conform to international standards.

7、类比比喻处

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