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专题13 情景交际(讲学案)(解析版)

【2016考纲解读】

交际用语的考查点相对集中。主要考查社会交往中的一些日常交际用语。考查的方式以应答为主，提问为辅；以跨文化交际中差异明显的交际项目为重点考查对象。其考点主要包括：

1．考查习惯应答语。许多情景对话中使用的是英美人的习惯用语。问候、告别、打电话、问路、看病、购物等常见的交际话题均有其较为固定的套语；感谢、道歉、祝愿、请求亦有其固定的应答用语。考生必须用英美人的思维方式，遵循他们的习惯进行回答。交际用语常见的回答用语主要有以下几个方面：

(1)常用于接受或拒绝请求、邀请的应答用语有：With pleasure./Yes, help yourself./No problem./Good idea./Sorry, but…/I‘d rather you…/Thank you, but…/No way./Forget it.等。

(2)常用于感谢的应答用语有：That‘s all right./You are welcome./Don’t mention it./It is my pleasure (My pleasure)．/Not at all.等。

(3)常用于道歉的应答用语有：Nev er mind./It doesn‘t matter./Not at all./That’s all right./That is nothing.等。

(4)常用于祝愿和祝贺的应答用语有：Good luck！/Best wishes to you！/Have a nice time！/Congratulations！/Merry Christmas！/Thank you！/The same to you！等。

2．考查文化差异语。汉语和英语在交际文化方面有许多共同之处，但也存在诸多差异。这些差异往往是考查的重中之重。避免母语交际定式的干扰，根据英语的文化交际习惯来应答是掌握文化差异的关键。

3．考查语言结构语。根据不同的交际情景，说话者会采用不同的交际用语来表达自己的态度和情感。当说话人对刚刚提出的说法或意见持肯定态度时，可以说：Yes，I think(suppose，believe)so./Yes，I‘m afraid so. 对刚刚提出的说法或意见持否定态度时，则说： No，I don't think (suppose) so./No，I don't believe so./ No，I believe (suppose) not./No，I hope not./ No，I am afraid not.

【重点知识梳理】

情景交际用语指在特定的语境中运用的语言。情景交际用语范围广泛，形式多样，灵活多变，这些情景交际语言的结构无不体现着英语国家的文化、风俗和习惯。

情景交际用语的功能主要包括四十一个项目。

1．问候(Greetings)

①Good morning/ afternoon/ evening.

②Hello/ Hi.

③How are you? Fine, thank you, and you?

④Best wishes/ regards to sb.

⑤Please give/ send my regards/ best wishes/ love to sb.

⑥Say hello to sb.

⑦Please remember me to sb.

2．介绍(Introductions)

①This is Mr./ Mrs./ Miss/ Ms./ Comrade.../ May I introduce you to...？/ I'd like you to meet...

②My name is.../ I'm a student/ teacher, etc.

③I'm Chinese.

3．告别(Farewells)

①I'm afraid I must be leaving now./ I think it's time for us to leave now.

②Good bye！/ Bye bye！/ Bye！/ See you later/ tomorrow./ See you./ Good night.

4．感谢和应答(Thanks and responses)

①Thank you(very much)．/ Thanks a lot./ Many thanks./ Thanks for.../ It's very kind of you to...

②Not at all./ It's/ That's all right./ You are welcome.

5．祝愿、祝贺和应答(Good wishes, congratulations & responses)

①Good luck！/ Best wishes to you！/ I wish you good luck/ success！/ Good journey (to you)！/ Have a good trip./ Have a nice/ good/ wonderful time./ Congratulations./ I'd like to congratulate you on.../ Happy New Year！/ Merry Christmas！/ Happy birthday to you!

②Thank you./ The same to you.

6．道歉、遗憾和应答(Apologies, regrets, sympathies & responses)

①Sorry./ Pardon./ I'm sorry./ I'm sorry for/ about.../ I'm sorry to hear.../ I'm sorry to have＋v.－ed/ that...

②Excuse me(for...)/ I'm afraid of.../ I'm afraid I was very rude./ I didn't mean to be so rude./ What a pity./ Shame！/ It's a pity that...

③That's all right./ It doesn't matter./ That's nothing./ That's OK./ Never mind./ Don't worry about that.

7．邀请和应答(Invitations and responses)

①Will you come to...？/ Would you like to...？/ I'd like to invite you to...

②Yes, I'd love to(...)．/ Yes, it's very kind/ nice of you.

③I'd love to, but...

8．提供(帮助等)和应答(Offers and responses)

①Can/ Could/ Shall I help you？/ Would you like me to...？/ Is there anything(else) I can do for you？/ Do you want me to...？/ What can I do for you？/ Let me do/ carry/ help...(for you)．/ Would you like some...?

②Thanks./ That would be nice/ fine./ That's very kind/ nice of you./ Thank you for your help./ Yes, please./ Here, take this/ my...

③No, thanks./ Thank you./ I can manage it myself./ Thank you all the same./ That's very kind of you, but...

9．约会(Making appointments)

①Are you/ Will you be free this afternoon/ tomorrow？/ How about tomorrow morning/ afternoon/ evening？/ Shall we meet at 4：30 at...?

②Yes, that's all right./ Yes, I'll be free then.

③No, I won't be free then. But I'll be free...

④All right. See you then.

10．意愿和希望(Intentions and wishes)

①I'm going to.../ I intend/ mean/ plan to.../ I will.../ I'd like to.../ I feel like v．－ing.../ I (do not) want/ hope to.../ I'm ready to.../ I'd prefer to do.../ I would rather not tell you.

②I want/ hope/ wish to.../ I wish that.../ I would like to...

③How about...

11．请求、允许和应答(Asking for permission and responses)

①May I．..？/ Can/ Could I．..？/ I wonder if I can/ could.../ Do/ Would you mind if I do/ did...?

②Yes/ Sure/ Certainly./ Yes, (do) please.或Sure, go ahead./ Of course./ Go ahead, please./ That's OK/ all right./ Not at all./ Of course not./ Certainly not.

③I'm sorry you can't./ I'm sorry, but.../ You'd better not.

12．同意和不同意(Agreement and disagreement)

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