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词语翻译汇总

词语翻译汇总
词语翻译汇总

词语的翻译汇总

一、词义的选择

I. 基本技巧

1)确切:

这个人私贩鸦片。(secretly sell?)

This man is a trafficker of opium.

他想这样会使工程及时全面展开,从而减少中途停工的可能。

He thought this would lessen the chance of the project’s being stopped before it really got under way.

2)简洁:

他们你一句,我一句,说个没完。

They talked on and on (without stopping.)

你们的计划要进行调整。

Your plan will have to be adjusted.

3)生动:

他总算把记者招待会对付过去了。

After all, he survived the press conference.

公共汽车为人们去长城参观提供了方便。

Buses provide easy access to the Great Wall. (more vivid than “provide convenience for…)

II.汉译英时如何使译文准确

1. 概说:

1)用词要忠实于原文,不能只凭―大概‖。

A. 在提及工艺品的发展前景时,于经理说:--

While speaking of the prospects for handicraft, Manager Yu said, --(dwelling on)

B. 技术革新受到了鼓励。

Technical innovations are encouraged. (urged)

C. 允许一部分人先富起来。

We encourage some people to get rich first.

2)注意汉英词汇意义的不同:

狗把他的手抓了。

The dog scratched his hand.

抓住机会

grasp the opportunity

抓苗头

watch out for the first sign

抓生产

attach importance to production

抓住机遇

value opportunities

3) 不能够字字死译,要考虑英语的含义。

为了多积攒点钱买房子,他们省吃俭用。thriftily

* They save food and expenses to -

They live frugally to accumulate more money to buy a house.

无论天晴还是下雨,他们明天都得去。

Rain or shine, they will have to go tomorrow.

2.去掉不必要的夸张

1 )世界上公认他是最伟大的政治家(社论)。

* He is everybody’s choice as the world’s greatest statesman.

He is generally acknowledged as the world’s greatest statesman.

2) 和这里的人们一样,他也喜欢吃土豆。

*Like all people here, he likes to eat potatoes.

Like most people here, he likes to eat potatoes.

3.用词要注意轻重

1)我国的进出口贸易总额有了较大幅度的增长。

There has been a big increase in the total volume of imports and exports.

2)我们必须广泛地利用现代科学技术的新成就。

We must utilize the achievements of modern science and technology on a wide/large scale. 3)他们向解放区发动了全面进攻。

They launched an all-out offensive campaign against the liberated areas.

4)合同的基本条款和内容不完善。(*imperfect)

The basic provisions and content of the contract are incomplete.

4. 用词要具体

1)他是一个土木工程师。

He’s a civil engineer.

(not engineer: sanitary, mining or telephone engineer)

2) 在火车离开的前几分钟,他阔步走进了火车站。

walk, saunter, stride, trudge, shamble

He strode into the station a few minutes before the train’s departure.

思想:

毛泽东思想

Mao Zedong Thought

解放思想

Liberate one’s mind

军事思想

military thinking

人民战争思想

concept of people’s war

III. 使译文清楚,避免歧义:

1.名词所有格:

在看到张三的杀人行为时他感到十分震惊。

He was very much shocked at the sight of Zhang San’s killing.*(himself or somebody else)

He was very much shocked at the sight of Zhang San’s killing a person.

2. 指代准确

她喜欢这些知识分子。

She likes these intellectuals.

(not the)

那个挨过烫的孩子怕火。

This burnt child dreads fire.

(not the burnt child)

你看见我那只鹿了吗?

Have you seen my deer?*

Have you seen that deer of mine?

3.该用名词时,不要用代词

母女二人告诉他:女儿相信这个故事。

The mother and the daughter told him that the daughter believed the story. (not she)

小王答应他父亲,他永远不抛弃父亲的朋友。

Xiao Wang promised his father never to abandon the friends of his father’s.

(not abandon his friends)

3.数词的使用:

他的学生们都到同一个村子去了。

*All of his students have gone to one village.

All of his students have gone to the same village.

他们俩有10个苹果。

*Both of them have ten apples.

*Either of them have five apples.

They two share ten apples.

3.形容词的使用

这匹马的肉可以吃了。

The horse was ready to eat.* (The horse could be eaten readily./

The horse could eat grass readily.)

The horse could be eaten.

二、增词法和减词法

一、为了保证语法结构的完整:

代词:汉语中有许多没有主语的句子,英语则一般需要主语。另外汉语中很多名词前都没有代词,需要增补。

1.大作收到,十分高兴。

I am very glad to have received your writing.

2.没有调查就没有发言权。

He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak.

3.把这些故事看完以后,用你自己的话讲一遍。

After you have read these stories, tell them in your own words.

4.我们响应了祖国的号召。

We responded to the call of our motherland.

5.她用手蒙住脸,好象是为了保护眼睛。

She covered her face with her hands, as if to protect her eyes.

6.孩子们天天带午饭到学校去吃。

The children take their lunch to school every day.

7.我们的心永远向着祖国。

Our hearts are always towards our motherland

连词:汉语重意合,英语重形合,把汉语翻译成英语时,要适当增加连词。

1. 虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后。

Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.

2.留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。

So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood.

3.村里的男女老少都喜欢那个小超市买东西。

Men and women, old and young in the village, all liked shopping in that small supermarket.

4.我妈妈来了,我得回去了。

My mother has arrived, so I have to leave now.

5.送君千里,终有一别。

Although you may escort a guest a thousand miles, yet must the parting come at last.

介词:英语中的介词比汉语中活跃得多。

1.我们应该逐步消灭城乡差别。

We should try to eliminate the differences between town and country.

2.你白天还是晚上飞广州?

Do you fly to Guangzhou in the daytime or at night?

3.那我们山脚见吧。

Let’s meet at the foot of the hill.

冠词:

1.她不把他当阿公,而当作亲爹。

She considered him not a father-in-law but a father.

2.我们对问题要作全面的分析,才能解决得妥当。

We must make a comprehensive analysis of problem before it can be properly solved.

二、为了保证译文意思更加明确。

文中暗含的意思:

1.大家都知道朝鲜战场是艰苦些。

Everyone knows that life on the Korean battlefield was rather hard.

2.要提倡顾全大局。

We should advocate the spirit of taking the whole situation into consideration.

添加注释性的词语:

1.班门弄斧

Show off one’s proficiency with the axe before Luban, the master carpenter. Show off one’s skills with the axe before an expert carpenter.

2.三个臭皮匠,合成一个诸葛亮。

Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.

3. 这对年轻夫妇并不相配,一个是西施,一个是张飞。

This young couple is not well-matched, one is a Xishi,--a famous Chinese beauty, while the other is a Zhangfei—a well-known ill-tempered brute.

4. 滥竽充数:

pretend to play the yu(an ancient musical instrument) and retain one’s position in the orchestra/// (of incompetent people or inferior goods) be there just to make up the number

增加概括性的词语

1. 结婚大办酒席,实在可以免去了。

The practice of giving lavish feasts at weddings can well be dispensed with.

2.也许您忘记了7月份的购货帐还没有结算。

Perhaps you have overlooked the fact that your account for July purchases has not yet been settled.

Omission

一、重复出现某词(排比句中)

1.俘虏望望沈明,又望望其他的人,没有说下去。

Looking at Shen Ming, then at the others, the prisoner of war fell silent.

The prisoner of war looked at Shenming and then the others. He did not keep on talking.

2.我们必须坚持社会主义道路,坚持人民民主专政,坚持共产党的领导,坚持马列主义和毛泽东思想。

We must adhere to the socialist road, the people’s democratic dictatorship, the Communist Party’s leadership and Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought.

3. 质子带正电,电子带负电,而中子既不带正电,也不带负电。

A proton has a positive charge and an electron a negative charge, but a neutron has neither.

4.郭末若同志曾说:―中国人民历来是勇于探索、勇于创造、勇于革命的。‖Comrade Guo Moruo once said, “The people of China have always been courageous enough to probe into things, to make inventions and to make revolution.”

Comrade Guo Moruo once said, “The people of China have always been courageous in exploration, innovation and revolution.”

二、原文中表示范畴的词:

1. 我们必须培养分析问题,解决问题的能力。

We must cultivate the ability to analyse and solve the problems.

2. 多年来那个国家一直有严重的失业现象。

For many years, there has been serious unemployment in that country.

3. 他们是亲密无间的朋友。

They are close/ bosom/ intimate friends.

4. 这些新型汽车速度快,效率高,行动灵活。

The new cars are fast, efficient and handy.

5. 前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。

While the prospects are bright, the road has twists and turns.

6. 理论联系实际,这是我们应当牢记的一条原则。

That the theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind.

7. 天气这样闷,十之八九要下雨。

With the weather so stuffy, ten to nine it will rain.

8. 所有公民在法律面前一律平等。

All citizens are equal before law.

9. 基于伊拉克目前社会动荡和纷扰不安的局面,中国驻伊拉克大使馆已经向

德国订购了两辆防弹轿车。

The Chinese embassy in Iraq has ordered two bulletproof cars from Germany due to the social unrest and upheaval in Iraq at present.

10. 在党的领导下,中国人民已经完成了解放事业。

Under the leadership of the Party, the Chinese people have succeeded in their liberation.

三、词类转换法

I. Conversion: Conversion is also a common practice in Chinese-English

translation. It is to change the parts of speech into another.

借刀杀人

murder sb. with a borrowed sword

徐悲鸿画马画得特别好!

Xu’s drawings of horses are exceptionally good.

II. Verbs

1. Verbs to be converted into Nouns.

1) 林则徐认为,要成功地制止鸦片买卖,就得首先把鸦片销毁。

Lin Zexu believed that a successful ban of the trade in opium should be preceded by a destruction of the drug itself. (v.—n.)

2) 邓小平在―十一大‖上说:―一定要少说空话,多做工作‖。

Deng Xiaoping said at the 11th Party Congress, ―There must be less empty talk and more hard work.‖ (v–n)

3) 绝对不许违反这个原则。

No violation of this principle can be tolerated. (v—n)

4) 采用这种新装置可以大大降低废品率。

The adoption of this new device will greatly cut down the percentage of defective products.

5) 他在讲话中特别强调提高产品质量。

He laid special stress on raising the quality of the products in his speech.

6) 中国人民百年以来不屈不挠、再接再厉地英勇斗争,使得帝国主义至今不能灭亡中国,也永远不能灭亡中国。

Thanks to Chinese people’s unrelenting and heroic struggle during the last hundred years, imperialism has not been able to subjugate China, nor will it ever be able to do so.

7) 他们一不会做工,二不会种地,三不会打仗。

They don’t know a thing about factory work, nor about farm work, nor about military affairs.

2. Verbs to be converted into Adjectives

1) 获息贵国遭受海啸,我们极为关切。

We are deeply concerned at the news that your country has been struck by a tsunami.

2) 他们怀疑他是否能负担得起。

They are doubtful whether he can afford it.

3) 他们不满足于现有的成就。

We are not content with our present achievements.

4) 我们相信,在两市的共同努力下,我们两市的合作必定进一步发展。

We are convinced that with the joint efforts of our two cities, the friendly relation and cooperation between us will develop further.

3. V. –prep. (phrases)

1) 政府支持这个项目。

The government is behind this project.

2) 我们全体赞成他的建议。

We are all for / in favor of his suggestion.

3) 这种人闹什么东西呢?闹名誉,闹地位,闹出风头。

What are these people after? They are after fame and position and want to be in the limelight.

4) 孩子们都上同一个学堂。

The children are in the same school.

5) 我们对待世界大战这个问题的态度是,第一,反对;第二,不怕。

Our attitude towards the question of world war is, first, we are against it; second, we are not afraid of it.

6) 他们不顾一切困难、挫折,坚持战斗。

They kept on fighting in spite of all difficulties and setbacks.

4. Chinese adj. or adv. –-- English noun.

1) 这个问题至关重要。

This issue is of paramount/vital/pivotal importance.

2) 他试图以热情的款待把他的窘态遮盖过去。

He tried to cover up his embarrassment with the enthusiasm of his hospitality.

3) 街中的一切逐渐消逝在灰暗的暮色里。

Everything in the street was gradually disappearing into a pall of gray.

5.Chinese nouns (such as 印象、态度、特点、地位etc.) into English verbs.

1) 他的演讲给听众的印象很深。

His speech impressed the audience deeply.

2) 该厂产品的主要特点是工艺精湛,经久耐用。

The products of this factory are chiefly characterized by their fine workmanship and durability.

3) 社会主义革命的目的是为了解放生产力。

Socialist revolution aims at liberating/emancipating productivity.

6. Others

1) 我们的教育方针,应该使受教育者在德育、智育、体育几方面都得到发展,成为有社会主义觉悟、有文化的劳动者。

Our educational policy must enable everyone who receive an education to develop morally, intellectually, physically and become a worker with both socialist consciousness and culture. (n. – adv.)

2) 你熟悉这种晶体管放大器的性能吗?

Are you familiar with the performance of this type of transistor amplifier?

Step 2 Exercises: (45 min)

Verb to Noun

1 反对三峡工程的人说新形成的水库会淹没许多城镇和乡村。

Opponents to the Three Gorges Dam argued that the new reservoir would flood many cities and villages.

2了解过去有助于了解现在,了解现在有助于预知未来。

An acquaintance of the past is helpful to the acquaintance of the present, which is in turn helpful to the prediction of the future.

3.工人们坚持取消旧的规定,建立新的规章制度。

The workers insisted on the abolishment of the old rules and the establishment of new regulations.

4. 坚持一个中国的原则,是实现和平统一的基础和前提。

Adherence to the principle of One China is the basis and premise for peaceful reunification.

5.他们的儿子令他们失望。

Their son has been a disappointment to them.

6.这本书一问世立即受到人们,特别是大学生的青睐,并多次再版。无须解释人们为什么这么喜爱这本书,因为只要稍加浏览,就可以看到书里反映了文明社会中对于友谊的看法。

This book enjoyed an immediate acceptance, especially among college students,

and was reprinted many times. Its popularity needs no explanation, for a browse through it shows that it reflects the notions of civilized friendship.

Verb to Adj.

1.并不是所有人都喜欢这个计划。

This program was not popular with all of the people.

2.有人建议降低政府开支,提高教师工资。

Some suggested lower government spending and higher salary for teachers. 3.只有加强与世界的联系,中国才能继续执行她的对外开放政策。China’s policy of opening to the world can only be continued by its closer ties with the world.

4.他热爱科学研究,但对升职不感兴趣。

He is keen on scientific research but indifferent to promotion.

5.那个孩子半张着口坐在前排。

That child sat in the front row with his mouth half open.

Verb to Prep.

1.政府正在开展一场反对铺张浪费的运动。

The government is waging a campaign against waste and extravagance.

Noun to Verb

2.水银的重量约为水重量的13倍。

Mercury weighs about thirteen times as much as water.

词语翻译(一):

1.作定语的形容词的译法

译成形容词:大部分可以直接译成英语的形容词

1)他有着矮小的身材。

He is short and slight (in figure).

2)这是一笔肮脏的政治交易。

It is a dirty political deal.

3) 他有个暴脾气。

He has a hot temper.

4) 笨鸟先飞。

Clumsy birds have to start flying earlier—the slow need to start earlier.

5) 那里是碧草如茵。

There is a carpet of green grass there.

译为现在分词:

这是一个动人的故事。

It is a moving story.

残阳如火。

The setting sun is like a fire.

在旧社会他常在炽热的阳光下干活儿。

In the old society he was always working under the blazing sun.

译为过去分词

这是男尊女卑的陈腐观念。

This is the outworn concept that men are superior to women.

那是个臭鸡蛋。

That is a rotten egg.

他是个残废军人。

He is a disabled army man.

他带着诧异的神色。

She wore a surprised look.

他看到了激动的人群。

He saw the excited crowd.

译为词组

这是个彻底的失败。

It was an out and out failure.

他用冰冷的双手把孩子抱在怀里。

He held the child into his arms with his ice-cold hands.

他有许许多多的钱。

He has a large amount of money.

译为名词

温暖的屋子使她感到昏昏欲睡。

The warmth of the room made her sleepy.

他悲哀的脸色表明他后悔不已。

The sadness on his face showed that he was overcome with regret. 译为介词短语

他看到了一片欣欣向荣的景象。

He saw a picture of prosperity.

她凝视着沉寂的深夜中的明月。

In the still of night, she was gazing at the bright moon.

译为副词

众所周知,气体是完全的弹性体。

It is well-known that gases are perfectly elastic.

常温下水银具有很大的稳定性。

At ordinary temperature mercury is greatly stable.

汉语发音跟英语发音有很大的区别。

Chinese differs greatly from English in pronunciation.

这种情景给了我很深的印象。

I was deeply impressed by the sight.

2.作状语或补语的形容词的译法

译成副词

他们粗暴地干涉别国的内政。

They wantonly interfere in the internal affairs of other countries.

这房子盖得很粗陋。

This is a crudely built house.

他走得很慢。

He walked very slowly.

译成介词短语或不定式

他劝她把一切都清清楚楚地写出来。

He advised her to put everything down in black and white.

他被残酷地杀害了。

He was murdered in cold blood.

他把事情安排得对谁都合适。

He so arranged the matter as to suit every one.

译成动词

它被冻死。

It died of frost.

他辛辛苦苦地为写那本书收集资料。

He is taking pains in collecting data for writing that book. 译成形容词

他们损失惨重。

They suffered heavy losses.

他们粗暴地违反了国际惯例。

They acted in gross violation of international practice.

他们的手冻僵了。

Their hands were numb with cold.

3. 作表语、谓语的形容词的译法

译成形容词:

他急于去散步。

He is eager to have a walk.

我和他谈话很愉快。

I found it pleasant to talk to him.

他沉默了一会儿。

He kept silent for a while.

译成名词

很遗憾他没有来。

It’s a pity he hasn’t come.

是他错了。

It’s his fault.

这样做是完全必要的。

To do so is an absolute necessity.

我们的办公室很冷,糟透了。

The coldness of our office is terrible.

译成分词

他的名声早就臭了。

He has long been discredited.

他的心情很沉闷。

He is depressed.

听了这个突如其来的消息,我们都十分诧异。

We were all astonished at the unexpected news.

你们访问我国,我们感到很荣幸。

We feel much honoured to have you to visit our country.

译成动词、动词短语或动词不定式

小心别着凉。

Take care not to catch cold.

你放心好了。

Please rest assured about it.

别着急,我多一张票。

Don’t worry, I have a ticket to spare.

周总理逝世后全国人民都很悲痛。

The whole country grieved over Premier Zhou’s death.

4. 作主语、宾语的形容词的译法

勤恳是学习好的必要条件。

Diligence is one of the requisites in achieving better results in study.

虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后。

Modesty helps one make progress whereas conceit makes one lag behind.

他不喜欢暴风雨前的宁静。

He dislikes the calmness before the storm.

词语翻译(二)

1. 译成副词

我累极了。

I am dead tired. (dog tired)

访问贵国,我们感到很荣幸。

We feel much honored to have come to visit your country.

过去,工作做得最多的人,往往得的工资最少。

Those who worked hardest often got paid least.

2. 译成动词

他们两人刚好编在一个组里。

The two of them happened to be in the same group.

你为什么恰恰不提这一点呢?

Why did you choose to omit this point?

他只好作罢。

He was forced to give up.

3. 译成介词

他们的友谊逐渐发展为爱情。

By degrees their friendship grew into love.

这文章写得不错,只是有几个拼法错误。

The composition is quite all right except for a few spelling mistakes.

我们决不退让。

Under no circumstances will we give in.

那个政府极端腐败。

That government is rotten to the core.

4. 译成分词

天气冷极了。

It is biting cold.

没有桥,我们只得涉水过去。

As there was no bridge, we were obliged to wade across.

5. 译成词组

他忽然不见了。

All of a sudden, he disappeared.

我屡次提醒他要谨慎。

I’ve reminded him over and over again that he should be cautious.

中国是社会主义国家,也是发展中国家。

China is a socialist country and a developing country as well.

今天稍微有点冷。

It is a little cold today.

6. 译成形容词

他是个极有勇气的人。

He is a man of great courage.

这很有道理。

There is much truth in it.

这完全是胡说。

This is sheer nonsense.

人类的历史,就是一个不断从必然王国向自由王国发展的历史。

The history of mankind is one of continuous development from the realm of necessity to the realm of freedom.

她极其讨厌抽烟。

She has a strong dislike for smoking.

稍加修改即可。

It will do if you make slight changes.

这事是极为重要的。

It is of great importance.

把草统统除掉。

Get rid of all the weeds.

人们研究这些材料的特性是为了更好地去利用它们。

In order to make better use of the materials people have studied their properties.

7. 用时态表示

他一直在努力学习。

He has been studying hard.

这点前面已经说过了。

This has been dealt with.

我未曾听说过这样的事。

I’ve never heard of such a thing.

火车就要开了。

The train is about to start.

语气副词的译法

A. 表示强调的语气副词的译法

汉语中这类词有―可‖、―倒‖、―竟‖、―偏‖、―也‖、―难道‖、―决‖、―只好‖ 等。

1. 译成一些表示强调的词,或用疑问句、感叹句和倒装句来表示强调。

你可曾跟他谈过这个问题?

Did you ever talk it over with him?

你可来了!

So you are here at last!

可不是嘛!

That’s just the way it is!

这倒不要紧。

After all this is not important.

他竟说出这种话来!

How could he say such a thing?

这么宏伟的建筑竟用了这么短的时间就完成了。

Such a magnificent building was completed so soon!

想不到他们竟把国家弄成这个样子。

Who would have thought that they should turn the country into such a state?

难道这一点困难还不能克服吗?

Can’t we overcome even such small difficulties?

我们决不退让。

Under no circumstances will we give in.

2. 把被强调的部分放在主语或表语的位置

秋天才是北京最美丽的季节。

Autumn is when Beijing is most beautiful.

正是那些书才最吸引他。

What attracted him most were those books.

我看见的正是老王。

The person I saw was Lao Wang.

就是他在昨天做的那个梦变成了现实。

What has become true is the dream he had last night.

3. 用对比或重复的方法

他正是我的弟弟。

He is no other than my brother.

这本书就是由刘先生这个人写的。

This book was written by Mr. Liu, not by others.

4. 用含有it 的强调结构

正是樵夫在屋内留下的那些线索才帮助我们了解了他的历史。

It was those traces which the chopper had left that helped us to learn his history.

你究竟是怎么惹他生那么大的气?

How was it that you made him so angry?

B. 表转折语气的副词的译法:连词、介词短语、词组或副词

他却反咬一口。

On the other hand he makes a countercharge.

他倒把事情弄僵了。

Contrary to my expectation, the matter has been made worse by him.

他本想省事,没想倒是费事了。

He wanted to save himself trouble but actually he gave himself more.

你要去,她偏不去。

You wanted to go, but she insisted on not going on purpose.

词语翻译(三):

汉语的连词:

并列连词:和、跟、同、与、及、以及、并、并且、而、而且、或、或者、不但……而且、或者……或者……

从属连词:因为……所以、何况、况且、尽管、不论、无论、由于、只有……才、除非、如果、即使、然而……

并列连词的译法

1译为英语相应的并列连词:and, as, but, both…and, though, for, either...or, neither…nor, or, nor, however, nevertheless, while, then, yet

不是他该受责备就是我该受责备。

Either he is to blame or I am.

他说它是白色的,但是他错了。

He said it was white; however, he was mistaken.

天色已暗,尽管如此,他还在工作。

It was dark; nevertheless, he went on working.

他既健康又活泼。

He is lively as well as healthy.

他既不求名,又不求利。

He wants neither fame nor wealth.

2. 译为英语的关系代词

我们现在多么尊重张教授,可是从前我们总是轻视他。

How much we respect Professor Zhang, whom we used to despise so much.

他要小郑拿一杯茶,但她装作没听见。

He asked Xiao Zheng to bring a cup of tea, who pretended not to hear.

他对孩子们很不耐烦,可她却很少这样。

He was very impatient with the children, which she seldom was.

你一旦答应了她你要来,你就得来。

Once you have promised her to come, you have to come.

既然你要成功,你就得鼓起勇气。

Since you want to succeed, you must pluck up your courage.

只要你择定日期,我一定来。

I’ll come on condition that you name the day.

由于她已达到法定结婚年龄,你不应阻止她结婚。

Seeing that she’s lawfully old enough to get married, you should not stop her.

从属连词的译法

1译成英语相应的连词:

After, although, as, as soon as, as long as, as if, as though, as…as…, before, because, but if, even if, in order that, in case that, if, lest, than, now that, seeing that, until, unless, when, while, though, provided that…

他虽然成功了,却不骄傲。

Successful as he is, he is not proud.

太阳一定落下去了,因为天色渐渐暗下来了。

The sun must have set, for it is growing dark.

2. 译为英语的副词:so, though, however, if only, so

他忙得很,所以不能来。

He was very busy; therefore, he could not come.

无论多么艰难,总之要尽你的力量去做。

However hard it may be, try your best.

虽然他说她要来,可是结果没来。

He said she would come, though she didn’t.

3. 译为“and”

如果说了实话,你就不必害怕。

Speak the truth and you needn’t have fear.

你给了他们希望,也就给了他们生命。

You give them hope and give them life.

4. 译为英语的关系代词、连接代词或关系形容词

如果谁不劳动,谁就不能得食。

He, who does not work, shall not eat.

无论谁去,我都没意见。

Whoever goes, I shall have no objections.

无论你走哪一条路,你都可以到达那里。

Whichever way you take, you’ll be there.

那位科学家虽然已经非常疲惫,仍继续进行实验。

The scientist,who was dog-tired,went on with the experiment.

计算机尽管有许多优点,但它不能进行创造性的工作,也不能代替人。

Electronic computers,which have many advantages,can not carry out creative work and replace man.

由于电阻小,铜被广泛地用来输送电流。

Copper,which offers very little resistance,is used widely for carrying electricity.

5. 译为英语的复合结构

如果天气允许,我明早八点钟来。

Weather permitting, I’ll come at eight tomorrow morning.

由于再也没什么可讨论的了,他们回家去了。

No further discussion arising, they went home.

6. 译为英语的分词、分词短语、形容词、形容词短语、不定式短语

由于采用这个方法,他克服了困难。

Having adopted this method, he overcame the difficulties.

他的英文很好,所以赢得了她的羡慕。

Being so good at English, he was admired by her.

不知该怎么办,她开始哭起来。

Not knowing what to do, she began to cry.

由于一路很劳累,他病了。

Exhausted by the journey,He became ill. 7. 用倒装语序或no matter how/what/when

如果他有时间,我们一定回来。

Had he time, we would certainly come.

不管你说什么,我必须开舞会。

Say what you may, I must give a ball.

无论你什么时候来,我都欢迎。

No matter when you come, you’re welcome.

英汉词语比较与翻译

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