从敦煌五代牒状写本看五代书法的过渡特色

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从敦煌五代牒状写本看五代书法的过渡特色作者：王明

来源：《敦煌研究》2015年第03期

内容摘要：大量敦煌五代牒状写本的发现为重新定位五代书法的桥梁作用提供了丰富的实物资料。从中可以看到五代对唐代书法的取舍与传承，尤其明显的是“颜柳”两大家书法在五代的接受与影响。五代书法有其自身的美学追求，萧散高远成为乱世之最高审美理想，这一美学理想在敦煌五代牒状写本中得到了更多的证实。而敦煌五代牒状写本多种多样的章法形制对宋代尺牍书风的形成产生了深远的影响。从唐代的外向书风到宋代的内向经营，五代书法承前启后的桥梁作用是不可忽视的。

关键词：五代;敦煌;牒状写本;书法;过渡特色

中图分类号：G256.1;J292.11 ;文献标识码：A ;文章编号：1000-4106（2015）03-0039-08

Transitional Characteristics of the Five Dynasties Calligraphy Indicated by Dunhuang Official Documents

WANG Ming

（School of Humanities and Social Science，Xi’an Jiaotong University， Xi'an， Shaanxi 710049）

Abstract： Many official documents of the Five Dynasties found in large number at Dunhuang have provided rich physical evidence for re-identifying the role of Five Dynasties calligraphy as a communicative bridge. From these abundant materials we can see how Tang dynasty calligraphy was developed and inherited， the calligraphical styles created by two great Tang dynasty calligraphers，Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongyuan， being particularly influential during the Five Dynasties. Amidst the chaos of the Five Dynasties， the highest aesthetic pursuit in calligraphy was to be natural and unrestrained， as can be seen from Dunhuang official documents of the Five Dynasties. The diversified writing styles and compositions in turn exerted far-reaching influence on the emergence of the calligraphy of letters in the Song dynasty. It should not be neglected that the Five Dynasties calligraphy acted as a bridge between the extroverted style of the Tang dynasty and the introverted style of the Song dynasty.

Keywords： Five Dynasties; Dunhuang; official documents; calligraphy; transitional characteristics

敦煌藏经洞遗书的发现，不仅使敦煌学成为国际显学，而且数以万计的经卷写本跨越7

个世纪，形成了瀚如烟海的敦煌书法库，为中国书法的研究提供了丰富翔实的实物资料。就五代书法来说，敦煌文书的出土更具意义。因为在此之前，五代书法的遗迹非常少，对五代书法