6妙解第一篇第九章非谓语动词(已解密20101105)

第九章　非谓语动词

巧记动词不定式的用法

动词不定式是中学英语中一个较难的语法项目,如何快速记忆和准确使用它呢?请看下面一则口诀:

不定式有标记,to与动原连一起①三

没有人称数变化,动词特点它具备②三

主宾定状表补语,唯独作谓不可以③三

not加上不定式,否定结构要牢记④三

疑问词与不定式,构成短语有意义⑤三

仔细推敲多思考,准确判断有依据⑥三

to+动词原形”是它的基本构成形式,即不定式的标记三

它没有人称和数的变化,不管主语是任何人称二单数还是复数,动词不定式

都没有变化三但它仍保留动词的特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语三

它具有名词二形容词和副词三大特征,所以,它在句中可以作主语二宾语二定

语二表语二状语和宾补三

not+动词不定式”是它的否定形式,不要受其他否定式的影响,要记住

规律三

疑问代词(what,who,whom,which)和疑问副词(where,when,why,how)加上

不定式在句中可以作主语二宾语二表语二状语三

通过以上分析,只要仔细研究,把不定式的功能用法搞清楚,在应用时就能

作出准确的判断三

给下列各题选出一个最佳答案三

1.Our parents often tell us not alone in the river in summer.A.swim B.to swim C.swimming

(2007四长沙卷) 2.Alice asked me another bag for her.

A.get

B.got

C.to get

D.getting

(2007四北京卷) 3.Drivers are warned when they are tired.

A.to drive

B.not drive

C.not to drive

(2007四佛山市卷) 4. Linda,I am very thirsty.

Let’s go to the nearest supermarket some drinks,OK?

A.buy

B.bought

C.to buy

D.buying

(2007四齐齐哈尔卷) 5.Cars cause most of Beijing’s air pollu?tion.So the No Car Day”campaign (活动)asks Beijing drivers their cars at home one day each month.

A.leave

B.leaving

C.to leave

(2006四哈尔滨卷) 6. Have you decided to Wu?

han?

Yes.I’ll go there by train.It’s much

cheaper than by plane.

A.when to go

B.how to go

C.where to go

D.whom to go

(2006四湖北宜昌卷) 7.(课改实验区考生做)

You are so busy.What do you want me for you?

A.do

B.done

C.to do

D.doing (非课改实验区考生做)

Our teacher always tell us more English in and out of class. A.speak B.spoken C.to speak D.speaking

(2006四重庆卷) 8.He came me his new science book.

A.to show

B.show

C.shows

D.showed

(2006四重庆新课标卷) https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5511148614.html,st summer I took a course on the computer.

A.how to use

B.how to be used

C.to use

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5511148614.html,ed

10.The chair looks very hard,but in fact, it is very comfortable . A.to sit B.to sit on

C.to be sat

D.to be sat on

11.Where for the night has not been decided.

A.staying

B.to stay

C.stayed

D.stay

12.It is impolite you not to the theatre with your friend.

A.for;to go

B.for;go

C.of;to go

D.of;go

13.The greatest happiness of life is and .

A.loved;love

B.love;loved

C.to love;loved

D.to love;to be loved

14. all about English is one thing;to know English is quite another.

A.Knowing

B.To know

C.To be known

D.Knew

15. honest,I don’t care about what he said.A.To be B.To do C.Being D.Be

Key:1.B　2.C　3.C　4.C　5.C　6.B　7.C　8.A　9.A　10.B 11.B　12.C　13.D　14.B　15.A

to字离开又回来

不定式作某些及物动词的宾语补足语须省略to,而作主语补足语时必须恢复to三这种现象可总结为口诀:

不定式作宾补,下列动词to省去:

五看二三使役,二听一感半帮助三

若是宾补变主补,to字面目要恢复三

五看:see,watch,notice,observe,look at三如:

I saw him leave the room.

我看见他离开了房间三

They watched the sun set behind the trees.

他们看着太阳在树后面落下去三

Did you notice me leave the house?

你有没有注意到我离开那座房子?

I looked at him jump.

我看着他跳的三

三使役:let,make,have三如:

She lets her children stay up very late.

她让孩子呆到很晚不睡觉三

The landlord made the farmhands work long hours.

那地主强迫长工长时间劳动三

The soldiers had him stand with his back to his father.

士兵们让他背对着他父亲站着三

二听:hear,listen to三如:

We often hear her sing.

我们常听见她唱歌三

Please listen to me sing a song.

请听我唱支歌三

一感:feel三如:

Did you feel the earth move?

你感到地震动了吗?

半帮助:help三指动词不定式作help的宾语补足语时,可带to,也可不带to三如:

Will you help me(to)find my pen?

请帮我找找钢笔,好吗?

以上句子若是变为被动句,则宾语补足语变成主语补足语,并且不定式符号 to”要恢复三如:

He was seen to leave the room.

The farmhands were made to work long hours.

She was heard to sing in the next room.

给下列各题选出一个最佳答案三

1. How do you feel when you see the national flag of China?

It makes me proud. A.feel B.to feel C.felt D.feeling

(2007四包头卷) 2.Linda often helps her mother the housework on weekends.

A.do

B.doing

C.does

(2007四常德卷) 3.Time goes by so fast.We must never miss the chance to show love for our parents and make them how much they mean to us.

A.to know

B.knowing

C.know

(2007四哈尔滨卷) 4.Don’t make me this or that. I’m too busy!

A.to do

B.do

C.doing

D.done

(2006四徐州卷) 5.Jane likes singing.We often hear her after class.

A.sing

B.to sing

C.sings

D.sang

(2006四河北卷) 6.Though he had often made his little sister ,today he was made by his little sister. A.cry;to cry B.crying;crying

C.cry;cry

D.to cry;cry

7.Don’t let the dog any noise.

A.to make

B.making

C.make

D.made

8.He can not help but that he was wrong.

A.admit

B.admitting

C.to admit

D.has admitted

Key:1.A　2.A　3.C　4.A　5.D　6.A　7.C　8.A

感官使役动词用法口诀

感使动词真奇怪,to 在句中像妖怪三主动句里to 走开,被动句里to 回来三动词let 要除外,to 词可来可不来

三

The boss made Bob work twelve hours a day.Bob was made to work twelve hours a

day.

We often hear her sing in the next room.She is often heard to sing in the next

room.

Her mother doesn’t let her watch TV late.She isn’t let to watch TV late.She isn’t let watch TV late.

给下列各题选出一个最佳答案三

1. Many teenagers are made what they’re not . I agree.A.to do;interested B.to do;interested in C.do;interested in D.doing;interested in

(2007四呼和浩特卷)

2.This photo often makes me of my teachers in the primary school.A.think B.to think C.thinks

D.thinking

(2007四吉林卷)3.Colours can change our moods and

make us

happy or sad,ener?

getic or sleepy.A.to feel B.feeling

C.felt

D.feel

(2006四南京卷)

4.I heard mother with father in

the next room at ten last night.

A.talk

B.talking

C.to talk

D.is talking

5.Don’t have the boy

in the

street.A.play

B.playing

C.to play

D.played

6.Let him into the office.

A.not to come

B.to not come

C.not come

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5511148614.html,ing not

Key:1.B　2.A　3.D　4.B　5.A　6.C

of与for的选用有巧法

先请看下面两个句子:

1.It’s right of you to do it.

2.It’s easy for you to do it.

这两个句子的结构相同,为什么句2用for,句1却用of呢?换句话说,在 It is+adj.+of(for)+sb.to do sth.”这个句型中,怎样确定用of还是用for呢?

在一般情况下,我们可使用以下两条规则来解决of与for的纠葛三

如果句中的形容词表示的是sb.的某种特征或品质,即句中的sb.和adj.所

构成的主谓关系(主语+连系动词+形容词)合乎逻辑,应用of三如句1变成You are right.合乎逻辑三如:

It is kind of you to help me.

你帮助我真是太好了三

It was foolish of us to do so.

我们这样做真是太傻了三

常用于该句型的形容词有:right,kind,nice,good,clever,wise,polite,brave, strong,wrong,foolish等三

如果这个形容词所表示的不是sb.的某种特征或品质,即句中的sb.和adj.所构成的主谓关系不合逻辑,则用for三如句2变成You are easy.不合乎逻辑三再如:

It’s difficult for me to work out the problem.

我要算出这道题目太难了三

It’s very important for students to learn English well.

对于学生们来说,学好英语是很重要的三

常用于该句型的形容词有:easy,difficult,hard,important,impossible,safe, dangerous,necessary等三

一二请用of或for填空三

1.It’s hard my brother to do the job.

2.It was wrong you to say such words yesterday.

3.It is polite you to come here on time.

4.It’s too easy you to do the work.

二二给下列各题选出一个最佳答案三

1.It’s very nice pictures for me.

A.of you to draw

B..for you to draw

C.for you drawing

D.of you drawing

(2007四天津卷) 2.Many people think it’s very important us learn English well.

A.for,to

B.to,to

C.with,for

(2007四贵阳卷) 3.It’s polite for students hello to teachers.

A.to say

B.saying

C.says

(2007四齐齐哈尔卷) 4.Be quiet!It’s time an Eng?lish class.

A.for us to have

B.of us to have

C.for us having

(2007四常德卷)

Key:一二l.for　2.of　3.of　4.for

二二1.A 2.A 3.A 4.A

巧记须跟非谓语动词作宾语的动词

动词不定式和?ing动词作宾语是历年中考的热点,而接这两种形式的动词又比较复杂三有的动词后只接?ing动词作宾语;有的动词只接不定式作宾语;有的动词既可接不定式,也可接动词?ing作宾语三学生很难掌握三

现把初中阶段的这些动词进行归类,采用记两头定中间的方式进行记忆:(见图)

doing to do to do/doing

A C B

A.在初中阶段只接动词?ing形式作宾语的词有:enjoy(喜欢), finish(结束),mind(介意),keep(保持),feel like(想要),practise(训练),can’t help(忍不住),prefer...to...(比起 来还是 好;喜欢 (而不喜欢 ))等三

为了方便记忆,笔者提供一句口诀来记忆这些单词:

保持喜欢(不)介意,忍不住想要结束训练三

We kept(on)passing the ball to each other.我们不停地相互传球三I enjoy swimming.我喜欢游泳三

I prefer reading to watching TV.相对于看电视,我更喜欢读书三Do you mind me smoking?你介意我抽烟吗?

We can’t help laughing at last.最后我们忍不住笑了起来三

But I don’t feel like eating.但是我不想吃三

He has finished doing his homework already.他已经做完了他的家庭作业三

B.在初中阶段既能接动词不定式又能接动词?ing作宾语的词并不多,同时又分两种情况三

1.动词后接动词不定式和动词?ing形式作宾语,意思相差不大的单词有:begin(开始),start(开始),like(喜欢),love(爱),hate(讨厌;恨),prefer(更喜欢)三为方便记忆,特提供顺口溜如下:

我开始喜欢爱与恨,更喜欢这些单词三

(1)begin和start后接动词不定式和动词?ing形式,意思差别不大三

如:

They began to talk(talking)about it.他们开始谈论这事三They started to work(working)on the machine.

他们开始在机床上工作了三

(2)like,love,hate,prefer后接动词不定式和动词?ing形式时,含义稍有不同三如:

He likes listening to music.(表示习惯性的爱好)他喜欢听音乐三He likes to listen to Happy Birthday to You this evening.

(表示具体的一次行为)今晚他喜欢听‘祝你生日快乐“这首歌三He prefers swimming.他更爱好游泳三

He prefers to swimming.他更喜欢去游泳三

2.初中阶段有些动词,如:remember,forget,stop,try,go on等,后接?ing动词或不定式作宾语,意义有很大的差别三见下表:

动词后接v.?ing形式后接动词不定式stop停止做手头上的事(不做了)停下手头上的事去做另一件事forget忘记曾做过某事(事已做了)忘记去干某事(该做而却没有做) remember记得曾做过某事(是否已做了)记住要去做某事(该做而还没有做) try尝试着做某事尽力去做某事

go on继续做某事(指同一件事)接着去做某事(指另一件事) 为了方便记忆,请尝试如下顺口溜:

尝试继续不停止,尽力记住不忘记三

Why not try going to school by bike?为什么不骑自行车上学呢? We should try to study English.我们应该尽力把英语学好三After she finished reading,she went on to write.她读完了又接着写三

She went on doing her homework all through the day.

她昨天一整天都在做作业三

When the teacher came in,the students stopped talking.

当老师进来时,学生们停止了讲话三

When the teacher went out,the students stopped to talk.

当老师出去时,学生们开始讲话三

I remember opening the door just now.我记得刚才开了那门三Please remember to close the door after work.记住下班后关门三I forgot telling him the news.我忘记已经告诉他这个消息了三

I forgot to tell him the news.我忘记告诉他这个消息了三

C.在初中阶段有的动词只能接动词不定式作宾语三如果记住了属于A和B条的动词,剩下的就属于C条了,也就是所谓的记两头(A,B条)定中间(C条)三这些动词有:want,would like,ask,decide, hope,wish,find,need等等三举例如下:

I would like to go out for a walk.我要出去散散步三

He decided to study English well.他决定把英语学好三

I found it difficult to study English.我觉得学好英语很难三The car needs to be mended.这辆车需要修理了三

给下列各题选出一个最佳答案三

1. There goes the bell.

It’s time for class.Let’s stop .

A.talk

B.to talk

C.talking

D.not talk

(2007四福州卷) 2. Mr Wang,I have trouble the text.

Remember it three times at least.

A.to understand;reading

B.understanding;reading

C.understanding;to read

D.to understand;to read

(2007四威海卷) 3. So hot in the classroom.Would you mind the windows?

OK.I’ll do it right now.

A.not closing

B.not opening

C.closing

D.opening

(2007四黄冈卷) 4.Would you mind me now English words?

A.tell;to remember

B.telling;remember

C.telling;to remember

D.tell;remember

(2007四呼和浩特卷) 5. Are you afraid of at home,

Linda?

No,I’ve grown up.

A.alone

B.being alone

C.lonely

D.being lonely

(2006四兰州卷) 6.She ought to stop ,she has a headache because she too long.

A.to work;was reading

B.to work;has read

C.working;has read

D.working;read

(2006四兰州卷) 7.Sam enjoys stamps.And now he has226of them.

A.to collect

B.collected

C.collects

D.collecting

(2006四北京卷)

8.My aunt enjoys in this city.

A.live

B.lives

C.to live

D.living

(2006四重庆新课标卷)

9.It’s important the piano well.

A.of him to play

B.for him to play

C.of him playing

D.for him playing

(2006四天津卷) 10.When class began,we stopped to the teacher carefully.

A.listening

B.listen

C.listens

D.to listen

(天津卷) 11.The teacher often tells Jim and John too much time playing video games.

A.not to spend

B.to not spend

C.don’t spend

D.doesn’t spend

(上海卷) 12. Would you mind a few

minutes?

No,not at all.

A.wait

B.to wait

C.waited

D.waiting

(重庆卷) 13.She has no paper .

A.to write

B.to write with

C.writing on

D.to write on

(重庆卷)

14.He found it hard his class.

A.to catch up

B.catch up with

C.catch up

D.to catch up with

(重庆卷) 15.Thank you for me with my English.

A.help

B.to help

C.helping

D.helped

(哈尔滨卷) 16.Li Ming was too tired.So he rest.

A.stops to have a

B.stopped to have a

C.stopped have a

D.stopped having a

(辽宁卷) 17.Uncle Wang can make his kite higher in the sky. A.fly B.flies

C.to fly

D.flying

(河南卷) 18.Would you please tell Kate my best wishes to everybody? A.gave B.giving C.to give D.gives

(山西卷)

19.Who was the first one ?

A.to reach

B.to arrive

C.to get to

D.to arrive at

(济南卷) 20.The young man was often seen by the lake.

A.to draw

B.to drawing

C.draw

D.drew

(济南卷) 21. Could you please tell me

the Christmas?

Sure.

A.how to decorate

B.how decorate

C.how to celebrate

D.how celebrate

(2004·黄冈卷) 22. I’m sorry I my exercise

book at home.

Don’t forget it to school

tomorrow,please.

A.forgot;to take

B.left;to bring

C.forgot;to bring

D.left;to take

(南京卷) 23.Tom’s mother told him be late again.

A.didn’t

B.doesn’t

C.not

D.not to

(长沙卷) 24.Let’s them play basketball, shall we?

A.to watch

B.watch

C.watched

D.watching

(贵阳卷) 25.The teacher told us more English in class.

A.speak

B.speaking

C.to speak

D.spoke

(贵阳卷) 26.It’s so hot.Why swimming with us?

A.not go

B.don’t go

C.not you go

D.not to go

(云南卷) 27.Here is your hat.Don’t forget when you .

A.to put it on;leave

B.to wear it;leave

C.to wear it;will leave

D.putting it on;will leave

(安徽卷) 28. Do you often hear John

in his room?

Listen!Now we can hear him

in his room.

A.sing;to sing

B.singing;singing

C.sing;singing

D.to sing;singing

(安徽卷) 29.When they walked along the river, they suddenly heard somebody for help.

A.called

B.call

C.calling

D.calls

(南昌卷)

30.It’s time .

A.going to bed

B.goes to bed

C.went to bed

D.to go to bed

(贵阳卷)

Key:1.C　2.C　3.D　4.C　5.B　6.B　7.D　8.D　9.B　10.D 11.A　12.D　13.D　14.D　15.C　16.B　17.A　18.C 19.B　20.A　21.C　22.B　23.D　24.B　25.C　26.A 27.A　28.C　29.C　30.D