全国翻译专业八级考试大纲
附件1
全国翻译专业八级考试大纲（试行）
第一部分笔译科目
SYLLABUS FOR Test for Translation and Interpreting Major 8 (TTIM-8)
（Translation）
笔译科目总则
本考试大纲依据《高等学校翻译专业本科教学质量国家标准》（以下简称《翻译专业国家标准》）制定。根据《翻译专业国家标准》规定的专业培养目标和专业培养规格，遵照科学、客观、有效、可信、可行和公平的教育评价原则，制定《全国翻译专业八级笔译考试规范》。
本考试大纲针对翻译专业八级笔译考试的目的、性质、范围、内容和评分等方面做出规定。
一、考试目的
本考试的目的是评估《翻译专业国家标准》在翻译本科专业教学中的实施效果，科学、公平、有效地考察学生是否达到《翻译专业国家标准》所规定的教学要求，检验专业教学质量，反馈教学，改进教学管理，保证教学有效性，准确地衡量本专业学生在跨文化语际沟通情境下完成英汉双语互译翻译任务的能力。考试成绩也可作为学生自我专业能力评价或用人单位录用决策的参考依据。
二、考试性质与范围
本考试属于标准参照性学业考试。考试范围包括《要求》所规定的翻译能力、翻译知识等。
三、考试对象与时间
本考试对象主要为全国普通高等院校本科阶段翻译专业四年级学生，每年举行一次，具体日期由考试中心公布。考试总时长为180分钟。
四、考试形式
本考试采用机考形式。
五、考试内容与选材
本考试由四个部分组成。各部分考试内容、题型、时间和所占分值比例如下：
选材原则：考试材料遵循选材真实、题材广泛和体裁多样的原则。考试材料主题包括政治、经济、文化、社会、科技、历史、地理、文学等领域。文本类型包括记叙性材料、说明性材料、论述性材料、指示性材料和社交性材料。体裁包括学术著作、期刊文章、报告、评论、演讲稿、新闻报道、建议书、说明书、合同、散文、小说等。
第二部分口译科目
SYLLABUS FOR Test for Translation and Interpreting Major 8 (TTIM-8)
（Interpreting）
口译科目总则
根据2014年《高等学校翻译专业本科教学质量国家标准》（以下简称《国标》）及2012年出版的《高等学校翻译专业本科教学要求》（试行）（以下简称《要求》）规定，专业教育阶段（三、四年级）注重培养学生的口译实际操作能力，使学生掌握各种场合的口译技能，掌握作为职业译者所应具备的基本知识与技能，熟知两种语言与文化的异同，具备良好的职业道德与一定的口译实践经验。
依据《要求》精神，初步拟定翻译专业八级考试大纲（口译）如下。
一、考试目的
本考试的目的是全面检查已完成翻译专业专业本科教育阶段课程的学生是否达到了
《要求》所规定的各项翻译专业技能要求，考核学生综合运用各项基本技能的能力以及学生对相应内容的掌握程度。
二、考试性质与范围
本考试属于标准参照性教学检测类考试。考试范围包括《要求》所规定的翻译能力、翻译知识等。
三、考试对象与时间
本考试对象主要为全国普通高等院校本科阶段翻译专业四年级学生。考试安排在本科阶段第八学期举行，每年举行一次，具体日期由考试中心公布。考试总时长为85分钟。
四、考试形式
本考试分为笔试和口试两个部分，均采用机考形式。为了有效地考核学生综合运用各项基本技能的能力，既兼顾考试的科学性、客观性，又考虑到考试的可行性以及专业教育阶段翻译能力测评的特点，本考试采用多种试题形式，以保证考试的信度和效度。
五、考试内容
本考试包括六个部分：听力理解、百科知识、职业道德、概要口述、对话口译、交替传译。该六部分构成两份试卷，试卷一（Part One）包括前三部分；试卷二（Part Two）包括后三部分，整个考试用时85分钟。
试卷的题型、题数、计分、比重和时间如下：
注：试卷各部分采用记权方式，折算成百分制。以60分为及格标准。多项选择题每题只能选一个答案，多选作废；多项选择题只算答对的题数，答错不扣分。多项选择题由计算机读卷。考试不允许使用词典及其他工具书。
试卷的各部分测试要求、测试形式、测试目的与选材原则如下：
I．听力理解（Part I：English Listening Comprehension）
1. 测试要求
（1）考生具备扎实的语言知识：掌握所学外语的语音、词汇和语法知识。
（2）考试时间为15分钟。
2. 测试形式
本题采用填空题形式，要求考生听1-2篇长度共1000个英语单词左右的对话或
演讲，在答题卷中150词左右的概要空格处写出原文单词或词组。试题播放完毕后，将有5分钟时间供考生检查更正。
3. 测试目的
测试考生的英语理解、逻辑分析、听力笔记三种能力。
4. 选材原则
（1）对话部分的内容涉及文化交流、商务会谈等场合的内容。
（2）演讲部分的内容为学生所熟悉的一般新闻报道、短评或讲话等。
II．百科知识（Part II：Encyclopedic Knowledge）
1.测试要求：
（1）考生能掌握所学外语国家的政治、经济、文化、社会、地理、历史、文学、科技等领域的基本知识以及从事相关行业翻译所需的相关专业知识。
（2）考试时间为10分钟。
2.测试形式：
本题采用多项选择题的形式，要求考生从每题的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案，共10题。
3.测试目的：
测试考生对所学外语国家的政治、经济、文化、社会、地理、历史、文学、科技等领域的基本知识以及从事相关行业翻译所需的相关专业知识的掌握情况。
4.测试范围：
考生所学外语国家的政治、经济、文化、社会、地理、历史、文学、科技等领域的基本知识以及从事相关行业翻译所需的相关专业知识。
III．职业道德（Part III：Ethics of the Profession）
1.测试要求
（1）考生了解语言服务产业的基本运作机制和职业规范；
（2）考试时间为15分钟。
2.测试形式
本题采用多项选择题的形式，要求考生从每题的四个选择项中选出两个最佳答案，共5题。
3.测试目的
测试考生对语言服务产业基本运作机制和职业规范的掌握。
4.选材原则
测试内容基于语言服务产业基本运作机制和口译职业规范要求。
IV．概要口述（Part IV：Oral Summary）
1.测试要求
（1）考生具备较强的所学外语的输入和输出能力。
（2）考生能听懂正常语速的广播、电视节目和影视作品。
（3）考试时间为10分钟。
2.测试形式
本部分采用听对话或演讲后口头阐述文章概要的形式，分两节Section A and Section B，共2道题。每篇文章为600-1000个英语单词/汉字，以正常速度（每分钟120英语单词/每分钟220汉字）播放一次，考试进行方式如下：
Section A English to Chinese Oral Summary：本节要求学生先听英语文章，听完后，在90秒内使用汉语做口头阐述。
Section B Chinese to English Oral Summary：本节要求学生先听汉语文章，
听完后，在90秒内使用英语做口头阐述。
3.测试目的
测试考生的语言理解能力、逻辑分析能力和双语转换能力。
4.选材原则
（1）对话部分的内容涉及文化交流、商务会谈等场合的内容。
（2）演讲部分的内容为学生所熟悉的一般新闻报道、短评或讲话等。
V．对话口译（Part VI：Dialogue Interpreting）
1.测试要求：
（1）考生具备较强的英语输入和输出能力以及较高的汉语水平。发音正确、吐字清晰、语流顺畅、语速适中、无明显语法错误。
（2）考生具备较强的跨文化交际意识，对文化差异有敏感性，能采用得体的策略处理文化冲突问题。
（3）考生能胜任中等难度的文化交流、商务会谈等场合的联络口译工作，能运用口译技巧传递源语信息、无明显错译和漏译。
（4）考试时间为10分钟。
2.测试形式：
本题采取听录音做翻译的方式进行，要求考生将一段250字/词左右的对话分别译成英语或汉语。对话录音中，每隔几秒钟或几十秒钟后有一段停顿，停顿时间约为播放录音时间的1.5-2倍，该时间是留给考生翻译的时间。听录音时，考生无需做笔记。
3.测试目的
测试考生的跨文化交际意识和联络口译能力。
4. 选材原则
（1）对话内容涉及考生所学外语国家的政治、经济、文化、社会、地理、历史、文学、科技等领域，主要为迎来送往、旅游观光、商场购物、宴请招待、
会展服务及商务考察等联络口译场景。
（2）对话内容篇幅共250字/词，语速约为英语每分钟120-150字/词，汉语每分钟220-240字/词。
VI．交替传译（Part VII：Consecutive Interpreting）
1.测试要求
（1）考生具备较强的英语听辨能力以及较高的汉语表达水平。发音正确、吐字清晰、语流顺畅、语速适中、无明显语法错误。
（2）考生具备较强的跨文化交际意识，对文化差异有敏感性，能采用得体的策略处理文化冲突问题。
（3）考生能胜任一般难度的英汉会议交替传译工作，能运用口译技巧传递源语信息、无明显错译和漏译。
（4）考试时间为25分钟。
2.测试形式
本题采取听录音做翻译的方式进行，分两节Section A and Section B，共2道题。
Section A English to Chinese Consecutive Interpreting：本节要求考生将一段300词左右的英语短文译成汉语。讲话录音中，每隔30秒钟左右后有一段停顿，停顿时间约为播放录音时间的1.5倍，该时间是留给考生翻译的时间。听录音时，考生可以做笔记，并充分利用停顿的时间进行翻译。
Section B Chinese to English Consecutive Interpreting：本节要求考生将一段300字左右的汉语短文译成英语，并同时录在磁带上。讲话录音中，每隔30秒左右后
有一段停顿，停顿时间约为播放录音时间的2倍，该时间是留给考生翻译的时间。听录音时，考生可以做笔记，并充分利用停顿的时间进行翻译。
3.测试目的
测试考生的跨文化交际意识和英汉双向会议交替传译能力。
4.选材原则
（1）短文内容涉及考生所学外语国家的政治、经济、文化、社会、地理、历史、文学、科技等领域的基本知识以及从事相关行业翻译所需的相关专业知识。
（2）短文内容篇幅约为300词，语速约为英语每分钟120-150字/词，汉语每分钟220-240字/词。
最新近十年英语专业八级考试翻译原题及参考答案-
2007年英语专业八级考试翻译原题及参考答案 C-E:暮色中，河湾里落满云霞，与天际的颜色混合一起，分不清哪是流云哪是水湾。也就在这一幅绚烂的图画旁边，在河湾之畔，一群羊正在低头觅食。它们几乎没有一个顾得上抬起头来，看一眼这美丽的黄昏。也许它们要抓紧时间，在即将回家的最后一刻再次咀嚼。这是黄河滩上的一幕。牧羊人不见了，他不知在何处歇息。只有这些美生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。这儿水草肥美，让它们长得肥滚滚的，像些胖娃娃。如果走近了，会发现它们那可爱的神情，洁白的牙齿，那丰富而单纯的表情。如果稍稍长久一点端详这张张面庞，还会生出无限的怜悯。 Beside this picture with profusions of colors, a group of sheep are lowing their heads, eating by the river bank. Hardly none of them would spare some time to raise their eyes to have a glance at the beautiful dusk. They are, perhaps, taking use of every minute to enjoy their last chew before being driven home. This is a picture of the Yellow River bank, in which the shepherd disappears, and no one knows where he is resting himself. Only the sheep, however, as free creatures, are joyfully appreciating the dusk. The exuberant water plants have nutrited the sheep, making them grow as fat as balls. When approaching near, you would find their lily-white teeth and a variety of innocent facial impressions.
近十年英语专业八级考试翻译原题及参考答案-
20０7年英语专业八级考试翻译原题及参考答案 C－Ｅ：暮色中,河湾里落满云霞，与天际得颜色混合一起，分不清哪就是流云哪就是水湾。也就在这一幅绚烂得图画旁边，在河湾之畔,一群羊正在低头觅食。它们几乎没有一个顾得上抬起头来,瞧一眼这美丽得黄昏。也许它们要抓紧时间,在即将回家得最后一刻再次咀嚼。这就是黄河滩上得一幕。牧羊人不见了，她不知在何处歇息.只有这些美生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。这儿水草肥美,让它们长得肥滚滚得，像些胖娃娃.如果走近了，会发现它们那可爱得神情,洁白得牙齿,那丰富而单纯得表情。如果稍稍长久一点端详这张张面庞，还会生出无限得怜悯。 Besｉde tｈis pictuｒｅwithｐｒoｆuｓiｏnｓof colorｓ, a grｏup of sheｅp aｒe lｏwing tｈeir heads,ｅａｔing by ｔｈe riｖer bank、Hardly ｎone oｆｔｈｅｍwｏulｄspare sｏme timｅto raise their eyes tｏhａve a glaｎcｅat the bｅａutifｕｌdusk、Ｔhｅｙare, perhaps,takinｇuse oｆｅvery miｎuteｔo enjｏy ｔheｉr lasｔcｈew befoｒe bｅｉng drｉven home、This is a piｃtｕｒe ｏｆthe Yｅｌｌow River baｎk，iｎwhｉch the shepherd diｓapｐeａrs，ａnｄno onｅknoｗs where he is rｅｓｔｉｎg hｉmsｅlf、Only the ｓheep，ｈｏｗｅver,as free creatures，ａrｅ ｊoｙfullｙaｐｐreciating ｔhｅdｕsk、Tｈe exubeｒant wａte ｒpｌants ｈaｖe nｕｔritedｔｈｅshｅep, ｍaｋing ｔhem
英语专八翻译
一、The old gentleman, however, seemed cheerful enough; and it was plain that he took an interest in the strangers, and wished to make their acquaintance. This was soon effected by the friendly waiter; and after a little talk the old man invited them to visit his villa and garden which were just outside the walls of the town. So the next afternoon, when the sun began to descend, and they saw in glimpses through door-ways and windows, blue shadows beginning to spread over the brown mountains, they went to pay their visit. It was not much of a place, a small, modernized, stucco villa, with a hot pebbly garden, and in it a stone basin with torpid gold-fish, and a statue of Diana and her hounds against the wall. But what gave a glory to it was a gigantic rose-tree which clambered over the house, almost smothering the windows, and filling the air with the perfume of its sweetness. Yes, it was a fine rose, the Conte said proudly when they praised it, and he would tell the Signora about it. And as they sat there, drinking the wine he offered them, he alluded with the cheerful indifference of old age to his love-affair, as though he took for granted that they had heard of it already. 译文： 然而,这位老先生看起来心情非常愉快;显然他对这两位陌生人很感兴趣，并愿意与他们结交.在热心的服务生的帮助下,他们很快相识了;短暂的交谈之后，老人便邀请他们去他城墙外不远的别墅与花园做客. 于是次日下午，夕阳西落,从开启的门窗轻轻瞥去,他们看到,兰色暗影已渐渐笼罩棕褐的山峦，他们便欣然动身。那里很平常,矗立着一座现代化小型别墅座，表面粉刷了一层灰泥。还有一座铺满鹅卵石的花园，园里石砌水池中有几尾金鱼慵懒地游动。靠墙的地方有一尊守猎女神及其猎犬的雕像。但是使这小园生辉的是一颗巨大的玫瑰树。树已长过屋顶，几乎完全遮住了窗户。空气中满是玫瑰的芳香。这株玫瑰的确不错，听了客人夸奖，伯爵得意地说。他还表示非常乐意把树的来历讲给夫人听。于是他们坐在那里，一边饮酒，一边听他以老年人满不在乎神情，愉快地提及他的那一段往日爱情，仿佛他相信他们对此一定早有耳闻 二、We live in an ascending scale when we live happily, one thing leading to another in an endless series. There is always a new horizon for onward-looking men, and although we dwell on a small planet, immersed in petty business and not enduring beyond a brief period of years, we are so constituted that our hopes are inaccessible, like stars, and the term of hoping is prolonged until the term of life. To be truly happy is a question of how we begin and not of how we end, of what we want and not of what we have. 参考译文：
历年专业八级考试真题：翻译
历年专业八级考试真题：翻译 历年专业八级考试真题：翻译 Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are inevitably the province（范围）of the rich unless we abdicate（退位、放弃）society’s power of choice. We can choose to make opera and other expensive forms of culture, accessible（易接近的，可达到的）to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? No body denies the imperatives（必要的）of food, shelter, defence, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, man-kind stretched out a hand of not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse（冲动）towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation（表述、陈述）is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment（完成、成就）in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones （标准、试金石）for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire（立志、追求目标、渴望）; they carry the most profound （深厚的、深刻的）messages that can be sent from one human to another. 参考译文： 欣赏歌剧是一种奢侈：你必须为此支付昂贵的票价。然而，享用昂贵的东西并不完全是富人的特权，除非我们放弃社会选择的权利。我们有权利使歌剧和其他昂贵的文化形式面向大众，面向那些个人没有支
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2016专八真题翻译题及答案详解
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英语专八翻译及答案
1999年：In some societies people want children for what might be called familial reasons: to extend the family line or the family name, to propitiate the ancestors; to enable the proper functioning of religious rituals involving the family. Such reasons may seem thin in the modern, secularized society but they have been and are powerful indeed in other places. In addition, one class(一类) of family reasons shares a border（接壤、相近）with the following category, namely, having children in order to maintain or improve a marriage: to hold the husband or occupy（使…忙（有事干）the wife; to repair or rejuvenate the marriage; to increase the number of children on the assumption（设想、假设consumption 消费）that family happiness lies that way. The point is underlined（突出、显现）by its converse（反面、相反）: in some societies the failure to bear children（养孩子）(or males) is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce. Beyond all that（除了这些）is the profound（深刻的、深远的）significance of children to the very institution（结构）of the family itself. To many people, husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family（完整的）—they need children to enrich the circle（丰富家庭生活、拓宽生活圈子）, to validate（使…有效）its family character（家族的特征、风格）, to gather（增加、集合）the redemptive（赎回的, 用于补偿的）influence of offspring. Children need the family, but the family seems also to need children, as the social institution（社会结构）uniquely（唯一）available, at least in principle, for （获得）security, comfort, assurance, and direction in a changing, often hostile world. To most people, such a home base, in the literal sense, needs more than one person for sustenance（生计）and in generational extension（家族的繁衍）. 【参考答案】另外，有一类家庭原因与下列类别不无共同之处，那就是：生儿育女要么是为了维系现有婚姻，提高婚姻质量，要么是为了拴住丈夫，使妻子有所事事，要么是为了修复婚姻，给婚姻注入新的活力，亦或是出于多子多福的观念而多生儿女。当然，我们也可以从问题的反面得到昭示：在某些社会，无法生育子嗣（或不能生育男孩）对婚姻而言是最大的威胁，也可作为夫妻分手的现成理由。 后代对家庭这一体制本身所具有的深远意义远非如此。在许多人看来，丁克家庭算不上真正的家庭。夫妻需要孩子来拓宽自己的生活圈子，实现家庭在传宗接代中的作用，并从子孙后代身上获取某种回报。在这个变幻莫测，常常不尽友善的世界上，家庭作为社会的基本单位，至少可在原则上，以其独特方式为家人提供安全保障，抚慰家人受伤的心灵，为家人指出生活方向，因此，孩子需要家庭，但与此同时，家庭也需要孩子。
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英语专业八级翻译练习题（一） The Rewards of Living a Solitary Life The other day an acquaintance of mine, a gregarious and charming man, told me he had found himself unexpectedly alone in New York for an hour or two between appointments. He went to the Whitney and spent the "empty" time looking at things in solitary bliss. For him it proved to be a shock nearly as great as falling in love to discover that he could enjoy himself so much alone. 参考译文： 独自生活的报偿 前些日子，我的一个熟人，一位热爱交际并很受欢迎的男士告诉我，他在纽约的两个约会之间偶然有一两个小时的空闲，他便去了惠特尼博物馆，四处浏览着展品，无比幸福的度过了那些时光。发现自已独自一人，也能如此的幸福，他感觉像坠入爱河那般震惊。 英语专业八级翻译练习题（二） What had he been afraid of, I asked myself? That, suddenly alone, he would discover that he bored himself, or that there was, quite simply, no self there to meet? But having taken the plunge, he is now on the brink of adventure; he is about to be launched into his own inner space to the astronaut. His every perception will come to him with a new freshness and, for a time, seem startlingly original. 参考译文： “他一直在害怕什么呢？”，我问自已。怕突然一个人呆着会发现自已厌烦自己，或者怕会失去自我？但是有了这次偿试，他便要开始探险了。他就要发射到自已心的宇宙之中。他的所见所感对他来说将会是全新的，一度会新颖的让人惊奇。 英语专业八级翻译练习题（三） For anyone who can see things for himself with a naked eye becomes, for a moment or two, something of a genius. With another human being present vision becomes double vision, inevitably. We are busy wondering, what does my companion see or think of this, and what do I think of it? The original impact gets lost, or diffused 参考译文： 因此每个能用肉眼观看事物的人，一时之间便成为天才。身边有别人存在，一个看法便不可避免地变成了双重看法。我们急于知道周边人的看法，以及我对它是怎么看的？” 最初的印像消失了，或者变得模糊不清。 英语专业八级翻译练习题（四）
英语专八翻译汉译英练习
英语专八翻译汉译英冲刺练习：进取的幸福 原文： 正是因为不停地追求进取，我们才感到生活幸福。一件事完成后，另一件随之而来，如此连绵不绝，永无止境。对于往前看的人来说，眼前总有一番新天地。虽然我们蜗居于这颗小行星上，整日忙于琐事且生命短暂，但我们生来就有不尽的希望，如天上繁星，遥不可及。只要生命犹在，希望便会不止。真正的幸福在于怎样开始，而不是如何结束，在于我们的希冀，而并非拥有。 译文： We live in an ascending scale when we live happily, one thing leading to another in an endless series. There is always a new horizon for onward-looking men, and although we dwell on a small planet, immersed in petty business and not enduring beyond a brief period of years, we are so constituted that our hopes are inaccessible, like stars, and the term of hoping is prolonged until the term of life. To be truly happy is a question of how we begin and not of how we end, of what we want and not of what we have. 英语专八翻译汉译英练习：渴望 原文： 渴望是永远的乐趣，一笔如地产般真实稳固的财富，用之不尽，取之不竭。每年我们都会因为拥有渴望而充满活力。一个人如有许多希望，精神便会富足。人生只不过是一场单调乏味且编导拙劣的戏，除非我们对这戏有些兴趣;对于既没有艺术细胞也没有科学细胞的人来说，这个世界只不过是各种颜色的堆积，或者是一条崎岖小路，一不小心就会摔伤小腿。译文： An aspiration is a joy for ever, a possession as solid as a landed estate, a fortune which we can never exhaust and which gives us year by year a revenue of pleasurable activity. To have many of these is to be spiritually rich. Life is only a very dull and ill-directed theatre unless we have some interests in the piece; and to those who have neither art nor science, the world is a mere arrangement of colours, or a rough footway where they may very well break their shins. 英语专业八级汉译英练习题（9）。 原文 正在意大利进行国事访问的中国国家主席江泽民22日在总统府与意大利总统举行了会谈。江泽民主席说，中意两国虽然相距遥远，社会制度、文化传统、经济发展程度也存在差异，但两国关系很好。现在两国合作的深度与广度不断扩大，意大利是中国在欧洲的重要贸易伙
英语专业八级考试翻译部分历届试题及参考答案
1995年英语专业八级考试 简.奥斯丁的小说都是三五户人家居家度日，婚恋嫁娶的小事。因此不少中国读者不理解她何以在西方享有那么高的声誉。但一部小说开掘得深不深，艺术和思想是否有过人之处，的确不在题材大小。有人把奥斯丁的作品比作越咀嚼越有味道的橄榄。这不仅因为她的语言精彩，并曾对小说艺术的发展有创造性的贡献，也因为她的轻快活泼的叙述实际上并不那么浅白，那么透明。史密斯夫人说过，女作家常常试图修正现存的价值秩序，改变人们对“重要”和“不重要”的看法。也许奥斯丁的小说能教我们学会转换眼光和角度，明察到“小事”的叙述所涉及的那些不小的问题。 参考译文：颜林海 Jane Austin’s novels tell about such things unimportant as life, love and marriage in a few families that many Chinese readers do not understand why she has enjoyed such a high reputation in the western countries. But subject matter is indeed not the decisive factor by which we can judge whether or not a novel has its depth, or whether or not it has something superior to others in its artistic appeal and ideological content. Some people compare Austin’s works to olives: the more you chew them, the tastier you feel them. It is not only because of her wonderful language as well as her creative contribution to the development of novel writing as an art, but also because of something that her light and lively narrative hides——something implicit and opaque. Mrs Smith once said, women writers often tried to rectify the existing value orders, and to change people’s opinions on “what’s important or not”. Maybe Austin’s novels can teach us how to change our perspective and vision, really to dig those things important through the narrative of the ones unimportant. E-C原文 I, by comparison, living in my overpriced city apartment, walking to work past putrid sacks of street garbage, paying usurious taxes to local and state governments I generally abhor, I am rated middle class. This causes me to wonder, do es the measurement make sense? Are we measuring only that which is easily measured--- the numbers on the money chart --- and ignoring values more central to the good life? For my sons there is of course the rural bounty of fresh-grown vegetables, line-caught fish and the shared riches of neighbours’orchards and gardens. There is the unpaid baby-sitter for whose children my daughter-in-law baby-sits in return, and neighbours who barter their skills and labour. But more than that, how do you measure serenity? Sense of self? I don’t want to idealize life in small places. There are times when the outside world intrudes brutally, as when the cost of gasoline goes up or developers cast their eyes on untouched farmland. There are cruelties, there is intolerance, there are all the many vices and meannesses in small places that exist in large cities. Furthermore, it is harder to ignore them when they cannot be banished psychologically to another part of town or excused as the whims of alien groups --- when they have to be acknowledged as “part of us.”Nor do I want to belittle the opportunities for small decencies in cities --- the eruptions of one-stranger-to-another caring that always surprise and delight. But these are, sadly, more exceptions than rules and are often overwhelmed by the awful corruptions and dangers that surround us. 比较而言，我住在在收费不菲的城市公寓里，步行去工作还得经过恶臭的街头圾袋，向我一向讨厌的地方政府和州政府缴纳高利贷式税收，竟然还被认定为中产阶级。这让我感到怀疑，这种衡量标准是否意义？难道我们就仅仅衡量那些容易衡量的东西——经济图标上数字——而忽视了对幸福生活更为重要的价值观吗？当然，对我的几个儿子来说，富饶的农村有新鲜的蔬菜，有钓上来的鱼儿，还可以分享邻居果园菜园丰收的果实。还有义务照看孩子的邻居，作为回报我的儿媳也照看他们的孩子，而邻里之间相互交换技能和劳动。但更为重要的是，你如何来衡量那里的宁静安详？如何衡量自我(感)呢？ 我无意美化小地方的生活。有时外面世界的侵扰冷酷无情，比如汽油价格上涨，开发商盯着尚未开发的农田；那里充斥着凶残，充满着偏狭，大城市拥有的种种卑劣行径，小地方也都一应俱全。非但如此，一旦人们在心里无法将这些丑陋现象视为小地方才独有的，或将其解释为异乡人为所欲为的借口，而只能承认是“我们的一部分”时，人们也就更难忽视它们了。我也不想贬低城市中一有机会就让人难为情的习俗—