动词短语联想

- 1 - 动词短语联想

【摘要】英语动词短语很多，学生在学习的时候容易混淆短语之间的含义。如果从构成短语的介词和副词着手，深入分析构成短语的介词和副词，找到规律，再进行联想就能解决短语难学，难记的问题。

【关键词】短语构成 介词和副词 联想教学

目前英语动词短语的教学方法基本上是把某个动词所有的短语搭配和含义告诉学生，然后造句。比如call 这个动词，在教学时把与call 有关的短语列举出来：call for, call on, call in ,call at, call up,call back, call out, call off 等，然后每个短语造个句子，最后叫学生记住这些短语的含义和用法。这种教学方式的缺点是没有带领学生深入分析每一个短语的构成元素。这样学生不能举一反三，遇到新的短语就不能自己分析，从而理解短语的含义。此外，学生为记忆这些短语花了大量时间，还容易混淆短语的含义。

其实，英语动词短语中的介词和副词决定了短语的含义，所以联想教学法就是从介词和副词着手。通过归纳，带领学生详细分析常用的构成动词短语的介词和副词的核心含义与引申义之间的联系，方便学生记忆，让学生学会举一反三。下面我举例说明：

up 这个介词能与许多动词构成短语，如：stand up （站起来）, get up （起床）, put up （举起）等。可以引导学生从这些短语分析出up 的核心含义是“处于或趋于直立的姿势”。有了这个认识，学生遇到hold up 就可以猜出有“举起”的含义。不过，put up 除了表示“举起”还有“张贴，提高，建造”等含义，这一切都是up “惹的祸”。因为由up “处于或趋于直立的姿势”这个核心含义可以引申出其他几个含义，如下图所示：

up 处于或

趋于直立

的姿势

向上，立起来。如：go up 上涨；put up 修建；set up 建立;build up 捧起；hold up 举起 量或质的积累。如：

make up 组成；build up 增进；turn up 调大 pick up 学会 彻底，完全。如：

use up 用完；eat up

吃光；break up 打

碎；clean up 彻底扫

出现。如：come up 升起；turn up 出现；call up 回忆起 阻挡，（使）停下。如pull up 停下，hold up 阻滞；give up 停下 联想：“立起来”就是要垂直，不能小于90°，必须要“完全，彻底” 联想：路障必须要“立起来”

- 2 - 引导学生联想，把引申义和核心含义联系起来，学生容易记住多个引申义，这也就方便了学生记忆这些短语。此外，如果引导学生归纳了use up ,eat up 中的up 有“完全，彻底”的含义，他们在阅读中遇到wash up, buy up 就不难猜出其含义：wash up 洗完，buy up 买光。

我们再看下面这个例子：

on 这个介词也可以和很多动词构成短语。如：live on(靠...生活)，feed on(以…为食)，depend on(依靠)，call on(号召)等。这些短语看起来似乎没有什么规律，其实只要深入分析就能知道on 这个介词的核心含义是“与…表面接触”。学生都很熟悉on the desk ,on the wall 这些短语。再进一步引导学生，让他们体会到on 还有“依附，依靠”这层含义。而这些短语中的on 的其它几个含义都是由它的核心含义引申而来的。请看下面的图示：

英语中用于构成动词短语的常用的介词和副词只有二十多个。只要引导学生深入分析每个副词和介词，找到它们的核心含义和常用的引申意义，再进行联想，那么动词短语就不再难学，不再难记。

on 覆盖，

与...表面接触。

如:put on 依附，依靠。如：live on 以...为生；feed on 以...为食; count on 指望；depend on 依靠；call on 拜访，号召（联想：要号召靠得住的人）； 表持续的状态。如：go on 继续；hold on 继续，不挂断；carry on 继续；keep on 继续；catch on

抓牢（联想：一直抓着，不要放）

（电源等）接通。如：turn on 打开（电

器等);switch on 接通；log on 登录 联想：接通后电源“持续”供电。

初中英语常见动词短语归纳

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look after照顾,照看 look at看;观看 look for寻找 look like看起来像 pay for (sth.)付钱;支付 point at指示;指向 point to指向...... prefer to ...宁愿(选择);更喜欢 quarrel with (和某人)吵架 regard ... as ...把......当作......;当作 stop ... from阻止......做...... talk about说话;谈话;谈论

talk with与......交谈 think about考虑 think of认为;想起 B)动词+ 副词 ask for请求;询问 carry on坚持下去;继续下去 cut down砍倒 clean up清除;收拾干净 come down下来;落 come along来;随同 come in进来 come on来吧;跟着来;赶快

come out出来;出现;(花)开;发(芽) come over过来;顺便来访 drop off放下(某物);下车 eat up吃光;吃完 fall behind落在......后面;输给别人 fall down跌倒;从......落下 find out查出(真相) get back回来;取回 get down下来;落下;把......取下来 get off下来;从......下来 get on上(车) get up起床

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【初中英语】 动词短语选择题练习(1)

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常见动词短语及短语动词及三词词组

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