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Practical English 2 Unit_1 _教案

Practical English 2 Unit_1  _教案
Practical English 2 Unit_1  _教案

Unit One

Invitations

Teaching Objective

In "Talking Face to Face", learn how to invite friends to attend a party or a dance in oral English.

In "Being All Ears", students will fine tune their listening and comprehension skills through exercises relating to inviting people out.

In "Maintaining a Sharp Eye",students will learn how foreign people deal with invitations, when one wants to accept or does not accept.

In "Trying Your Hand", get some practical experience and writing a invitation and a reply to the invitation one gets.

Teaching Procedures

Section I Talking Face to Face

1.Warm- up:

Patterns and expressions for talking about invitations:

I’d like to invite you to dinner.

我想请你吃晚饭。

Why don’t you come and join us for disco?

你为什么不和我们一起跳迪斯科?

It’s very kind of you to invite me.

谢谢你邀请我。

How nice of you! Many thanks.

你真好!多谢。

I’d love to. That would be great.

我很愿意去。太好了!

Oh, dear, I’m afraid I’m busy tonight. Perhaps tomorrow evening?

哦,亲爱的,今晚我很忙。明晚也许可以吧?

Could you make it another time, perhaps next Sunday?

你能改个时间吗,下个星期天怎样?

It’s very kind of you, but you see I’ll have to prepare for my exam.

非常感谢,可你知道我得准备考试。

I’m sorry I can’t, but thank you all the same.

真抱歉,我不能去。可还是要谢谢你。

2.Introduction of the samples of invitation cards and letters

3. Practice the two dialogues in Follow the Samples

4. Practice dialogues according to the given tasks

5. Exercises

Section II Being All Ears

See the textbook.

Section III Maintaining a Sharp Eye

Passage I Are Y ou Really Being Invited?

Text-Related Information

The customs of inviting friends vary from country to country. Generally speaking, on formal occasions, the invitation is usually made well in advance. But as for some informal cases, the invitation is usually made orally. To either of these two invitations, the person being invited should give a clear reply whether the invitation is accepted or not.

Text Explanation

Para. 1

If someone asks if you are free at a certain time and invites you to an event, you are not required to commit yourself until you know what the invitation is for. For example, if you say that you’re free and the invitation turns out to be something you’d hate to do (a trip to a local sight you’ve seen ten times), then you will be in a position to take back your acceptance or invent an excuse later. If this happens, tell the person who invites you that you have to check and that you’ll tell him or her later. If an invitation must be refused, most people expect a reason. The following sequence would be appropriate: apology, reason for refusal, thanks for the invitation. Language Points:

1.Explanation of Difficult Sentences

1) ..., you are not required to commit yourself until you know what the invitation is for.

Analysis: The sentence pattern not... until... means not before a particular time or event.

Translation: 在你尚未弄清楚邀请的具体内容之前,你没有必要答应一定参加。

Example:

Once he starts a job he won’t stop until it’s finished.

Don’t move until I tell you.

2) For example, if you say that you’re free and the invitation turns out to be somet hing you’d hate to do, then you’ll be in a position to take back your acceptance or invent an excuse later.

Analysis: Y ou’d hate to do is a relative clause used to modify something. Be in a position can take either an infinitive clause or an of-V-ing phrase,t hus be in a position of having to take back... can be also rewritten as be in a position to take

back ...

Translation: 比如说,如果你说有空,而邀请参加的却是你不愿意做的事(到你已经去过10次的当地景点旅游), 那么你就可以回绝邀请,或者以后再编一个借口。

Example: If you list a few priorities, then you will be in a position to do things in the right order of priority.

2. Important Words

1) commit v. entrust, hand over, make oneself responsible 使承担(保证),使作出保证;把…交托给

e.g.

I think I can come tonight but I won’t commit myself till I know

for sure.

(承诺,保证)

If you want to be an actor you have to really commit yourself to it. (commit oneself to致力于,献身于)

The government claimed to commit itself to (致力于)improving health care.

The president said that once he had committed to this course of action there was no going back.

2) invent v. discover and create something new 发明,设计, 编造

e.g. :

The first safety razor was invented by the company founder King

C. Gillette in 1903.

I didn't invent the story. Everything I told you is true.

3) appropriate a. proper, suitable 合适的,恰当的

e.g.

I didn’t think his comments were very appropriate at the time.

I’ve been invited to her wedding but I haven’t got anything appropriate to wear.

Her remarks were considerate and very appropriate to the situation.

Para. 2

When someone asks you to his or her home, it is very clear who is the guest and who is the host, but invitations to restaurants for lunch, dinner, coffee, a drink, etc., sometimes present problems, and the customs vary in different parts of the United States.

Para. 3

In many instances it is the inviter who pays, as one would expect, but in some instances each one pays his or her own check: You “g o Dutch.”This is often the case with friends in informal situations, such as “Let’s go and get a beer”or “Want a cup of coffee?”In some parts of the country, however, some people like to entertain friends by taking them to a restaurant for dinner instead of having dinner at home. In this case the host expects to pay and the guest may offer to leave the tip, which may be declined by the host. (If so, just let the matter drop.) If the invitation is expressed in fairly casual terms, such as “L et’s go to (name of a restaurant) for dinner,”it may be

more of a suggestion than an invitation, so you should be prepared to pay your part of the bill.

Language Points:

1.Explanation of Difficult Sentences

1) In many instances it is the inviter who pays.

Analysis: This emphatic sentence takes the structure of “it is…who/that…”Translation: 在许多情况下,应由邀请人付帐单。

Example: It was my uncle who sent me the parcel.

2) …it may be more of a suggestion than an invitation…

Analysis: Pay attention the pattern, it is more of…than… (与其说…不如说…) Translation: 这样说更像是建议,而不是邀请…

Example: She’s more of a singer than a musician.

2. Important Words

1) instance n. certain situation, circumstance or occasion, case or example 情况,情形,事例

e.g. There have been several recent instances of planes taking off

without adequate safety checks.

I don’t usually side with the management, but in this instance I

agree with what they’re saying.

In the local industry, for instance, 5 000 jobs are being lost.

2) casual [?k??u?l] a. informal, not very serious 随便的,随意的,非正式的

e.g. It was just a casual comment, I didn’t mean it to be taken so seriously.

For some people casual clothes mean a shapeless (没型的

)T-shirt and old jeans.

Security around the conference hotel seemed almost casual.

Para. 4

If you want to invite someone for a meal at a restaurant, be explicit: “I’d like to take you to…”Americans should be explicit also, but they often assume you know the local customs in the matter. Ask a friend’s advice if you are not sure.

Language Points:

1. Important Words

1) explicit[?k'spl?s?t; ek-] a. clear, definite 清楚的,明确的

e.g.

Sheila shouldn't get lost because I gave her very explicit directions how to get there.

She was very explicit about what she thought was wrong with the plans.

Para.5

There are also phrases that sound like invitations but in fact are not. People may say things like: “We’ll have to get together sometime”or “You’ll have to come over and visit us sometime.”You can identify such non-invitations by their generality —— there is no specific time mentioned, and the word “sometime”is often used. They are often ritual expressions of parting. On these occasions you could respond: “Yes, that would be nice,”or “I’d love to”, or something similar, and then let the subject drop. If they do not call you, you could always invite them for some occasion. Language Points:

1. Important Words

1) drop v. fall down, give up, lower 滴,落,下降,变弱, 中断

e.g. The book dropped from the shel

f.

Did you drop your glove?

She dropped the tray with a crash (突然发出的巨响).

Drop your voices ——she’s in the next room!

The temperature drops at night.

Prices have dropped since there has been more competition between suppliers.

Can you drop what you’re doing and help me with this report?

I don’t want to talk about it any more ——let’s drop the

subject.

Exercises

See the textbook.

Passage II An Invitation Letter

Text-Related Information

This is an informal invitation letter between friends. The tone of this letter is casual. The language is not so formal. This kind of informal invitation letter is often in the third person. For example, “in the hope that it will be possible for you both to spend a few days with us during your stay in England.”“and it would be nice if you could come then, too.”But a formal invitation card is usually written in the third person.

Text Explanation

Para. 1

10 November 2002 My dear Michael,

It seems ages since we heard from you —and even longer since you went to work in China. But recently we happened to bump into Charlie Wright at a party, and from him we learnt that you and Lucia will be coming to England over the Christmas holidays. So I am writing straightaway —to make sure this reaches you well before you leave Shanghai —in the hope that it will be possible for you both to spend a few days with us during your stay in England.

Language Points:

1.Explanation of Difficult Sentences

1)It seems ages since we heard from you

Analysis: It seems ages since... means “it seems a long time since...”

Translation: 似乎很长时间没有收到你的信了。

Example: It seems ages since I saw you in Shanghai.

2) So I am writing straightaway—to make sure this reaches you well before you leave Shanghai —in the hope that it will be possible for you both to spend a few days with us during your stay in England.

Analysis: To make sure…is an adverbial of purpose, and in the hope, a prepositional phrase used also as an adverbial of purpose.

Translation: 所以我马上写信,好让你在离开上海之前肯定收到这封信——希望你们俩能在英格兰逗留期间和我们一起住几天。

Example: I am sending this card to you today —to make sure you receive it before the Christmas Day.

2.Important Words

1) bump into meet somebody by chance 偶然碰到, 偶然遇到

e.g. We bumped into Kate when we were in London last week.

She bumped into his tray, knocking the food onto his lap.

2) straightaway ad. do without delay, especially it has to be done urgently 马上,立刻

e.g. I’ll come around straightaway with the files.

We’d better start work straightaway.

Para. 2

I am still teaching English Literature in a university and I am getting well along with my colleagues. I also have some Chinese students here, who are very friendly and intelligent.

Language Points:

1.Important Words

1) colleague n. someone that you work with 同事

e.g. I’d like you to meet a colleague of mine, Jean Michael.

He was never particularly popular with his colleagues.

Para. 3

I imagine you will be spending Christmas with your parents, but surely you will have some time after that before your Christmas holidays end. We shall be having two other friends of ours staying with us over the New Year weekend, and it would be nice if you could come then, too. Mike and Rosa Griffiths are old friends and a very nice couple; I’m sure you will like them. They used to live in China, too, so we shall have something in common. And if we get some decent weather, we might all go off one day and visit the Carters —I’m sure we can get Uncle Arthur to lend us his minibus.

Language Points:

1. Explanation of Difficult Sentences

1)I imagine you will be spending Christmas itself with your parents, but surely you will have some time after that before your Christmas holidays end.

Analysis: Surely is used to express that someone is certain or almost certain about something.

Translation:我猜想你将在你的父母家过圣诞节, 但肯定在你的圣诞节假日结束之前还会有一些时间。

Example: These children surely deserve something better than a life on the streets.

2.Important Words

1) decent a. of a good enough quality or standard 得体的,像样的,体面的

e.g. I want to provide my boys with a decent education.

There isn’t one decent restaurant around.

Para. 4

There’s not a great deal to report from our end. Mary is well a nd still enjoying her school teaching (at least, I think so); the children are growing up at a terrifying rate; I am still working for Sanderson’s and liking it well enough —though

occasionally pining for the footloose days of long ago. But let’s hope you will soon be here to see for yourselves — and help us see the New Year in!

Language Points:

1. Explanation of Difficult Sentences

1) I am still working for Sanderson’s and liking it well enough —though

occasionally pining for the footloose days of long ago.

Analysis: Sanderson’s here refers to Sanderson’s company; though is introducing a participle clause pining for ... and serving as the adverbial of concession. Translation: 我还在桑德森公司工作,而且工作很称心——虽然偶尔我也渴望从前自由自在日子。

Example: They are working happily with Kent’s, though sometimes pining for the footloose school days.

2.Important Words

1) terrify v. frighten someone severely 威胁,恐吓

e.g. We terrified the girls with spooky stories.

He terrified her by jumping out at her from a dark alley.

2) pine for v. strongly desire (esp. something which is difficult or impossible to obtain) 渴望

e.g. It’s at this time of year that I start to pine for the snow-topped mountains.

As a young girl, I always used to pine for a more glamorous existence.

Para.5

I’d better stop here now; I’m supposed to be spending this evening writing Christmas cards. Write or phone as soon as you can ——and come!

Love from us all!

Yours ever,

Richard

Exercises

See the textbook.

Section V Trying Your Hand

Applied Writing

Invitation Cards and Declining Letters

1.Expressions for Extending an Invitation

Would you like to …?

您愿意…吗?

I’d like to invite you to …

我想邀请你参加…?

I would like to know if you could come to …?

我想知道你是否能来…

May I invite you to …?

敬请光临…

Would it be possible to join us for…?

请问你是否能光临…?

Would it be convenient to take part in …?

请问你是否方便参加…?

I was wondering if you would be interested in …?

不知你是否有兴趣参加…?

2.Expressions for Accepting an Invitation

Thank you. I’ll be happy to come.

谢谢.我很高兴接受你的邀请.

I’d love to. That would be great.

我很愿意去.太好了.

Thank you for invitation.

谢谢你的邀请.

I’d be glad to come.

我很高兴前往.

3.Expressions for Declining an Invitation

I’d love to, but I can’t come.

我很想参加,但是不能来.

Thank you for your invitation, but I don’t think I can make it.

感谢你的邀请,但我恐怕不能赴约.

Unfortunately, I’m already busy that day.

很遗憾,我那天事情太多了.

It’s very kind of you, but you see I’ll have to prepare for my exam.

非常感谢,可你知道我得准备考试。

I’m sorry I can’t, but thank you all the same.

真抱歉,我不能去。可还是要谢谢你。

Could you make it another time, perhaps next Sunday?

你能改个时间吗,下个星期天怎样?

Sentence Writing

Word Order in a Subordinate Clause 从句的顺序

在写英语复合句时,除了需要注意照应主句与从句的时态、人称、连接词语等等之外,还应特别致意从句部分的语序。

英语从句经常用疑问词引导,如what, who等,但与疑问词引导的简单问句不同。从句不使用疑问句语序,而使用陈述句语序,即按主语在前、谓语在后的顺序排列。还应注意,因为从句不使用疑问倒装结构,所以一般现在时和一般过去时不再用do, does, did等助动词帮助构成从句结构。

1.常用来引导从句的疑问词有what, when ,where, who, whether, how等,这些疑问词一般仍保留原有的疑问含义。

She wanted to know when my brother had visited Paris.

Could you please tell me where we are going?

How he plays the trick is a secret.

他怎么变这个戏法是个秘密。

2. Whether可以引导主语从句,if 不能引导主语从句,但是两者都能引导宾语从句。引导宾语从句时,两者都表示“是否”的意思,只是if 后面不能加or not。1)主语从句

Whether he will accept the job is difficult to say.(T)

If he will accept the job is difficult to say.(F)

2)宾语从句

They wondered whether/if we would like to join them.

Could you please tell me whether he is an engineer or not?

3.疑问句一般可以用来引导主语从句、宾语从句及表语从句。写作中要特别注意这些从句的语序。

1)主语从句的语序

Whether he comes or not matters little to me.

How you can get such an experience is a key point.

2)宾语从句的语序

I don’t understand why he didn’t accept our invitation.

3)表语从句的语序

The fact turns out to be what he never expected.

事实是他始料不及的。

4. when, where 等若用来引导状语从句或定语从句,它们不再是疑问副词,不具有疑问含义,而是成为了关系副词,因此他们的语序亦应为陈述句语序。

1)状语从句的语序

When she visited the famous museum in Paris, she met my brother.

Could you stay for a while where you are now?

2) 定语从句的语序

She still remembers the day when she met my brother in Paris.

Could you please tell me the place where you met for the first time?

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