长难句训练

01) (10-R-1) We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. (49 words)

(02) (10-R-1) “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are’.” (43 words)

(03) (10-R-3) For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. (48 words)

(04) (09-R-3) Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political, and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. (46 words)

(05) (09-R-4) Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope —all came together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father that the first line he saw would

总第37页

settle his fate, and read the magical words: “Come out from among them, touch no unclean thing, and I will be your God and you shall be my people.” (58 words)

(06) (0-TR) Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. (45 words)

(07) (09-TR) Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world’s work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output. (41 words)

(08) (08-R-2) Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. (40 words)

(09) (07-R-1) If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. (47 words)

(10) (07-R-3) From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. (41 words)

(11) (07-R-4) Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them —especially in America —the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. (48 words) 总第38页

(12) (07-R-4) Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as

a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businesses of every variety.

(41 words)

(13) (07-R-4) Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore—and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands. (47 words)

(14) (07-R-4) Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.

(49 words)

(15) (06-R-1) Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are

fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.” (40 words)

(16) (05-R-2) Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? (53 words)

(17) (05-R-2) A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise”—the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. (47 words)

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(18) (03-R-2) Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. (42 words)

(19) (03-R-3) If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line.

(40 words)

(20) (03-TR) Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth. (51 words)

(21) (02-R-2) But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd.

(42 words)

(22) (02-R-4) Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect,” a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects — a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen — is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. (57 words)

(23) (02-R-4) Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who “until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient medication to control their pain if that might hasten death.” (40 words)

(24) (02-R-4) The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for

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hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain

at the end of life. (45 words)

(25) (02-TR) As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood, however, effects once assigned to states of mind, feelings, and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions, and a technology of behavior may therefore become available. (40 words)

(26) (01-R-1) Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. (40 words)

(27) (01-R-4) I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M & A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication cost, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers’ demands. (44 words)

(28) (01-R-5) I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life” , and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. (49 words)

(29) (01-R-5) While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline

—after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late ’80s —and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class downshifts of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives. (52 words)

(30) (01-R-5) For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the ’80s, downshifting in the mid-’90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life — growing

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your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one — as a personal recognition of your limitations. (47 words)

(31) (00-R-3) When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principle may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. (46 words)

(32) (00-R-3) But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river — and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: “Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.”(64 words)

(33) (99-R-4) Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment —although no one had proposed to do so —and asked an independent panel

of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning. (67 words)

(34) (99-R-4) Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the “odd balls” among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who “work well with the team.” (50 words)

(35) (97-R-4) “The test of any democratic society,” he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, “lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. (46 words)

总第42页

(36) (96-R-3) Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. (47 words)

(37) (96-R-3) Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large “comfortable” classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders’ meeting to dictate their orders to the management. (47

words)

(38) (95-R-3) As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable. (42 words)

(39) (94-R-1) Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. (44 words)

(40) (93-R-2) The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. (48 words)

(41) (93-R-2) I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities —those of love and of reason —are the aims of all social arrangements. (47 words)

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(42) (93-TR) There is no more difference, but there is just the same kind of difference, between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person, as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales, and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graded weights.

(73 words)

(43) (92-TR) No one is in the least interested in the marks a little child gets on his test; what we are interested in is whether we can conclude from his mark on the test that the child will do better or worse than other children of his age at tasks which we think require ‘general intelligence’. (55 words)

(44) (92-TR) On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the others with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed. (56 words)

(01) (10-R-1)

【译文】我们甚至感到陌生的是：从20世纪初期到第二次世界大战之前，这一期间的英国报

纸评论内容不拘一格。那时候报纸非常便宜，而且人们认为发表时尚的人文批评可以给刊登

评论的出版物增加色彩。

分解】句子的主干为:“We are … removed from … reviews （句子主干部分）… at a time （时间状语）…”。细化分析：“published”过去分词短语修饰“reviews”，其后紧接“in England”与“between …”地点和时间状语。之后，“at a time”与“between”之间相互

解释，“time”之后的“when”引导修饰其的时间定语从句。

(02) (10-R-1)

【译文】纽曼说，“具有才智或文学天赋让自己在新闻从业中面对困难坚持不懈的作家如此之少，以至于我总想把新闻业定义成一个“受贬低的术语”，即“不受读者喜爱作家对受读者喜爱作者的称呼”。

【分解】句子的主干为:“So few … have …（主句主干部分）… that （引导结果状语从句）I am tempted to （从句部分的主谓）…”。细化分析：整个句子只要理顺了“so …that”的倒装结构（前半部分是倒装的）就不难理解了。主句中，“to keep … journalism”不定式修饰“brains or gift”部分。从句中有“define … as”介词短语。最后，“of contempt”修饰“a term”，“applied …（to）…”也修饰“a term”。

(03) (10-R-3)

【译文】然而，如果要发生社会流行现象，每个人在受到影响之后定会去影响自己的熟人，熟人再去影响他们的熟人，如此循环往复。有多少其他人关注这些处于传播网络的人群，与最初那个有影响力的源头关系不大

【分解】句子的主干为:“… each person … must … influence … acquaintances …（第1个分句的主干部分）；（分号引出另一个分句） how many others pay attention …has …”。细化分析：在第1个分句中，“For … to occur”作目的状语，“however”插入语表达作者评价，“so affected”修饰“each person”，“who”引导非限制性定语从句修饰“acquaintances”。在第2个分句中，主语是一个由“how”引导的主语从句。

(04) (09-R-3)

【译文】毫无疑问，对于这些国家和其他社会的社会、政治以及知识的发展，正规教育和经济发展的进步都非常必要。然而，传统的观点认为，为了促进贫困国家的经济迅猛发展，最优先考虑的应该是教育，这种观点是错误的。

【分解】句子的主干为:“Progress … is …（第1个分句）;（分号连接了前后两个分句）…view … is wrong…（第2个分句）”。细化分析：在第1个分句中，有“necessary for …”介词搭配结构。在第2个分句中，“view”之后有一个由“that”引导的同位语从句。

(05) (09-R-4)

【译文】他打开《圣经》，告诉父亲说，他读到的第一行可能决定命运，读出了神秘的字句：“从中走出，不碰不洁之物，我将成为你的上帝，你将成为我的子民。”就在这决定性的一刻，对性的困惑、经济窘迫和宗教希望——全都交融在一起了。

【分解】句子的主干为:“…, all came together （主干的主谓成分）….”。细化分析：在句首主干之前，破折号之前内容与“all”为同位语关系。从“when …”至“… my people”这一部分充当名词“moment”的定语从句。该定语从句的主语为“he”，三个谓语动词为“opened”和“told”和“read”（其中told之后有一个that引导的宾语从句，在该宾语从句中he saw 做定语从句修饰the first line）。冒号之后为“words”的具体内容。

(06) (09-TR)

【译文】例如，各种宗教交往的初衷是祈求神灵的庇护，抵御邪恶影响。家庭生活的初衷是满足欲望和传宗接代。最初开始有组织的劳动，重要的原因是受制于人。

【分解】句子的主干为:“…；…；….”。（有分号连接的三个分句）细化分析：在第1个分句中，主语为“associations”，谓语为“began”；之后“to secure … and to ward off”不定式充当定语。在第2个分句中，主语为“family life”，谓语为“began”（相同的省略）。在第3个分句中，主语为“labor”，谓语为“began”相同省略。

(07) (09-TR)

【译文】即使今日，在工业化生活中，与其他的物质产出相比，某些勤俭的价值观以及各种人们交往的知识和情感反应几乎没有受到关注，而在这些交往之中世人的活动才得以延续。

【分解】句子的主干为:“…，… reaction … receives little attention, …”。细化分析：句首有“apart from”引导的短语，与主语部分关联。在主语“reaction”后有“which”引导的定语从句。最后，有“as compared with”引出的状语。

(08) (08-R-2)

【译文】此外，存在由这三种模式结合的其它模式，例如延迟开放获取模式，即期刊仅允许订阅者阅读，期限六个月，然后就公之于众，所有人都可以免费使用。

【分解】句子的主干为:“Other models exist （主干的主语谓语部分）…”。细化分析：在谓语动词“exist”之后，有“that”引导定语从句修饰“models”。介词“such as”之后引出“models”的具体分析；之中，连词“where”引导“delayed open access”。最后一个“before … it”中，“making it”中的“it”为形式宾语，而“to see it”中的“it”指代“a paper”。

(09) (07-R-1)

【译文】仔细探究2006年世界杯联赛每个足球运动员的出生证明，我们很可能会发现一个值得注意的怪现象：精英足球运动员大都出生在上半年，而不是在下半年。

【分解】句子的主干为:“If …, you would …: … players are …”。细化分析：冒号之后为上文含义的解释。“If …, would …”为一个虚拟语气句型结构。

(10) (07-R-3)

【译文】从中产阶级家庭的角度来看，其中的重要意义看起来远远不像是一个行使更多经济职责的机会，而更像是在金融风险全盘转移时，以令人担心速度给已经负担过重的肩膀上再施加压力。这种看法是可以理解的。

【分解】句子的主干为:“…，much of this … looks （句子主干主谓部分）far less than …. and a good deal more like ….”。细化分析：在主句主谓之间的“understandably”为插入结构，表达作者的态度。在连词“and”之前的部分中不定式短语“to exercise …”从当定语修饰“opportunity”。在连词“and”之后的部分中，“shift of … onto …”。

(11) (07-R-4)

【译文】正当老板和董事们最终清理完毕最乱的帐目和规章问题并加强其薄弱的公司管理之后，一个新的麻烦又给他们带来威胁——尤其在美国；麻烦就是令人厌恶的大字标题不可避免地引起执行层中人头涌动的场面：数据危险。

【分解】句子的主干为:“Just as …（从句部分）, a … problem threatens …（主句部分）.…”。细化分析：在从句部分中，有两个由“and”连接的谓语动词“have sorted”和“improved”。在主句部分中，“to earn …. insecurity”的分析为：不定式短语“to earn …”带两个宾语成分，即“them”和“the sort of nasty headlines”。在“headlines”之后有由“that”引导的定语从句。

(12) (07-R-4)

【译文】在这之前，信息保护通常留给古怪而层次较低的信息技术人员处理，可现已经提到各个行业老板的议事日程的重要位置。人们普遍认为只有数据丰富的行业如银行、电信、航空旅游业等才关心信息保护问题。

【分解】句子的主干为:“Left … and seen …（两个过去分词作状语）, … protection （主语）is （谓语）….”。细化分析：第1个过去分词结构主干为“Left to staff to put …”；而第2个过去分词结构主干为“Seen as a concern of …”。谓语动词之后有“on”引导介词短语作状语。

(13) (07-R-4)

【译文】当然，信任作为经济资产中最有价值的部分是很容易被摧毁的，而且修复起来代价极大，而没有什么比一个公司让敏感的个人机密数据落入不道德人之手更容易摧毁信任，这对于最迟钝的管理者也应该是显而易见的。

【分解】句子的主干为:“… it should be obvious … to the executive that trust …—and that few …（由“and”连接的两个“that”引导的主语从句）….”。细化分析：在第1个主语从句中，主语为“trust”，谓语为“is …”，之间的“that most valuable …”为“trust”的同位语。在破折号之后的第2个主语从句中，主谓成分为“… things are …”，其中有一个“more … than”的比较状语从句。

(14) (07-R-4)

【译文】同时，6月17日曝光的美国四千万信用卡账号信息被窃取的事件也给一天前美国联邦商业委员会做出的重要决定蒙上了阴影。该决定通告美国，如果企业无法提供适当的数据安全，执法者将采取行动。

【分解】句子的主干为:“… theft ….overshadowed … decision …（主句的主谓宾结构）”。细化分析：在主语部分中，有由“disclosed”的过去分词短语充当定语修饰“theft”。在宾语部分中，有由介词“by”引导的后置定语修饰“decision”，而且“that”引导的定语从句也修饰“decision”。

(15) (06-R-1)

【译文】Rodriguez指出，住在世界偏远村落的孩子们都是阿诺德·史瓦辛格和加思·布鲁克斯之类超级巨星的追星族，但是“有些美国人担心，美国的同化作用对住在美国的许多移民不知怎的一直都不起作用。”

【分解】句子的主干为:“Rodriguez notes that …, yet some Americans fear that …（‘yet’连接两个独立的分句结构）”。细化分析：“yet”之前分句中，“children … are …”为“notes”的宾语从句。“yet”之后分句中，“immigrants … remain …”为“fear”的宾语从句。

(16) (05-R-2)

【译文】你可否记得那些年月？当时科学家们提出吸烟会让我们丧命，可持怀疑态度者却坚持认为我们尚无定论。他们坚持认为证据不确定，科学就不确定。他们坚持认为对反对吸烟的劝导一心想毁掉我们自己的生活方式，且政府不应介入此事。许多美国人相信了这些谬论；在30多年里，约一千万吸烟者早早地躺入了坟墓。

【分解】句子的主干为:“Do you remember all those years when （句子主干主语谓语宾语）….”。细化分析：整个句子的主干部分为“Do you remember all these years”，其后的“when”引导时间定语从句修饰“all those years”。在“when”之后主要有“but”引导的两个并列分句，分别是“scientists argued that”和“the doubters insisted that”。最大的难点在于“the doubters insisted that”之后，有3个以“that”引导的分开的宾语从句——其一、“we didn’t know for sure”；其二、“that the evidence was …？”；其三、“That the antismoking lobby was …”。将三个从句分开写目的是为了避免歧义。

(17) (05-R-3)

【译文】在一百年以前，弗洛伊德系统地阐述了他那突破性的理论，认为梦是掩盖的阴影，反映了潜意识中的渴望和恐惧。到二十世纪七十年代末，神经病学家却转而认为梦仅仅是“精神噪音”——在睡眠期间神经进行的修复工作的随意附带产物。

【分解】句子的主干为:“…; （分号前后为两个独立分句）….”。细化分析：在分号之前，分句主干成分为“… Freud formulated … theory …”，其中有“that”引导同位语从句修饰“theory”。在分号之后，分句主干成分为“neurologists had switched to …”（其中有“thinking …. of as”短语）。之后的破折号为细节性的补充说明，解释上文的“mental noise”。

(18) (03-R-2)

【译文】具体的说，资金的最终管理者是病人，所以健康研究团体应积极扩大队伍、发展事业，不仅吸收像“Stephen Cooper”那样的知名人士（他本人已经发表了有关动物研究价值的大胆言论），而且招收接受医学治疗的人。

【分解】句子的主干为:“…, community （句子主干主语）… should … recruit （句子主干谓语）…. not only personalities （句子主干宾语1）… but all （句子主干宾语2）….”。细化分析：在句子开头有“because”引导的状语从句。在主语中，困难的部分在于“recruit to its cause”：“to its cause”（介词短语作状语）本来在正常情况下应该放在句子的末尾构成“recruit … not only … personalities but all … to its cause”。此外，在主干宾语1“personalities”后有“such as”作后置定语（其中有由“who”引导的定语从句）。在主干宾语2“all”后有“who”引导的定语从句。

(19) (03-R-3)

【译文】铁路公司提出，按同样的平均费率收取所有顾客的费用，托运人肯定会选择汽车运输或其他种类运输，而不会选择铁运，那么铁运业内成本就只能由其他的铁运托运人来承担。

【分解】句子的主干为:“If （引导状语从句）…, shippers … would do so （主句主谓部分）, …”。细化分析：在状语从句和主句之间有“they argue”为插入语。在主句的主语和谓语之间有一个由“who”引导的定语从句修饰“shippers”。在主语之后，有一个“leaving”现在分词短语作结果状语。

(20) (03-TR)

【译文】因此，运用冷静和系统的方法对人类的丰富财富与多样存在进行研究，是至关重要的。人们希望通过这些研究获得的知识可以促进人与人之间、以及人类与地球上的所有其他物种更加和谐地共生。

【分解】句子的主干为:“…, it is important to study （句子主干）…, with the hope that …”。细化分析：在状语部分“with the hope that”之后的从句中，“knowledge”为主语，“can lead”为谓语。

(21) (02-R-2)

【译文】但人脑却具有某种能力：扫视一个急剧变化的场面、马上忽略98%的无关信息，同时把精力投到某只呆在一条蜿蜒森林小路的猴子身上，或者投到茫茫人海中的某一张可疑的脸上。

【分解】句子的主干为:“… human mind can glimpse （分句1主干主语谓语） and …disregard （分句2主干主语谓语）….”。细化分析：在分句2中，有由“that”引导的定语从句修饰“98 percent”。应该注意的是在句末有一个由“focusing”引导的分词短语作为伴随状语。

(22) (02-R-4)

【译文】最高法院曾经规定，根据宪法医生没有帮助病人自杀的权利。尽管如此，最高法院实际上曾支持“双重效应”的医学原则——一个存在了几百年的道德原则。根据这个原则，对于一个具有双重效应的行为（有利的一面是有目的的，而不利的一面是可以预见的），如果实施者只着眼有益的一面，是可以允许的。

【分解】句子的主干为:“Although （引导让步状语从句）…, the Court … supported …principle （主句的主语谓语宾语部分）….”。细化分析：在“although”引导的让步状语从句中，有由“that”引导的动词“ruled”的宾语从句。在主句中，“the medical principle”与“a centuries-old principle”为同位语关系，相互解释。在“a centuries-old moral principle”之后有“holding”分词结构作后置定语；在“holding”之后有由“that”引导的宾语从句；在宾语从句中，主语是“an action”和谓语为“is permissible”——在主谓之间有破折号解释“two effects”的内容。最后“if”引导的从句作宾语从句的条件状语。主要的难点在以“with”引导的伴随状语；其中“that”引导同位语从句修饰“assumption”一词。

(23) (02-R-4)

【译文】Montefiore医学中心的主任Nancy Dubler争辩说，这一原则肯定会庇护某些医生。这些医生“直到最近都相当强烈的坚持认为，如果哪怕有一点加速病人死亡的可能性，医生根本没有可能给病人足够的药剂量以控制病人的痛苦。”

【分解】句子的主干为:“Nancy … contends （句子主干主语谓语）….”。细化分析：在句子主干后有由“that”引导的宾语从句。宾语从句的主语谓语为“… principle”和“will shield”。之后，有由“that”引导修饰“doctors”定语从句。在定语从句中，谓语“insisted”之后有“that”引导的宾语从句。

(24) (02-R-4)

【译文】医疗界正在采取措施，要求医生在晚期病人的收容机构受训、测试有关病痛激进治疗方案的知识、制定有关医院保健的相关规定，以及制订与估评与治疗垂危病人相关的各种新标准。

【分解】句子的主干为:“… profession is taking steps （句子主干主语谓语）….”。细化分析：主要的难点在四个“to require …”、“to test …”、“to develop ….”、“to develop …”不定式短语作状语。

(25) (02-TR)

【译文】人们曾经认为许多影响归因于心态、情感以及个性，然而随着人们逐渐了解有机体与环境之间的相互作用，开始了解到这些影响可归结于某些可以捉摸的条件。因此，行为技术才可能应运而生。

【分解】句子的主干为:“… effects are beginning to be traced ….（第1个分句主谓部分），a technology may become …（第2个分句的主谓部分）.”。细化分析：在句首有由“as”引导的“时间状语从句”。在第1个分句中，“assigned to …”为过去分词短语修饰“effects”。

(26) (01-R-1)

【译文】难怪在19世纪地方性地质学的研究代表了有价值的科研。但是到了20世纪，地方性的研究只有从更为广阔的视野考虑问题，考虑更多的问题，才愈来愈为专业人士所接受。

【分解】句子的主干为:“… studies represented research（分句1的主语谓语宾语）… but local studies have … become（分句2的主语谓语）….”。细化分析：主要的难点在以“but”之后的分句中，有一个由“only if”引导的条件状语从句，该从句有两个谓语动词（“incorporate”和“reflect on”）。注意解读中介词搭配关系的识别，如“in their own right”、“in … century”、“acceptable to”、“reflect on”等。

(27) (01-R-4)

【译文】我认为推动这种巨大聚合浪潮的最重要的力量与推动全球化进程的潜在力量是一样的——即不断下降的交通和通讯的成本、更少的贸易和投资障碍、以及扩大的市场（这一切要求能够满足消费者需求的扩大经营。

【分解】句子的主干为:“I believe （主句主干主谓，其后为宾语从句）….”。细化分析：从“… forces …”至“… globalization process”部分为宾语从句，其中有一个由“that”引导的定语从句修饰“the same”。破折号后面的内容为上文部分的同谓语部分——三个成分为“cost”、“barriers”和“markets”，连词“that”作为定语从句修饰前面三个部分。

(28) (01-R-5)

【译文】我已经发现了放弃“兼职”的理念，下一个举动是“辞职”。这样做所带来的回报远远不止是经济收入和社会地位。也许，Kelsey在压力变得沉重之后，在媒体的关注之中辞去了该杂志的主编职务后也会有同感。

【分解】该句子的结构较复杂，有多重结构。第一重结构是主句的主干“I have discovered …that …,”其中“that”引导宾语从句：“abandoning…and making…brings with it far greater rewards”，其中主语由并列的动名词结构构成；第二重结构是：“that”前的插入语是个省略倒转句，“as”代替主句的谓语“discover”，其正常顺序应是“perhaps Kelsey will discover after…”; “that”后宾语从句中含有一个比较结构“…brings greater rewards than….”。

(29) (01-R-5)

【译文】在美国这种趋势最初的起因是经济的衰落——在80年代晚期由于经济萎缩造成大量失业。在英国这种趋势至少与我所知道的中产阶级“辞职”过程中实施的节俭方针有关。尽管如此，我们完全有其他许多理由使我们的生活变得简单。

【分解】该句子的特点是“while”引导两个分句形成对照，前一分句的主干是“in America the trend started as a reaction and is still linked to the politics”；后一分句的主干是“in Britain we have different reasons”；破折号之间的插入语是前一分句的之间状语；逗号间的插入语“at least among…”是后置分句的状语。主句为“we have different reasons for …”。

(30) (01-R-5)

【译文】对于我们这一代女性来说，80年代号召我们始终兼职，90年代中期我们“辞职”，与其说是为了寻求虚无的生活（自己种植蔬菜或者尝试成为有机蔬菜一样的人），不如说是认识到了自己的能力是有限的。

【分解】该句子的主干中含有一个具有比较意义的结构“downshifting is not so much a search…as a personal recognition（与其说是追求，不如说是个人认识）”。句首介词结构“For the women…”做句子的状语，表示“对于…来说”，两个破折号之间的并列的动名词短语“growing…and risking…”是对前面名词“the mythical good life”的解释。

【归纳与整理】2019全国二高频词,长难句及原题训练(C)

2019年全国卷二 ------阅读 C 高频词,长难句及原题 【高频词及高考真句】 （一） escape tap shoulder A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tap ping her on the shoulder. （二） reflection return recharge It's a chance for self-reflection, You return to work recharge dand with a plan. (三) alone advance company statistics “It doesn’t feel as alone as it may have before all the advance s in technology,” said Laurie Demerit, whose company provided the statistics for the report. 【中英连线】 1.escape A.n.反射；回声；回响；映象，倒影 2.tap B.n.公司，交际，友伴 3.shoulder C.v. 再充电于；再控告；再袭击 4.reflection D.vt. & vi. 前进；促进；提前 n. 前进；进步 5.return E.n. 肩；肩膀 6.recharge F.n. （复）统计数字 7.alone G.n. 轻拍，龙头，阀门；搭线窃听 v. 轻拍；轻轻敲出；装上塞子； 接通；在……装窃听器 8.advance H.v.回返，回来，归还；报告，回报 adj. 返回的，报答的，回程的https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5f11924352.html,pany I.n. 逃亡，出口，避难设备 v. 逃脱；溜走；避开；被忘掉； 避免 10.statistics J.adj. 单独的，独自的；单单；仅， 只有 adv.独自地

长难句周澜翻译

周澜翻译 1.而且，人与人之间的差异以及自然选择利用这种差异的机会都减少了。 2.澳北州绝症病人权利法案使得医生和普通市民都试图思考它的道德和实际含义。 3.但是，突然遗忘的明显的例子可以被看做是极具适应性。 4.报告指出了临终护理中并存的两大问题：对病痛处理不力和大胆采用“无效而强制性的医疗手术”，这些手术可能会延长死亡期，甚至会让病人死的不体面。 5.过去30年间在公共教育中表现出的对特殊儿童的巨大关注表明了存在于我们社会中的那种强烈情绪，即所有公民，不论情况怎么特殊，都应该得到全面发展其能力的机会。 6.不过，友好待人仍是很多美国人自身高度重视并期望从邻居和陌生人身上看到的美德。 7.缩小你的条件要求就有可能对你有害：“你每回答一次问题你就丧失一次机会。” 8.但让人着迷有时也就使人盲目。 9.要区分礼貌习俗和个人兴趣，单凭一次公车上的短暂邂逅是远远不够的。 10.当一场新的艺术运动成为某种时尚时，弄清其倡导者的目的所在是明智的做法，因为无论他们的观念在今天看来是多么牵强和无理，将来都有可能被视为正常。 11.板块漂移理论现在是毋庸置疑的。

12.我们国家和整个世界应该把重要的政策建立在最好的判断基础上，而这些应该是科学关于目前的行为所产生的将来的后果所能提供的最好的判断。这一点很重要。 13.信任，经济资产中最有价值的部分，很容易遭到破坏并且恢复起来代价高昂；而一个让敏感的个人信息（数据）落入不法之手的公司是最可能破坏信任的。这两点对于最愚蠢的行政管理人员也应该是显而易见的。 14.可能正是因为人类长期遭受旱涝灾害的摆布才使得人们如此痴迷于治理江河，供我驱策的理想。 15.凌晨3：45进行了最终表决。 16.那时，这些姓氏首字母不靠前的孩子可能认为自己有幸逃脱了提问。 17.正如财政部长罗伯特·鲁宾所说的，大量有关生产力飞跃增长的商业传闻与统计数据所反映的情况之间存在着“脱节”。 18.通过增加选举团中南方州的选票，五分之三方案让杰斐逊在1800年总统大选中险胜。 19.安纳斯说，行医执照颁发委员会“必须明确表明----病人痛苦的死亡，可以推定是由于医生治疗不当造成的，应当吊销其行医执照。” 20.然而，该小组尚未在一个关键问题上达成一致，即是否建议将私人资金用于克隆人的行为定性为犯罪进行立法。 21.甚至我们的学校也只是我们送孩子去接受实用教育，而不是为了知识而去求知的地方。 22.在美国经济中，这一机制是由价格体制提供的，在价格体系中，价格随消费者的相对需求和出售者及生产者的供应情况而上下浮动。

(完整word版)英语长难句翻译技巧及方法

英语长难句翻译技巧及方法 英汉两种语言句子的不同特点是：英语书面语长句较多；汉语一般短句较多。英语句子结构较紧，多用主人结构，英语可有各种后置修饰语（介词短语、不定式短语、动名词短语、分词短语以及从句），这些成分都是造成英语长句的原因；汉语句子结构较松，多用并列结构。有翻译经验的人们对这些特点作过形象的比喻，把英语句子结构比作“葡萄”，把汉语句子结构比作“竹节”。翻译长句时，可将英语的葡萄结构拆成汉语的竹节结构，即把成串的拆成成条的。 英汉两种语言的语序差异是：英语时间顺序灵活（表示时间的从句可以在主句之前或之后）；汉语一般是从先到后。英语逻辑顺序也比较灵活（表示原因、条件的从句可以在主句之前或之后）；汉语一般是前因后果，先进条年，后谈结果。英语中的句词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）与汉语句子主谓宾的语序基本一致，因此，一般都可按汉语的表达方式处理。 顺序法 如果英语长句的时间顺序、逻辑顺序以及名词性从句与汉语句子的语序基本相似，一般可按原文顺序译：如： 本句时间状语从句在前，用顺序法译。 （1）As it was a fine day and I was in no hurry, I was taking my time, looking in shop windows, strolling in the park, and sometimes just stopping and looking around me. 由于天气晴朗，当时又无急事，我便慢悠悠看看橱窗，逛逛公园。有时干脆停下脚步，四处张望。 逆序法 如果英语长句的时间顺序、逻辑顺序与汉语句子的语序相反，一般可逆原文顺序译。如： （2）“Neither believe nor reject anything,” he wrote to his nephew, “because any other person has rejected or believed it ……”他在给侄子的信中写道：“不要因为别的人相信或拒绝了什么东西，你也就去相信它或拒绝它。……” 分译法 由于的英语可有各种后置修饰语，所以有些英语句子很长。为了符合汉语表达习惯，我们常可将长句中的一连患后置修饰语与其修饰成分分开来译，即把短语或从句拆译为短句，有时还需将后置修饰语另作适当安排并适当增加词语。如： （1）A physically mature female deer in good condition who has conceived in November and given birth to two fawns during the end of May or first part of June, must search for food for the necessary energy not only to meet her body’s needs but also to pro duce milk for her fawns. 一只成熟健壮的母鹿，在十一月份怀胎，五月底或六月初生下两只幼鹿，这时，他必须寻找食物以获得必要的能量，这不仅是为了满足自身的需要，而且也是为了给幼鹿生产乳汁。

雅思阅读长难句分析(十二)

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基础导学阶段 长难句44训练

(01) (10-R-1) We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. (49 words) (02) (10-R-1) “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift e nough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define …journalism? as …a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are?.” (43 words) (03) (10-R-3) For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. (48 words) (04) (09-R-3) Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political, and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. (46 words)

专八翻译长难句结构分析最经典50句

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1. That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. （难度系数5，下同） 译文：那种性别比例能在最大程度上增加一个个体所能拥有的后代数量，并因此能在最大程度上增加所传递到后代身上去的基因复制品的数量。难句类型：倒装、省略 a.本句的正常语序应当是：That sex ratio which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted will be favored.但是因为主语That sex ratio之后的以which引导的修饰它的定语从句，如果按照以上语序，则有头重脚轻之感。所以原文将此长长的从句倒装成谓语will be favored之后。 b.在which引导的从句中，有两处省略：第一处在maximize的第一个宾语the number of descendants that an individual will have中，an individual will have是修饰descendants的定语从句，但是，因为descendants在从句中作have的宾语，所以引导词that可以省略。第二处省略是在第二个the number of 之前，省略了与前面一样的成分that sex ratio which maximizes. And hence在此表示后面的成分作为前面“最大化一个个体的后代的数目的”结果。 2. （This is ）A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower .(5++)复杂+倒装+省略; 这是一种照亮现实的欲望，此欲望从来就不会唐突的取代后面的那种欲望，后者是我们可以将其部分的理解为一个兼任小说加和科学家的人想要去准确并具体的记录下一朵花的结构和文理的那种意义上的欲望。 A、句首省略了this is 。这种用一个词代替一个句子的方式如果在书面语中出现，只能出现在高级英语中，因此我们以前的英语学习中从未遇到过。其形式类似于我们中文的“精彩”是“这句话真是精彩”的省略形式。 B、desire后跟着两个大的修饰成分，一个是to throw over reality a light，其中的a light 是被倒装到了over reality之后，正常应是throw a light over reality.不过这个便装部分与throw距离不远，读者看得还算懂。关键是第二个修饰成分。注意：从that开始直到句尾结束的长长的定语从句不是修饰其前的light的，而是修饰一开始的desire的。 C、第二个修饰成分中又来了一个倒装，由于作者为了强调never,所以将其提前，引发了定语从句中的倒装：正常语序应该是that might never be given away，倒装后系动词was被提前，given因为在情态动词might之后所以变成了原型give。A give way to B，是A让位于B，而A be given way to B，则是A取代B。on the part of 之后的部分修饰后面的desire, what引导的从句现场阅读时可以看成一个名词。What从句中的不定式to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower中又有一个避免头重脚轻的倒装，正常语序应该是to record the structure and texture of a flower

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专八翻译长难句结构分析最经典50句

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(word完整版)考研英语长难句翻译技巧总结,推荐文档

考研英语长难句翻译技巧总结 词类转译： 在英译汉过程中，有些句子可以逐词对译，有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达方式不同，就不能逐词对译，只能将词类进行转译之后，方可使译文显得通顺、自然；对词类转译技巧的运用须从四个方面加以注意。 1、转译成动词。英语中的某些名词、介词、副词，翻译时可转译成汉语中的动词。 The lack of any special excretory system is explained in a similar way. 植物没有专门的排泄系统，可用同样的方式加以说明。（名词转译） As he ran out ,he forgot to have his shoes on.他跑出去时，忘记了穿鞋子。 2、转译成名词。英语中的某些动词、形容词，翻译时可转换成汉语中的名词。 The earth on which we live is shaped a ball. 我们居住的地球，形状像一个大球。（动词转译） The doctor did his best to cure the sick and the wounded. 医生尽了最大的努力来治疗病号和伤员。（形容词转换） 3、转译成形容词。英语中有些作表语或宾语的抽象名词，以及某些形容词派生的名词，往往可转译成汉语中的形容词。另外，当英语动词转译成汉语名词时，原来修饰该动词的副词也往往随之转译成汉语中的形容词。 It is no use employing radar to detect objects in water. 使用雷达探测水下目标是没有用的。（作表语的名词转译） The sun affects tremendously both the mind and body of a man. 太阳对人的身体和精神都有极大的影响。（副词转译） 4、转译成副词。英语中的某些名词、形容词，翻译时可转译成汉语中的副词。 When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor .只要一发现有可能反对他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这些人争取过来。（名词转译） 词义选择和引申： 英汉两种语言都有一词多类和一词多义的现象。一词多类就是指一个词往往属于几个词类，具有几个不同的意义；一词多义就是同一个词在同一词类中又往往有几个不同的词义。在英译汉的过程中，我们在弄清原句结构后，就要善于运用选择和确定原句中关键词词义的技巧，以使所译语句自然流畅，完全符合汉语习惯的说法；选择确定词义通常可以从两方面着手： 1、根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义 They are as like as two peas .他们相似极了。（形容词） He likes mathematics more than physics .他喜欢数学甚于喜欢物理。（动词） Wheat, oat, and the like are cereals.小麦、燕麦等等皆系谷类。（名词）

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完型、长难句翻译训练

There is one characteristic that promises more positive results than both knowledge and natural talent, and is more reliable than luck. That characteristic is persistence. If you just keep on going, maintaining your hope and belief that something good will happen, it generally does. 有一种品质比知识和天赋更能带给我们更多的成功，并且它比运气更可靠。 这个品质就是坚持。 如果你坚持走下去，并保持希望和信念，坚信好事一定会发生，那么好事一般都会发生。 characteristic [ ??????????????] n.特性；特征；特色 character [ ???????]n. (事物的)特性，特征；(人的)品质，性格，特征promise [ ??????] vt. 1.许诺；承诺 2.使可能；预示 positive [ ???????] adj. 1.确实的；明确的 result [?????●?] n. 结果，成效vi.起因，导致 talent [ ??●???] n.天才，才干 reliable [???●????●] adj.可靠的，可信赖的 persistence [??????????? ??????] n.坚持执着 maintain [????????] vt.保持；维持 There is one characteristic that… 有一种…的品质 1. character性格，品质“-istic”名词后缀 2. that引导定语从句，that 后面都是描述characteristic意为“…的品质” promises more positive results than both knowledge and natural talent, 预示着比知识和天赋更积极的效果 1. promise vt. 1.许诺；承诺 2.使可能；预示 positive adj. 1.实际的, 积极的, 确实的positive results积极的结果（成效） talent 天才，天赋，天资 2.more…than 比…更…（技巧：比后者更前者）both…和…（两者“都”…） 比both knowledge and natural talent,更positive results 翻译：比知识和天赋更积极的效果。 that promises more …, and is more reliable than luck. 它预示着比…更…并且比运气更可靠(前后句并列) reliable 可靠的 One of my father’s favorite sayings as I was growing up was “Try it!” I couldn’t say I didn’t like something, whatever it might be, until I tried it. Over the years I’ve come to realize how much of my success I owe to my acceptance of those words as one of my values. My first job was just one I decided to try for a couple of years until I determined what I want to do as a career（职业）. Actually I believed I would work for a few years, get married, stay home and raise a family, so I didn’t think the job I took mattered that much. I couldn’t have been more mistaken. something 在此的意思不是“某种东西”，而是指“那种东西”或“这种东西”，即心中最想要的那种东西(相当于the thing)。not···until结构，意义为“直到我尝试了之后，我才会说我不喜欢这种事情”。 come to realize，get to realize “逐渐意识到”。

2018考研英语：经典语法长难句解析(44)_毙考题

毙考题APP 2018考研英语：经典语法长难句解析（44） Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political, and intellectual development of these and all other societies, however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. 【核心词汇】 conventional a.常规的，习俗的 priority n.优先，优先权 promote v.促进，推动 undoubtedly ad.确实地，毋庸置疑地 【结构分析】 本句是转折句，前一句的结果相对简单，Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary是典型的主系表结构，for表示对来说，介词结构for the social, political, and intellectual development of these and all other societies作状语，however之后的分句的主干是the conventional view is wrong，view后面的education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries是同位语从句，用来进一步说明其前面的名词view，表明view的具体内容。 【参考译文】 对于这些国家和所有其他的社会、政治以及知识发展，这两方面的进步毫无疑问是必要的;但是，教育应该是促进贫穷国家经济迅速发展的最优先考虑的事情之一，这样的传统观点是错误的。 考试使用毙考题，不用再报培训班 邀请码：8806

英语长难句结构分析技巧及翻译方法

英语长难句结构分析技巧及翻译方法 集团档案编码：[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]

英语长难句结构分析技巧及翻译方法；英语长句也就是复杂句，里面可能会有多个从句，从句；那么，有些同学可能会问，究竟该怎样来分析长难句呢；1、找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，即句子的主干结构；2、找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语；3、分析从句和短语的功能，例如，是否为主语从句、；4、分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配、插入语等；依照上面四个结构分析步骤， 英语长难句结构分析技巧及翻译方法英语长句也就是复杂句，里面可能会有多个从句，从句与从句之间的关系可可能为并列，包含与被包含、镶嵌等形式。因此分析长难句或者翻译长难句，首要解决的应该是弄清楚从句以及清楚从句之间的关系。英语经常出现的复合句包括：名词性从句，它又包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句；形容词性从句，即定语从句；另外还有一种叫做状语从句。 那么，有些同学可能会问，究竟该怎样来分析长难句呢？有以下几点最为基础的步骤需要考生们记住： 1、找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，即句子的主干结构； 2、找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词； 3、分析从句和短语的功能，例如，是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或状语从句等；以及词，短语和从句之间的关系； 4、分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配、插入语等其他成分。

依照上面四个结构分析步骤，我们对下面的句子进行了分解与解析，希望同学们能够在看完例子后，有进一步的理解。 例句：，whowascryingasifhisheartwouldbreakandsaid，whenI例句分析： 第一，拆分句子。 这个长句可以拆分为四段：①“InAfricaImetaboy”②“whowascryinga sifhisheartwouldb reak”、③“whenIspoketohim，thathewashungrybecau se”、④“hehadhadnofoodfortwodays”. 第二，句子的结构分析。 (1)主干结构是主语+过去式+宾语——“Imetaboy”； (2)“crying”后面是壮语从句“asifhisheartwouldbreak”； (3)“whenIspoketohim”是介于“said”和“thathewashungrybecaus e”之间的插入语。第三，难点部分的处理。 “cryingasifhisheartwouldbreak”应译为哭得伤心极了。 参考译文： 在非洲，我遇到一个小孩，他哭得伤心极了，我问他时，他说他饿了，两天没有吃饭了。以上是对于一般长难句的结构较为基础的解析方法。长难句的解析方法具体来讲可以分为分译法、顺序法、综合法、逆序法等。

雅思阅读长难句的分类和实例分析

雅思阅读长难句的分类和实例分析从常见的主从复合句、并列复合句和其他特殊句式三个方面分享了这些复杂结构的分析方法，大家可以参考一下，希望能提高大家的备考质量。 一、主从复合句：是指一个句子中有两个或两个以上主谓结构，并且其中一个(或更多)主谓结构作为句子的某些成分。常见的主从复合句有名词性从句(主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句、宾语从句)、定语从句和状语从句。给大家举个例子吧： 例：同位语从句+定语从句+状语从句 Second, we make a very conservative assumption that we are looking for a life form that is pretty well like us, since if it differs radically from us we may well not recognise it as a life form, quite apart from whether we are able to communicate with it. (剑9 Test 1 Passage 2) 句子结构分析：这句话的主干是we make a very conservative assumption that…that…since if…whether…。第一个That引导的从句作assumption的同位语，第二个that引导定语从句修饰a life form，since引导时间状语从句，if引导条件状语从句。 译文：第二，我们保守地假定我们正在搜寻的生命形式和人类非常相似，如果形势完全不同，那么我们可能不会把它看作一种生命形式，更不用说能否与它进行交流了。 二、并列复合句：由两个或两个以上的分句通过一些并列连词(but、and、not only…but also…、neither…nor…、yet、while、so等)，构成的复合句。常见的并列复合句可以分为并列关系复合句、转折关系复合句、因果关系复合句和选择关系复合句。给大家举个例子吧： 例：并列关系复合句 The technology for dealing with the hostile saline environment under the sea has been developed in the North Sea oil industry and much is already known about turbine blade design, because of wind power and ship propellers. (剑9 Test 3 Passage 2) 句子结构分析：and连接两个并列句，第一个句子是被动语态，为现在完成时，句子主干是The technology has been developed in the North Sea oil industry 。第二个句子是主系表结构，为一般现在时，句子主干是much is already known about turbine blade design，because of作原因状语。 译文：应对海底恶劣盐渍环境的技术已经在北海油田工业中得以研发，而且得益于对风力发电及船只螺旋桨等技术的积累，人们对涡轮机叶片的设计已经有了很多了解。 三、其他特殊句式：除了上面给大家分享的一些复合句之外，雅思阅读中还会出现一些倒装、省略、强调等特殊句式，同学们备考的时候要注意一下。例子如下： 例1 ：强调句式