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2021年高一上学期物理周练1缺答案

班级姓名得分

一、单项选择题（50分）

1．下列说法正确的是( )

A．高速公路上限速牌上的速度值是指平均速度

B．运动员在处理做香蕉球运动的足球时，要将足球看成质点

C．运动员的链球成绩是指链球从离开手到落地的位移大小

D．选取不同的参考系，同一物体的运动轨迹可能不同

2．关于质点，下列说法中正确的是( )

A．质点一定是体积和质量极小的物体

B．因为质点没有大小，所以与几何中的点没有区别

C．研究运动员在3 000米长跑比赛中运动的快慢时，该运动员可看做质点D．欣赏芭蕾舞表演者的精彩表演时，可以把芭蕾舞表演者看做质点

3．红军长征途中一支100 m长的队伍匀速前进，通信兵从队尾赶到队前传达命令，然后立即返回，当通信兵回到队尾时，队伍已前进了200 m，在这个过程中，通信兵的位移大小是( )

A．400 m B．100 m

C．200 m D．300 m

4．有研究发现，轿车的加速度变化情况将影响乘客的舒适度：即加速度变

化得越慢，乘坐轿车的人就会感到越舒适；加速度变化得越快，乘坐轿车的人就会感到越不舒适。若引入一个新物理量来表示加速度变化的快慢，则该物理量的单位应是( )

A ．m/s

B ．m/s 2

C ．m/s 3

D ．m 2/s

5．以下说法中正确的是( )

A ．做匀变速直线运动的物体，t s 内通过的路程与位移的大小一定相等

B ．质点一定是体积和质量极小的物体

C ．速度的定义式和平均速度公式都是v ＝

Δx

Δt ，因此速度就是指平均速度 D ．速度不变的运动是匀速直线运动

6．一质点沿直线Ox 方向做变速运动，它离开O 点的距离x 随时间t 变化的关系为x ＝(5＋2t 3)m ，它的速度随时间t 变化的关系为v ＝6t 2m/s ，该质点在t ＝0到t ＝2 s 间的平均速度和t ＝2 s 到t ＝3 s 间的平均速度的大小分别为( )

A ．12 m/s 39 m/s

B ．8 m/s 38 m/s

C ．12 m/s 19.5 m/s

D ．8 m/s 13 m/s

7．一个朝着某方向做直线运动的物体，在时间t 内的平均速度是v ，紧接

着t 2内的平均速度是v

，则物体在这段时间内的平均速度是( )

A．v B.2

v C.

v D.

8．两位杂技演员，甲从高处自由落下的同时乙从蹦床上竖直跳起，结果两人同时落到蹦床上，若以演员自己为参考系，此过程中他们各自看到对方的运动情况是( )

A．甲看到乙先朝上、再朝下运动

B．甲看到乙一直朝上运动

C．乙看到甲先朝下、再朝上运动

D．甲看到乙一直朝下运动

9.如图所示，一小球分别以不同的初速度，从光滑斜面的底端A点向上做直线运动，所能到达的最高点位置分别为a、b、c，它们距斜面底端A点的距离分别为s1、s2、s3，对应到达最高点的时间分别为t1、t2、t3，则下列关系正确的是( )

A.s

＝

C.s

＝

10.汽车以20m/s的速度做匀速直线运动，刹车后的加速度大小为5 m/s2，那么开始刹车后2 s内与开始刹车后6 s内汽车通过的位移之比为( ) A．1∶1 B．1∶3

C．3∶4 D．4∶3

二、多项选择题（24分）

11．关于时刻和时间，下列说法中正确的是( )

A．1秒很短，所以1秒表示时刻

B．第3秒是指一个时刻

C．12秒80是男子110米栏最新世界纪录，这里的12秒80是指时间

D．2012年5月28日10点22分，唐山发生4.8级地震，这里的10点22分指时刻

12．科学研究表明，在太阳系的边缘可能还有一颗行星——幸神星。这颗可能存在的行星是太阳系现有的质量最大的行星，它的质量是木星质量的4倍，它的轨道与太阳的距离是地球与太阳的距离的几千倍。根据以上信息，下列说法正确的是( )

A．幸神星质量太大，不能看做质点

B．研究幸神星绕太阳运动，可以将其看做质点

C．比较幸神星运行速度与地球运行速度的大小关系，可以选择太阳为参考系

D．幸神星运行一周的位移要比地球运行一周的位移大

13．北京时间2012年10月25日23时33分，我国在西昌卫星发射中心用

“长征三号丙”运载火箭，将第十二颗北斗导航卫星成功送入太空预定轨道。这标志着北斗卫星导航系统建设又迈出了坚实的一步，北斗卫星导航系统可以免费提供定位、测速和授时服务，定位精度10 m，测速精度0.2 m/s，以下说法正确的是( )

A．北斗导航卫星定位提供的是被测物体的位移

B．北斗导航卫星定位提供的是被测物体的位置

C．北斗导航卫星授时服务提供的是时刻

D．北斗导航卫星测速服务提供的是运动物体的速率

14．某质点以20 m/s的初速度竖直向上运动，其加速度保持不变，经2 s 到达最高点，上升高度为20 m，又经过2 s回到出发点时，速度大小仍为20 m/s，关于这一运动过程的下列说法中正确的是( )

A．质点运动的加速度大小为10 m/s2，方向竖直向下

B．质点在这段时间内的平均速度为零

C．质点在最高点时加速度为零

D．质点在落回抛出点时的速度与开始离开抛出点时的速度相同

三、非选择题（26分）

15．以72 km/h的速度行驶的列车，临时需要在某中途车站停车，因此以大

小为0.4 m/s2的加速度减速进站，停车2 min，然后以0.5 m/s2的加速度匀加速出站，最后恢复原运行速度。试计算该列车此次因临时停车共耽误多长时间。

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-40641 9EC1 黁31988 7CF4 糴j21441 53C1 叁z38408 9608 阈P20186 4EDA 仚36007 8CA7 貧29478 7326 猦24929 6161 慡24482 5FA2 徢q20548 5044 偄

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