科技英语_秦荻辉_科技英语语法习题以及答案

科技英语_秦荻辉_科技英语语法习题以及答案练习 1

I、将下列句子译成汉语，注意句中有些冠词的特殊位置:

1. In this case the current(电流)exists for only half the cycle(周期).

2. In such a case there is no current flowing in the circuit(电路).

3. Sensitivity(灵敏度)is a measure of how small a signal(信号)a receiver(接收机)can

pick up and amplify(放大)to a level useful for communications.

4. ε may be as small a positive constant as you please.

5. Even so fundamental a dimension,量纲，as time was measured extremely crudely with sand

and water clocks hundreds of years ago.

6. Nonlinear distortion,非线性失真，can be caused by too large an input signal.

7. The method used is quite an effective one.

8. A series,级数，solution of this kind of problem allows as close a calculation of the error as needed.

II、将下列句子译成汉语，注意句中“and”和“or”的确切含义:

1. Air has weight and occupies space.

2. In this way less collector dissipation(集电极功耗)results, and the efficiency increases.

3. We can go one step farther and take into account the nonzero

slope of the actual curves.

4. Try hard, and you will work the nut(螺母)loose.

5. The first step in analyzing a physical situation is to select those aspects of it which are essential and disregard the others.

6. This satellite was used for communications between the United States and Great Britain, France and Italy.

7. Some physical quantities require only a magnitude and a unit to

be completely specified. Thus it is sufficient to say that the mass of a man is 85 kg, that the area of a farm is 160 acres, that the frequency

of a sound wave is 660 cycles/sec, and that a light bulb consumes electric energy at the rate of 100 watts.

8. Geothermal energy, or energy from within the earth, can be used

to generate electricity.

o9.The current in a capacitor(电容器)leads(导前)the voltage by 90, or, the voltage lags

othe current by 90.

10. The message is a logical unit of user data, control data, or both.

III、将下列句子译成汉语，注意句中分数和倍数的正确译法:

1. By varying V only a few hundredths of a volt, the base current(基极电流)can be BE

changed significantly.

2. The standard meter is accurate to about two parts in one billion.

3. Cromatographic(层析的)techniques have been developed to detect

air pollutants at

concentrations(浓度)of one part per million or less.

4. The volume coefficient(体膨胀系数)of a solid is almost exactly

three times its linear

coefficient.

5. The demand for this kind of equipment in the near future will be

20 times what it is.

6. The wavelength of this musical note(音符)is

7.8 ft, over three

times longer than the

wavelength of the same note in air (2.5 ft).

7. This causes the collector current(集电极电流)to change by a

factor of approximately β.

8. This factor(因子)is now equal to 9, a reduction by a factor of 11.

IV、将下列句子译成英语:

1、火箭是由金属制成的。

2、电池是能提供(give)恒定电压(constant voltage)的一种器件(device)。

3、这是一台多好的计算机啊～

4、在计算机中，趋势(tendency)是以尽可能高的时钟速率(clock rate)运作(operate)。

5、必须使物体运动，要不然就没有做功(work)。

6、这条铁路比那条长五倍。

7、普通的窗户经受(withstand)不了如此(so)大的力。

8、这个值(value)是原来的1/3。

9、这是一个太复杂的问题以至于我们在此不加讨论(go into)。

10、解这个题要花费计算机半个小时(的时间)。

V、改正下列句中的错误，并将句子译成汉语:

1. A 80-lb force must be used here.

2. This is a too large a signal.

3. Digital transmission(数字式传输)does not need to have as a high

S/N ratio(信噪比)

as analog(模拟)transmission.

4. To understand physics, good knowledge of mathematics is necessary.

5. This is a so sensitive instrument that it can measure slight

change in pressure.

____________________________________________________________________

___________

练习 2

I、将下列句子译成汉语，并说明句中划有横线的介词短语的语法功能:

1. One of the most valuable ways of representing functions is by graphical representation(图

示法).

2. A number of conditions are classified as “occupational

diseases(职业病).”

3. Engineers may find the book of great value.

4. If you let your pencil drop to the floor, you can see gravity in action.

5. In this case the failure point(失效点)corresponds to a factor of safety of 1.

6. The topic of trouble-shooting(故障检修)will be discussed in Chapter 9.

7. Typical noise margins(噪声裕度)are usually better than the guaranteed value by about 75

mV.

8. Upon the application of an external force, we can cause the body to move.

9. We measure resistance(电阻)in ohms.

10. Direct current(直流电)flows only in one direction.

11. We can use this device to measure a slight change in pressure.

12. The history of two-way radfio communications in some ways parallels the development of commercial radio broadcasting.

II、将下列句子译成汉语，并说明划有横线的动词的类别:

1. When an electric current flows through a wire, the wire will get hot.

2. That statement(陈述)sounds natural.

3. The water in the middle pipe will stand lower and thus indicates

a lower pressure.

4. It takes a body(物体)precisely as long to fall from a height h as it does to rise that high.

5. We cannot exaggerate the danger of attempting a short circuit directly across a voltage

source.

III、将下列句子译成汉语，并注意划有横线的副词或副词短语的语法功能:

1. At this time the pulse(脉冲)is over.

2. The two equations below are of great importance.

3. In general, we can say, for any body anywhere, weight =

mass×acceleration(加速度)due to gravity(重力).

4. The temperatures on Jupiter(木星)and the planets beyond are extremely low.

5. The problem now is to determine the resultant(合力)of these forces.

6. With great telescopes astronomers can see stars and other things very far away.

7. The force between two charges(电荷)of 1 coul(库仑)each a distance of 1 m apart is 9

9×10 N(牛顿).

8. It all begin with the development 30 years ago of the

transistor(晶体管).

IV、将下列句子译成英语:

1、我们非常容易地获得了这个结果。(要求对划线部分用介词短语来表示)

2、常用的仪器有许多。(要求对划线部分用介词短语来表示)

3、人们用牛顿(newton)为单位来度量各种力。(要求对划线部分用介词短语来表示)

4、重力(gravity)这一概念将在下一节介绍。

5、在这新的三章中，第一章介绍核能(nuclear energy)。

6、这两个值相差5。

7、这种新设备与那些旧设备相比有许多优点。

8、我们需要解这些方程把那些未知数(unknown)求出来。

9、在日常生活中，力似乎是仅仅靠“直接接触”来传递(transmit)的。

10、这个结果看起来是正确的。

11、这一点无论怎样强调也不过分。

12、它们相隔的距离是很小的。

V、改正以下句中的错误，并将句子译成汉语:

1. Current is measured with amperes.

o 2. In this case the wheel will rotate for 360.

3. Compared with that algorithm, the algorithm presented in this paper(论文)has two advantages.

4. These are the sufficient and necessary conditions to the equation above.

5. These parameters must maintain constant during transformation(变换).

6. There seems to be three forces acting on the body.

____________________________________________________________________ ___________

练习 3

I、将下列句子译成汉语，并说明带有划线的形容词或形容词短语的语法功能:

1. The energy contained in the pulse(脉冲)is this efficiency times the maximum attainable.

2. This measure is the key for the extremely low dc power(直流功

率)achievable.

3. Everything electronic will be done digitally.

4. A rope transmits tension(张力)from one point to another unchanged.

5. Even if a student can follow every line of example in this book, that doesn?t mean that he or she can solve problems unaided.

6. Their electrical and magnetic properties, often paramount, are discussed in Chapters 14 and 15.

7. These forces act on the electrons able to move freely within the wire.

8. A method of timing(定时)accurate to millionths of a second is necessary.

9. The human body is made up of countless structures both large and small.

10. The acceleration(加速度)due to gravity(重力)is essentially constant.

11. Diffraction(绕射)and interference(干涉)are phenomena

characteristic of waves.

12. A surface so smooth that any irregularities(不平度)in it are

small relative to the wavelength of the light falling upon it behaves differently.

13. There are many problems, both technological and financial, that remain to be solved.

14. Gravitation(万有引力)is in every object, large or small.

15. Yet there are connections, neither series(串联的)nor parallel,

for which the above-mentioned phenomenon occurs.

16. Subject to certain generalizations(通则)which will be described later on, Coulom?s law in the form given above is restricted to point charges(点电荷).

17. Due to the nature of the definition of the radian(弧度), it is even common to express radians in terms of π.

18. Analogous to the eyelid, the camera shutter(快门)opens for a predetermined length of time to allow the rays to enter through the lens and expose the film.

19. Both m and n are therefore even(偶数的), contrary to our choice of m and n.

20. The force acts perpendicular to the surface of the earth.

II、将下列句子译成英语，要求对划线部分用形容词(短语)来表示:

1、这个信息量(quantity of information)近似地正比于可用的频率范围(range)。

2、现有的化学教科书均提到了这一现象。

3、在一个正常的(normal)原子中，质子(proton)数等于存在的电子数。

4、在这篇论文(paper)中没有什么特别的内容。

5、在这种情况下，信号波形(signal waveform)能无失真地被传输(transmit)。

6、太阳的光线(ray)几乎是平行地到达地球的。

7、这是一个大于1的正数。

8、这样的数列(sequence)必定有一个极限(limit)，或是有限的(finite)，或是无限

的(infinite)。

9、这方法能用来处理(handle)太复杂了以至于无法用目测法(by inspection)来解的

问题。

10、一切系统，不论是生物的(living)还是机械的，都是信息和反馈控制系统。

11、由于结构简单、价格低廉，这种机器深受用户青睐。

12、与普通的观念(common belief)相反，戈登(Gordon)博士并不是第一个使用该金

属的人。

13、该球在平行于桌面运动。

14、这电路(circuit)工作起来类似于一个计数器(counter)。

15、这是一根长为5米的直线(straight line)。

____________________________________________________________________ ___________

练习 4

I、将下列句子译成汉语，并说明带有划线的物主代词与被修饰词之间的逻辑关系:

1. Each structure of the body(人体)is in direct communication with the brain by means of its

own set of telephone wires, called nerves.

2. When food enters the stomach, its presence stimulates nerves, sending signals to centers in the brain.

3. Light is needed by the green plants to make them green and they cannot survive for long in

its absence.

4. This dip(倾斜)is referred to as the “Lamp dip,” after W. E. Lamp, who predicted its

occurrence on theoretical grounds.

5. Physics is the most quantitative of the sciences, and we must become accustomed to its

insistence upon accurate measurements and precise relationships if

we are to appreciate its results.

6. Thus far our discussion of the principles of mechanics has been concerned primarily with particles.

7. Our analysis of the various gate families(门电路系列)will be made in the next chapter.

8. From its definition as change in velocity divided by elapsed time, radial acceleration(径向

22加速度)is expressed in m/sec or cm/sec.

9. Since transformers are large, heavy, and expensive, their elimination from the circuit(电路)

results in considerable savings.

10. Each of these types of mechanical drives(传动装置)has specific features that often dictates its selection in a particular situation.

II、将下列句子译成汉语，并说明带有划线的代词代替了什么东西:

1. By the “most efficient” algorithm one norm ally means the fastest.

2. Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current affairs.

3. The term “strain”(应变)is a geometrical one.

4. The angle θ between T and the horizontal,水平线，is the same as that between either half 1

of the rope and the horizontal.

5. The design of the R–R bias(偏压)network for the emitter

follower(射极跟随器)parallels 21

that for the common-emitter amplifier(共发射极放大器).

6. Where there is too much of it, the poisonous waste may do great harm to the things around us.

7. Although they follow the same basic pattern described above, television receivers will be

dealt with separately.

8. Although it is probably not the whole story, one effect of the hydrogen gas is to increase the

resistancece(电阻)between the electrode(电极)and the solution(溶液), increasing the inernal

resistance of the cell(电池).

III、将下列句子译成英语，要求对划线部分用名词短语来表示:

1、这些新设备与旧的相比的优点之一是它们的体积小。

2、由于其极为重要，这个电路(circuit)将在后面详细讨论。

3、这些球会很快停下来是由于它们与地面(ground)相互作用(interaction)的缘故。

4、我们对这个内容(topic)的讨论将在下一章进行。

5、负反馈(negative feedback)是电子学(electronics)中的一项重要技术，对它的论述

(description)将推迟(defer)到最后一章。

6、水的密度(density)比冰的高。

7、所谓效率，人们指的是输出与输入之比。

8、月亮离我们最近，这就是为什么它看起来很大的原因。

9、这些结果与实验结果相吻合(be in agreement with)。

10、这些计算机与我们实验室里的类同。

____________________________________________________________________ ___________

练习 5

I、将下列句子译成汉语:

19 1. Such a glass rod the same size as the 1-Ω copper wire would have resistance of 10Ω.

2. Standard chains are made in width approximately 1.5 to 12 times the pitch(齿距).

3. The nodes(节点)are spaced a half-wavelength apart.

4. This is a microprocessor controlled communications system.

5. To reduce the skin effect(集肤效应), silver plate(涂敷)the conductor(导体).

6. Small transistorized equipment is often battery powered.

7. Transistors are temperature sensitive.

8. By calculating torques(力矩)about the inner end of the beam(柱子), we eliminate F and x

F, a convenient simplification. y

9. Upon making use of this equation, the exact frequencies found in the hydrogen spectrum are obtained —— a remarkable achievement.

10. The air pressure in an automobile tire drops in cold weather and increases in warm weather, an illustration of the above property.

11. The independent particle model of the nucleus is able to explain the origin of these magic numbers, a strong point in its favor.

12. When the applied force is less than F, the frictional force always equals the applied force. Otherwise, since F acts in the opposite direction to an applied force, objects would move backward when pushed weakly, something that does not, of course, occur.

13. At extremely low temperatures, near absolute zero, some conductors lose the last vestige(一

点点)of resistance, a phenomenon referred to as superconductivity(超

导性).

14. One of the principal applications of the diode(二极管)is in the production of a dc voltage

from an ac supply(交流电源), a process called rectification(整流).

15. The gain of electrons by an atom leads to the formation of a negative ion(离子).

16. This introduction requires some exposure to logic design principles, electronics, and programming.

17. The removal of enough heat from water may change it into ice.

18. The conversion of electrical energy to heat in a resistor(电阻器)is an irreversible process.

2 19. This dependence of wave energy on A is true for waves of all kinds.

20. To establish the variation of the force with distance, we could use an arrangement similar to that shown in Fig. 21-5.

21. The revolution of the earth around the sun causes the changes of the seasons.

22. It is important to recognize the influence of the physical setting on creativity.

23. The ratio of charge(电荷)to potential(电位)is called the capacitance(电容)of the body.

24. The need of a plant for water, soil and sunshine has to be obtained from its environment.

25. For clarity, the effect of gravitation on the ball?s motion is omitted from Fig. 8-2.

II、将下列句子译成英语，要求对划线部分用名词(短语)来表示:

1、这是不为零的任意常数(constant)。

2、有一天，像我们太阳那么大小的小星星会变成白矮星(white dwarf star)。

3、矢量(vector)A 具有n倍矢量B的数值(magnitude)。

4、RAM硬盘(disk)的内容(contents)完全是由用户控制的。

5、所有这些量是取决于频率的。

6、这些设备已由工厂精确地校准(calibrate)过了。

7、在这种情况下，磁显示器(magnetic display)往往变得在显示方面受限制(limit)了。

8、这台仪器在相位(phase)上跟踪(track)由电压(voltage)控制的振荡器(oscillator)。

9、炉子(stove)主要是通过受热空气的实际运动来暖和(warm)房间的，这一过程称

为对流(convection)。

10、这时，我们只需关心(be concerned with)叫出(name)无机化合物(inorganic compound)

的名称来，这一任务比较简单。

11、在这种情况下，任何介质材料(dielectric material)就会变成导体(conductor)，这一

现象称为介质击穿(dielectric breakdown)。

12、我们假定(assume)电子速度并不太接近于(close to)光速，这一要求(requirement)

我们将在第四章讨论。

13、这些测量必须在许多频率上进行(make)，这任务是颇为耗时(time-consuming)和

烦人的(tedious)。

14、物质对于电流流动的阻力(resistance)受到好几个因素的影响。

15、这方法与例2的方法相比有一个优点。

16、连续地(continued)使眼睛暴露(exposure)于强光(light of great intensity)会引起

(cause)视力的丧失(loss of sight)。

17、周长(circumference)与半径(radius)之比为2π。

18、图1-5画出了向心力(centripetal)F对这些因素的依从关系(dependence)。 c

19、速度随时间的变化(情况)示于图6-6中。

20、通过加热把冰转变(conversion)成水、把水转变成水蒸汽(water vapor)是物质状

态变化的一个例证(illustration)。

III、改正下列句中的错误，并将句子译成汉语:

1. The comparison of radio waves to water waves is made in this section.

2. In order to apply these laws of motion, we must take into detailed account all the various

forces acting in a given situation at any point in the path of a moving body, usually the difficult

and complicated procedure.

3. We may see the action(作用)of the acid(酸)at glass.

4. The choice of ln C for the constant of integration(积分常数)is reasonable.

5. Conductors permit the passage of charge in them.

6. AC can be changed into DC, this process is referred to as rectification(整流).

7. The addition(加)of impurities(杂质)on semiconductors will make

the conductivity(导

电率)change greatly.

8. Control engineers are usually interested in the response of a control system toward these

functions(函数).

____________________________________________________________________ ___________

练习 6

I、把下列句子译成汉语:

1. The word radar comes from Radio Detection(探测)And Ranging(测距).

2. Arithmetic, the science of numbers, is the base of mathematics.

3. The quiescent dc power dissipation(静态直流功耗)in this case is typically 5 nW, an

extremely small figure.

4. Now define an ideal radiator(辐射体)as a “black” body, one that absorbs all incident

radiation(入射辐射)and reflects and transmits none of it.

5. The above analysis describes the steady-state condition of a circuit, the condition that

prevails after the circuit has been connected to the source(电源)for

a long time.

6. Five sensing channels(感官渠道), sight, hearing, smell, taste,

and touch, feeds inputs to the brain.

7. An American, Edison, invented the first electric lamp.

8. This chapter examines the properties of an important nonlinear(非线性的)device, the

diode rectifier(二极管整流器).

9. Two or more elements may combine chemically to form a compound, a new substance whose properties are different from those of the elements that compose it.

10. In this chapter, the process of measurement, the most fundamental operation in physics, is

discussed briefly.

11. An instrument for measuring electric resistance, the ommeter(欧姆表)is widely used in

electrical engineering.

12. An electroacoustic transducer(电声传感器), the loudspeaker (扬声器) converts

audio-frequency power into acoustic power.

13. A portion of the output is returned to the input terminals, a condition referred to as voltage

feedback.

14. The resistance of a wire is indirectly proportional to the cross section(横截面)，a fact that

was verified experimentally by Ohm.

15. More important, we see how to use the Fourier transform to describe and analyze systems

and circuits.

16. What, you may wonder, does 54/74 stand for?

17. The Special Revision Units, it is hoped, constitute a valuable aid in the task of consolidation

(巩固).

18. A Boolean variable(布尔变量), say A, can take on(呈现)only two values.

o 19. The current in an inductor(电感器)lags(滞后)the voltage by 90 or, what is the same thing,

othe voltage leads(导前)the current 90.

20. This we know does not have a defined value(限定值), since r , 1.

21. Electrical inventors who followed Edison did not have to experiment with the substances

which, he had found, would not work.

22. We could apply these two vectors(矢量), which it will be noticed are in polar form(极坐

标形式), to any network characteristic(特性).

II、将下列句子译成英语:

1、在该球的整个运动(motion)期间，使照相机快门(camera shutter)打开

着。

2、为方便起见，一物体的惯性质量(inertial mass)和重力质量(gravitational mass)习

惯地(customarily)设定(set)为相等的。

3、我们已知(be given)该速度是恒定的。

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2015/12/2 Wednesday
西安电子科技大学
西安电子科技大学
§5. 2 同位语从句
1、一般情况 （1）公式
§5. 2 同位语从句 The latter（后一）form has the advantage that it can be extended（扩展） to complex quantities .
+ 某些抽象名词 +
the this a/an O no
形容词 物主代词
that从句[“that”在
从句中无词义、无 成分]
③ “动宾译法”：这时该“抽象名词” 来自于可带有宾语从句的及物动词。
西安电子科技大学
西安电子科技大学
§5. 2 同位语从句
（2）译法 ① “～ 这一 ……” 的
§5. 2 同位语从句 During the past several years, there has been an increasing [a growing] recognition [realization; awareness] within business（商务）and academic（学术的） circles（界）that certain nations have evolved（发展）into information societies .
The assumption that β = constant is often made to simplify analysis. R = r is the condition that power delivered（提供）by a given source is a maximum .
西安电子科技大学
西安电子科技大学
§5. 2 同位语从句 Here we have used the definition （定义）that acceleration（加速度）is the rate（速率）of change of velocity .
② 这一 ……：～ 以下的
§5. 2 同位语从句 The main theoretical development in this decade（十年）has been in the recognition that material properties should be included in analytical models . This is equivalent to a statement that everything is attracted by the earth.
This account for（解释）the observation（观察到的情况）that the resistivity of a metal increases with temperature .
1

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