高考英语阅读理解综述与启示

高考英语阅读理解综述与启示

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阅读是外语学习者接触目标语言最直接最便利的途径之一，是提高自身语言水平的重要手段，所以是英语教学的一大重点。在各级各类的语言水平测试中，阅读都是不可或缺的重要组成部分。在高考英语试卷中，阅读理解题型所占的分数最多，历来是教研老师和备考学生最为关注的环节。此部分的得分直接决定了整个试卷的分数层次，可谓“得阅读者得天下”。

●2006年阅读分析

通过分析2006年的各套高考阅读理解题，我们可从中总结出以下几点共性：

一、总体评价

难度上，与往年相比，各套卷子中阅读题型的总体难度有不小的下降，直接导致平均分数的上升。事实上，在今年六月份的新旧两种题型的大学四级英语考试中，也体现了这种变化趋势：老题型卷比以前难度下降，首次面世的新题型卷也比原先颁布的样卷难度低很多。而大学英语四六级考试一直是高考改革的风向标，这种趋势值得重视。

一方面，作为高中教学指挥棒的高考加重对基础知识、基本能力的考查，不追求偏、难、怪题，起到了很好的教学导向性作用，有利于减轻中学生的课业负担和学习压力；另一方面，由于难度下降，对于高分阶段的优秀生和中等生的区分度不高，要想在此部分取得一个比较理想的成绩，必须提高水平，体现出并巩固相对优势才能立于不败之地。

二、词汇量

词汇量的变化，历来是英语高考改革的一个焦点，而这一变化主要体现在阅读部分。今年教育部颁发的考试大纲依据仍然是2000年教学大纲，要求的词汇量是2000，与去年持平。但是本年参加高考的同学是第一届使用新课程标准教材的毕业生，课堂教学的单词量有了明显提高，而这种变化多多少少都会影响高考试题。既然数量上的变化不适宜体现在试卷中，则可能对词汇运用质量上的要求就会提高。具体到阅读题目中，就会以增加文章的字数，加大考生的单位时间信息处理量的方法来体现这种变化。

另外，作为国家高中教学纲领性文件的《新课程标准》要求高中学生词汇量达到3500左右，这一目标理应成为全国以及各独立命题的省、市高考词汇量的标准。在此前提下，北京、天津、广东、湖北等地在自己单独的高考考试说明中也在不断扩大词汇量，甚至今年有些省市比如湖南就直接明确提出词汇范围参照《新课程标准》。由于考试要为教学服务，伴随着基础教育中英语教学水平的不断提高，高考的词汇量从数量和质量两个方面必定要不断增加，不断向《新课标》靠拢。

二、文章特点

从所选语篇的题材和体裁来看，各地高考卷阅读部分都呈现出高度的多样化。记叙、说明、议论和应用四大类体裁在各套试卷中都有专门的考查；各种社会热点话题，例如环境保护、老龄化、宠物、友谊、心理问题等话题也作为常见题材经常出现在阅读中。例如全国不含听力卷：陈述Emma在以色列短暂停留时发生的故事（A篇），简单罗列“历史上的今天”（B篇），女儿通过教母亲学习电脑知识获取一些快乐时光（C篇），当友谊面临阻碍时该怎样去维护和修复（D 篇），大学教授针对世界自由贸易市场的观点和立场（E篇）。再如全国含听力卷：关于灰狗的说明文（A篇），一次汽车故障引出对于“感谢”的思考（B篇），英语学习中遇到的困难和学习动

机的重要性（C篇），作者丰富多彩的退休生活（D篇），企鹅观赏的广告（E篇）。再如北京卷：利用预算表理财（A篇），父亲的AIDS生活（B篇），对乞丐乞讨的想法和态度（C篇），母婴关系的疏离方案（D篇）以及通过调整记忆来影响饮食习惯（E篇）。

三、题目分析

总的来说，各套题目中呈现出这样的趋势：细节类题目数量不断下降，回到文章简单进行信息寻找和对比对照已经成为了最基础的要求，单做到这一点还远远不够。推理类题目数量开始上升，例如全国不含听力卷（8个），重庆卷（6个），江西卷（9个），江苏卷（8个）。

推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。故这类试题的答案不应该是短文内容的简单再现或重述，而应该是作者的言外之意弦外之音。推理题大多会问及文章的暗示、推论、结论、人物的身份和关系、作者的观点、态度和语气等。这类试题，除了需要精确透彻地理解短文、理顺文章的脉络外，还要求考生有一定的思考提炼和逻辑推理的能力。该题型在高考阅读理解测试部分中难度较大、要求较高，是要取得高分必须攻破的一道难关。

四、特殊情况

除了上面的这些共同特点，今年的高考完形也出现了一些特殊的情况。

1、北京卷的A篇和C篇中出现了三处斜体字。通常在高考英语阅读文章中，只有当表示媒体（例如2002年北京卷的D篇）或者书名的时候才对该专有名词进行斜体化处理，而今年这三处斜体都不是什么专有名词，都是为了强调所在处的关键信息而变化的。例如A篇中，对第五段中的wish做了斜体的处理，而如果注意到这一点，会对文后58题的选择做出决定性的帮助。

2、重庆卷E篇的75题“What will the author most probably talk about next?”，这是一个在高层次语言测试（例如托福考试）中较常见，而在高中较少出现的“下文延续题”。体现了高考英语从单纯考查语言知识和能力，开始涉及到文章结构和逻辑思维层面。北京卷C篇66题对作者在文中第二段的行文方式发问：通过提问、举例子、设问还是直叙？阅读理解后面的问题向来都注重考察考生对文章内容的理解和领悟，而此题则要求考生关注文章中具体的语言形式。形式为内容服务，不同的行文风格有不同的叙述效果，考生应对此加以注意。

●对应策略

针对以上分析，为了在明年高考中获得高分，在未来的高三备考过程中，同学们必须做到“奇文共欣赏，疑义相与析。”的精读和“泛览周王传，流观山海图。”的泛读相结合。精读的目的在于提高理解率。通过精读一字一句精耕细作，我们可以掌握常用词汇、基本语法以及文章的固定套路和英语的思维方式，就像修炼内功真气。泛读的目的在于提高阅读速度。通过泛读一目十行博览天下，我们能够充分积累语言经验，多接触真实世界中各方各面的语言材料，就像见识外家套路。而这两种训练都在以后的阅读过程中都可以发生正向迁移，作用于新的阅读材料。双管齐下才能真正修炼提高自己的阅读能力，在高考中立于不败之地。

一、反复精读

笔者在新东方的课堂上，经常说要“反复精读已经读过的文章”。很多同学做了什么38套题、45套题，各个击破，轻巧夺冠……恨不得把市面上的阅读书全部都打穿，但是自己的能力并没有得到相应的提高。曾经有这样的同学来问我，我反问他的做题方式，他说就是阅读文章做题目然后对答案，对了挺高兴的，错了把答案改做来。我听了以后马上就知道他不长进的根源所在了。对的是你已经掌握了的，你即使不进行练习碰到了肯定还是能正确解出；而错的题目，仅仅把A

改成C是远远不够的。之所以做了很多阅读没有提高，原因就在于没有充分重视错题。做错了的题正是知识的薄弱点，是急需更正提高的地方。匆匆放过如何能使自己快速进步？虽然说做题是体力活，但是如果多用脑子，多思考多总结就会有突飞猛进的提高。提高考试阅读成绩的秘诀就在于“反复精读已经读过的文章”，只有耐下性子来回头再看已经读过的文章，这样才能看到更多的上下文之间的关系，而这些上下文的关系是提高阅读速度和理解率的关键，也就是帮助我们理解文章的关键。

二、广泛阅读

《新课标》要求高中三年平均每年的英文课外阅读量要达到30万字，折合成300字左右的阅读理解题就是1000篇左右。不过据调查，可以说很少有同学能够真正达到这个要求。语言是一种需要习得的技能，而非一种单靠归纳演绎就能够掌握的知识。现在高考不断转向真实世界，重视真实语言材料的趋势和多样化的选文策略，直接决定了未来的高考考生在复习备考过程中，必然不能拘泥于各种课本和练习题，应该广泛接触各种语言材料。不要一提到阅读，脑海里就是一堆一堆的阅读理解题，要增加各种形式的真实语言材料的输入量，在实践中不断进步。

泛读的材料有很多，第一推荐的就是我们的教材，我们的高中课本。很多同学一说起看课本就跟让他喝中药似的。认为上课时老师把每一课都掰开了揉烂了讲得不能再细了，还有什么看头。但是，老师讲过不代表你就能掌握，表面掌握不代表你认识到课本的价值。例如高三的课本，把中学所有学过的语法点都在一册的12篇课文中有机地串了起来，把课本中出现的语法点都认真摸清搞透，也就能达到教学大纲和考试大纲的要求了，所以说精心编写的课本是泛读的最好材料。重视课本是一种省时省力的修炼途径，如果高三的时候能够从头到尾把所有的高中课本大声读过三五遍，自然会有突飞猛进的提高。尤其是对那些成绩不是很理想（80分以下的）的同学，重视课本反复朗读，提高二三十分问题不大。

三、研究题目

考试意义上的阅读理解不同于一般获取信息的阅读，它是一种定向理解，即要求考生在阅读短文后回答命题人设计的理解题，与考题无关的内容则可以不理解，理解正确率及能力强弱通过答题正确率鉴定。分析文章时，我们能看到文章是一个有主有次的有机整体，中心思想和细节信息，主题句和支持句构成了一篇结构严谨的文章，其实文章后面的题目又何尝不是如此呢。高考英语“阅读理解”题目的题干所涉及的多是文章的重要内容，几个小题的题干组合在一起基本上就是文章的提纲。

通常来说，高考阅读题目分为细节、主旨、推理和词汇题四大类，实际上是与《新课标》中对于阅读的六种具体能力相对应的。在一篇具体的文章后面，各种题型都会有所涉及，如果仔细研究各个题目之间的关系，就会对我们解题形成很好的启示作用。例如，我们在做题的时候，如果先把主旨题解决掉，就可以在剩下的细节题中紧密把握住文章主旨。之所以考这个细节而不是那个，就是因为此细节是重要信息，关乎文章的主旨，那我们在做题的时候要重视题目之间的关系，抓住这种提示作用为我所用，利用出题时的一些规律来反其道而行之进行题目解决。只有把握命题人的命题意图，了解他出题时处理短文的深度和角度；站在命题人角度去分析阅读理解题题型，并掌握不同题型的特点及答题要求，才能成就一个高分来。

2020-2021高考英语阅读理解综合题汇编及答案解析

一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Gemini Man Gemini Man is a big-budget Hollywood sci-fi-action movie based on an original concept, rather than on a superhero comic or an old TV series, even though this particular original concept is more 20 years old. In it a government assassin (杀手)is being hunted down by his own clone The original script was sold by Darren Lemke to a studio in 1997, and since then almost every male A-listener has been attached as a potential star. Now, at long last, Ang Lee has directed Gemini Man, and Will Smith plays both the veteran assassin and his much younger doppelganger (分身). Jojo Rabbit During World War Two, a 10-year-old German boy (Roman Griffin David) is desperate to be a dutiful Nazi, only to discover that his mother (Scarlett Johansson) is hiding, a Jewish girl (Thomasin McKenzie) in their house. It may not sound like the stuff of a big-hearted comedy but Taika Waititi can make anything warm and funny. As well as writing and directing Jojo Rabbit, Waititi co-stars as the boy's imaginary friend,a nitwitted Adolf Hitler. Doctor Sleep Mike Flanag's new film is adapted from Stephen King, novel, Doctor Sleep, which was a sequel (续集) to The Shining. You can expect to see blood flowing out of lifts in a rapid stream, ghostly twin girls and headache-including carpet patterns. Ewan McGregor stars as Danny Torrance, the boy with psychic powers m 1980 film. Now, he is a middle-aged hospital counsellor. Maleficent: Mistress of Evil Here's another chance to see Angelina Jolie. In 2014 she starred in Maleficent, Disney's live-action remake of the Sleeping Beauty cartoon from 1959. The twist was that the eponymous wicked fairy wasn't so wicked, after all, and that the real villain was the father of Princess Aurora (Elle Fanning). The sequel's subtitle promises that Maleficent will actually be evil this time around, her change of heart prompted by Aurora's engagement to handsome prince (Harris Dickinson).（1）What can we learn from this passage? A. Ewan McGregor plays a role in Doctor Sleep. B. Taika Waititi is the main character in Jojo Rabbit. C. Gemini Man is adapted from a 20-yem--old TV series. D. The real wicked character in Maleficent: Mistress of Evil is Aurora. （2）If your friend wants to see a horror movie, which one will you recommend? A. Gemini Man B. Jojo Babbit C. Doctor Sleep D. Maleficent: Mistress of Evil 【答案】（1）A （2）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四部电影。 （1）考查细节理解。根据Doctor Sleep部分中的“Ewan McGregor stars as Danny Torrance, the boy w ith psychic powers in 1980 film.”可知Ewan McGregor在电影Doctor Sleep扮演Danny Torrance的角色。故选A。

高考英语阅读理解专项训练100篇(附答案)

高考英语阅读理解专项训练100篇 (名师传授解题技巧+实战练习，值得下载) 一、阅读理解解题技巧 阅读理解题是考查学生对活的语言材料的理解能力，即通过阅读材料获得信息的能力。具体说来，阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是：（1）掌握所读材料的主旨大意，以及用以说明主旨大意的事实和细节；（2）既理解具体事实，也理解抽象的概念；（3）既理解字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等；（4）既理解某句、某段的意义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并能根据文章进行推理和判断；（5）既能根据材料所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。根据这几项能力测试的要求，试题中常采用如下几种题型：事实询问题、推理判断题、数据推算题、识图解意题和主旨大意题。根据这一测试要求和题型设计，答题时可以采取如下解题技巧和对策。 1．首先解题时要充满自信。由于平时有些同学对做阅读理解时存在一种畏惧心理，因此考试做题时心理就难免会产生紧张感，特别是阅读时再遇到几个生词就头脑发胀，从而使自己的思路更加模糊不清。其实这是完全没有必要的，因为阅读中遇到几个生词或几个难以理解的句子是常有的事，也是正常现象。因为按大纲要求，试卷中允许有不超过3%的生词，只要认真分析，仔细阅读，这些生词和句子很可能并不影响你的解题。所以答题之前首先要有必胜的信心。 2．扫读全文，理解全文主旨大意。拿到一篇文章，首先要快速扫读全文，虽为扫读，但不可漫不经心，阅读时也应聚精会神，力求可能多地获取材料信息，只是这次遇到生词和难句先不必去处理，不要因纠缠文中的个别生词和难句而影响了对全文的主旨大意的了解。

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