现在完成时和过去完成时的讲解打印版

现在完成时的讲解和练习

一．基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词(done)

二．句型：

否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.

一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.

简略答语: Yes, 主语+ have/has.(肯定) No, 主语+ haven't/hasn't.(否定)

三．用法

（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果

1.I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)

2.Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含义：郭子君现在在这儿)

3.My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿) （2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.

①for+时段

②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）

③since+时段+ago

④since+从句（过去时）

⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）

Mary has been ill for three days.

I have lived here since 1998.

四．has gone (to), has been (to), has been (in) 的区别

Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)

Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai.

Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方）

My father has been to Shanghai.

Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）

My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.

五．现在完成时的标志

1.现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:

(1.) 以already, just和yet为标志

He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。

He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。

He hasn't come back yet.他还没有回来。

(2.) 以ever和never为标志

This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。

He has never been to Beijing.他从没有到过北京。

(3. )以动作发生的次数为标志

He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。

(4.)以so far（到目前为止），before, up to now, in/during the past/last＋表示一段时间的词语为标志，

He has got to Beijing so far.到目前为止他已到了北京。

She has passed the exam before.她之前通过了考试

He hasn't talked with me in the past/three days.

2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。

①for+时间段②since+过去一个时间点（过去从句）为标志

注意：1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如yesterday,last week, three years ago 等; 2)不能与when连用 2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用六．过去分词

1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：

(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited

(2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。live---lived---lived ,

(3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将"y" 变为"i" ，再加“ ed ”。

study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried

(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。

stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped

2 、不规则动词：

现在完成时练习(一)

A)选用have, has填空:

1.I _______ told him the news.

2.She ________ come back from school.

3.You ________ won the game.

B)按要求改写下列各句:

4.They have bought a computer. (改成否定句)

5.He has lost his book. (先改成一般疑问句,再作肯定与否定回答)

C) 单项选择

6. -Where have you _____, Kate? -I've ______ to the bank.

A. gone, gone

B. been, been

C. gone, been

D. been, gone

7. Her grandfather ______ for two years.

A. died

B. has died

C. has been dead

D. has been died

8. It's six weeks ______ I met you last.

A. when

B. since

C. before

D. for

现在完成时练习（二）

一、单项选择。

1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him .

A. knew

B. have known

C. must know D .will know

2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ? A. already B .never C.ever D. still

3、Have you met Mr Li ______？A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago

4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two years .

A. is writing

B.was writing

C.wrote

D.has written

5、—Our country ______ a lot so far . —Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .

A. has changed ; well

B. changed ; good

C. has changed ; better

D. changed ; better

6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .

A. was ; studying

B. will ; study

C. has ; studied

D. are ; studying

7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .

A. know

B. had known

C. have known

D. knew

8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .

A. will see

B. have seen

C. saw

D.see

9、—These farmers have been to the United States . —Really ? When _____ there ?

A. will they go

B. did they go

C. do they go

D. have they gone

10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ? —Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .

A. Did ; do ; finished

B. Have ; done ; finished

C. Have ; done ; have finished

D. will ; do ; finish

11、His father ______ the Party since 1978 .

A. joined

B. has joined

C. was in

D. has been in

12、—Do you know him well ?— Sure .We ________friends since ten years ago .

A. were

B. have been

C. have become

D. have made

13、—How long have you ____ here ? —About two months .

A. been

B. gone

C. come

D. arrived

14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .

A. has begun

B. had begun

C. has been on

D. began

15、It _____ ten years since he left the army . A. is B. has C. will D. was

16、Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .

A.has gone

B. went

C.will go

D. has been

17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .

A. have been in

B. have been to

C. have gone to

D. have been

18、His uncle____for more than 9 years.

A. has come here

B. has started to work

C. has lived there

D. has left the university

三、汉译英。

1、吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。

2、他昨天收到一封信。

3、我父亲以前到过长城。

4、她还没有看过那部新电影。

5、她去过上海。

6、他这些天上哪儿去了？

四．用所给动词的适当形式填空

1. I____ already ____ (see) the film. I ___ (see) it last week.

2. ___ he ____(finish) his work today ? Not yet .

3. ___ you ____(be) to Hong Kong ? Yes, I _____ (be) there twice .

4. He _______ just ______ (finish) his homework.

5. _______ the young woman ever _______(travel) to England?

6. _______ each of you _______(read) “Gone with the wind” yet?

7. Have you _______(get) any new CDs?

8. My family have never _______ (be) to Sanya.

9. They _______ ever _______ (eat) fish and chips.

10. I _______ just _______ (lose) my science book.

11. Has Tom _______ (finish) his work?

12. I have already _______ (read) this book.

13. She hasn't _______(return) her book yet.

14. _________ you ever ____(eat ) chocolate sundaes ? No, never.

15. My father ____ just ____ (come) back from work. He is tired now.

16. Where’s Li Ming ? He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office.

17. I _______________ (work) here since I ______________ (move) here in 1999.

18. So far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here.

19. How long ________ the Wangs ______________(stay) here ? For two weeks.

20. I ____ just ___________ (finish) my homework.

21. ____ you ____________ (find) your science book yet?

过去完成时专项练习

定义：过去完成时是表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作、事情。它表

示的是发生在“过去的过去”的动作，只有在和过去某个时间或动作相比较的时候才会使用过去完成时。

构成：过去完成时的构成: had +.(过去分词)

用法：

1、与by, before, by the end of引导的表示过去的时间状语连用。

例如：by then, by\ before nine o’clock yesterday, by the end of last year, by the age of twenty, by the time I arrived …

2、在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。

例如：When I returned home, my guest had already left.

I did not see the film because I had seen it before.

3、常用于told, said, knew, heard, thought, ask等动词后的宾语从句。例如：

She said (that) she had never been to Paris.

He asked what I had said.

现在完成时和过去完成时的区别：

现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果, 过去完成时强调对过去的影响或结果。

练习：

1. 单项选择

1．He asked me _____ during the summer holidays.

A. where I had been

B. where I had gone

C. where had I been

D. where had I gone

2. What ____ Jane ____ by the time he was sever?

A. did, do

B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done

3. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten。

A. learned

B. was learning

C. had learned

D. learnt

4. She ______lived here for ______ years.

A. had, a few

B. has, several

C. had, a lot of

D. has, a great deal of

5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _____ the dinner already.

A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked

6. She said she __________ the principle already

A .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen

7. She said her family _______ themselves ______ the army during the war.

A. has hidden, from

B. had hidden, from

C. has hidden, with

D. had hidden, with

8. By the time he was ten years old, he _________.

A.has completed university

B. has completed the university

B.had completed an university D. had completed university

9. She had written a number of books ______ the end of last year.

A. for

B. in

C. by

D. at

10. He _____ to play ____ before he was 11 years old.

A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano

C. has learned, the piano

D. learns ,piano.

11. What _______ Annie ____ by the time he was ten?

A. did, do

B. did, did

C. has, done

D. had done

12 .He ___ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army.

A. has worked

B. works

C. had worked

D. will work

13. By the end of last week, they ____ the bridge.

A. has completed

B. completed

C. will complete

D. had completed

14. By the time he was 4, he ______ a lot of German words.

A. had learned

B. has learned

C. learned

D. learns

15.They _________ in Guangzhou since 2000.

A. lived

B. had lived

C. have lived

D. were living

16. The train from Beijing_______ ten minutes ago.

A. has arrived

B. was arriving

C. arrived

D. had arrived

17. Fergie_______ the project in one hour.

A. have finished

B. will finish

C. finishes

D. has finished

2.用动词的适当形式填空

1. We _____________ (paint) the house before we ______________ (move) in.

2. That rich old man _____________ (make) a will before he _____________ (die).

3. They _____________ (study) the map of the country before they ________ (leave).

4. The robbers _____________ (run away ) before the policemen _______ (arrive).

5. I __________ (turn off) all the lights before I ____________ (go) to bed.

6. Paul __________ (go) out with Jane after he __________ (make) a phone call.

7. Tom __________ (say) he ___________ (read) the book twice.

11.When I ______________(arrive) at the station, he ____________________(leave).

12. We _______________(learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term.

13. I waited until he _______________(finish) his homework.

14. We were surprised at what she ________already ______(do)

15.She ____________(not go) to Qingdao because she ________________ (go) there before.

16. He ______________(not tell) you the news yet.

17. He said he _____________already_________(give) the book to the teacher.

18. I ______________(be) to Shanghai before.

19. She told me she _________________(be) to Sanya three times.

20. 1 When I returned home, he _____ (leave).

21. By ten yesterday evening, she ________(finish)writing.

22. He ______ (study) English for five years before he came here.

23. It ____ (stop) raining when I wake up this morning.

24. I _____ (not read) the book because I had read it before.

25. When I got to his home, he_____(go) to bed.

26. She asked if Mr. Liu _____ already _____(come) back.

英语过去完成时练习全集及解析

英语过去完成时练习全集及解析 一、初中英语过去完成时 1．She said when she got to the cinema, the film ________ for 5 minutes. A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. had been on 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：她说当她到达电影院的时候，电影已经开始五分钟了。根据got 可知，电影开始五分钟属于在过去某时间前已经存在的状态，应该用过去完成时，所以排 除A和C。开始begin，电影已经开始了五分钟是存在的状态，要用延续性的动词，所以要 将瞬间动词begin改为be on，故选D。 【点评】此题考查动词的时态问题以及瞬间动词和延续性动词的区别。 2．Simon ________ the piano for ages when he gave his first concert. A. has played B. is playing C. had played D. will play 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：西蒙举行第一次音乐会时，他已经弹了很多年钢琴了。根据时间 状语when he gave his first concert.可知此处用过去的时态，表示先弹钢琴弹了很多年，然 后开了音乐会，表示过去的过去，应该用过去完成时：had+动词的过去分词，故答案为C。 【点评】考查过去完成时。掌握过去完成时的意义（过去的过去）和构成：had+动词的过去分词。 3．By the time I finished my homework，my mother ． A. slept B. has been asleep C. was asleep D. had been asleep 【答案】 D 可知此处应为过去完成时，故选 D. 和“ finished” 【解析】【分析】由上文“By the time ” 【点评】考查过去完成时。 4．By the end of 2012, many buildings built in our city. A. have been B. have C. had been D. will 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：到2012年底，我们的城市里已经建成了很多大楼。Buildings是build这一动作的承受者，该用被动语态。而被动语态是由“be + 及物动词的过去分词”构成。根据By the end of 2012可知该用过去完成时，所以选C。

(完整版)英语lie,lie,lay精讲与详细解析,附题目和题目详解

巧记初中英语单词lie lay及专题突破 lie lay (位于.躺.放.产卵.撒谎)的过去式及过去分词 lie 详细用法>> 英[la?] v. 躺;坐落在;处于…状态;说谎 n. 谎言;谎话;状态;位置 [例句] That's a lie! 你说谎！ ? lie躺，平放，位于(vi.) 一个人躺着总得翻身换姿势所以有各种词形变化。。。 (一个人累了就想躺着,所以过去是累呀,n个累.lay-lain) lie说谎(vi.) 撒谎一般不露声色所以不变。。。。 (撒个谎就过去了的,所以最简单,过去式及分词一样laid) Lay 放(vt.)，下蛋(vi.&vt.) 下蛋本身就是累过去挺累的，到现在只是累. 然后就懒了（laid）根据汉语拼音自己找感觉哈哈希望有所帮助. 专项习题集 lie位于，躺-lay-lain; lie说谎-lied -lied; lay 放置，产卵lay-laid-laid。 1．The old man ________ on the road. Luckily, he was not badly____ A．lay, hurt B．lied, hurted C．has lain, hurt D．way lying, hurted 参考答案: A

2. The little girl who ________on the bed ________to her mother that the old hen had ________two eggs. A. lay; lay; lied B. lied; lied; lied https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5f13013941.html,id; laid; laid D. lay; lied; laid 参考答案: D 3. He asked me to _______ the table while he himself _______ in bed. A. lay; lied B. lay; lay C. lied; laid D. lay; laid 参考答案:B 4. He found the egg ________ that morning ________ on the floor. 无答案 A. lay; laid B. laid; laid C. lied; laid D. lied; lay 5. ------Why are you so angry ? -------My son _________to me that he __________ the money on the desk, but in fact he spent it on ice-cream. A. lied, lay B. lied, laid C. lay, laid D. laid, lay 参考答案:B 6The woman ____ her baby on its back on the bed. A.lied https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5f13013941.html,y https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5f13013941.html,id https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5f13013941.html,in 参考答案: C 7The little girl ____ on the ground ____ that she had ____ all the toysswheresthey were. A lying,lied,laid B.lying,lied,lain C laying, lay,laid https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5f13013941.html,ying,lay,lain 参考答案: A 8. Did you find a old woman on the ground when the door was broken open? A. dead; lay B. dying; lied C. dead; lied D. dying; lying 参考答案:D 9. “ I _____awake (醒着) all night thinking of you,” he ____to her. A. lied, lay B. lay, lay C. lied, lied D. lay, lied 参考答案: D

过去完成时用法详解

过去完成时用法小结 一、过去完成时适用场合 1. 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。这个过去的时间常用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示，也可以暗含在上下文中。 I had finished my homework before supper.我在晚饭前就把作业做完了。 The play had already started when we got to the theatre. 我们到剧场时戏已经开始了。 By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients. 到六月底他们已经治疗了一万多病人。 2. 过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或还要持续下去，常与for，since等词连用。如： He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last year. 他在部队干了十年，去年退役了。 He told me that he had known her since he was a child. 他告诉我他从小就认识她。 He had learned English for eight years before he went to England for further study. 他在去英国深造前，已学了八年英语。 3. 在一段情景连贯的文字中，先发生的事放在后面叙述时，要用过去完成时。如： Tom flew home, but his father had already died. 汤姆乘飞机回家，他的父亲却已经去世了。 4. 过去完成时也用于hardly...when...（刚…就…）, no sooner...than... （刚…就…）, It was the first time + that分句等一些固定句型中。

过去完成时用法详解

过去完成时用法小结一、过去完成时适用场合 1. 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。这个过去的时间常用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示，也可以暗含在上下文中。 I had fini shed my homework before suppe我在晚饭前就把作业做完了。 The play had already started whe n we got to the theat 我们至U剧场时戏已经开始了。 By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients 六月底他们已经治疗了一万多病人。 2. 过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续至过去某个时间或还要 持续下去，常与for, si nee等词连用。如： He had served in the army for ten yeabefore he retired last year.他在部队干了十年，去年退役了。 He told me that he had known hes in eehe was a child.他告诉我他从小就认识她。 He had learned English for eight yearbsefore he went to England for further study. 他在去英国深造前，已学了八年英语。 3. 在一段情景连贯的文字中，先发生的事放在后面叙述时，要用过去完成时。如： Tom flew home, but his father had already died汤姆乘飞机回家，他的父亲却已经去世了。

初中英语时态讲解(完整版)

英语时态讲解 1. 一般现在时的应用 (1) 表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态。常用频度副sometimes, often, always, usually, seldom 以及时间副词 every day / night / week / month / year, in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at night 做状语。如： He often stays up late. 他常熬夜。 We go home every month. 我们每月都要回家。 I watch TV at night. 我晚上看电视。 (2) 表示客观真理或永恒的状态。如： The earth travels round the sun. 地球绕太阳旋转。 Trees turn green in spring. 春天树木变绿。 Liquid turns into gas when it is hot enough. 足够热时，液体变为气体。 Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 (3) 现阶段的状态。常跟时间副词now连用。如： He lives in Beijing now. 他现在住在北京。 She is at home. 她在家。 They work in that factory. 他们在那家工厂工作。 (4) 习惯性的爱好或行为。如： I like dancing while she likes singing. 我喜欢跳舞，而她喜欢唱歌。 We get up at six. 我们六点起床。 He studies very hard. 他学习很刻苦。 (5) 表示已经计划、安排好了或时间表上所安排，并且一定要做的事情。用于这种句型的动词主要是瞬间动词：come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stop, close, open等。如： The train arrives at five past eight and leaves at ten past eight. 火车八点过五分到，八点过十分

高中语法过去完成时详解讲解学习

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