Unit 7 The Art of Smart Guessing翻译

Unit 7 The Art of Smart Guessing

Bryan W. Mattimore

1. Several years ago, interviewing candidates for a job, I grew tired of asking "what experience do you have?" So I decided on a one-question quiz to find out how resourceful a thinker the new hire might be. Here it is:

2. You are on a yacht sailing the Pacific Ocean. Your navigator announces you are over the deepest point, the Mariana Trench. Just then, a clumsy guest accidentally drops a 12-pound cannonball over the side. How long will it take for the cannonball to reach the bottom of the Ocean?

3. Before reading on, please try to solve this yourself — paying special attention to how you might solve it.

4. Did you make a completely wild guess because "there wasn't enough information"? Did you get too bogged down in the details trying to come up with the "exactly right" answer? Or did you zero in on the two most important problems — how deep is the Mariana Trench and how fast might a cannonball fall through the water — then hazard a guesstimate?

5. Most of my candidates simply made a wild guess, thinking that they couldn't be 100-percent right. Rarely was someone willing to risk an approximation.

6. What does this have to do with business or creativity? A great deal. In the real world, we frequently need to make decisions when the full information does not exist. From what foods we eat to how to raise our kids, creative people must think for themselves. There may not be the time or the money to make sure of all your decisions. Your best guess will often be the best you can do.

7. Suppose, for example, you've been asked to write a marketing plan for a new telephone device that will send your name, company, address and telephone number to a visual display or printer on another person's phone. In addition to conventional outlets like mass merchandisers and electronics stores, you'd like to know the number of "phone stores" in the United States. Unfortunately, this figure is not available, either from the market-research houses or from the U.S. government. What do you do?

8. One solution would be to go to your local library, pull out a few phone directories from around the country, turn to the Yellow Pages and start counting. You could then guesstimate how many stores per 100,000 people in each of the cities you counted. This, by the way, is exactly what a marketing consultant I know did for a large telecommunications client.

9. The question about phone stores was an example of what scientists call a Fermi problem, named after Nobel Prize-winning scientist Enrico Fermi, who used problems such as this to teach

his students how to think for themselves. A Fermi problem does not contain all the information you need to solve it precisely.

10. Fermi is said to have once asked his university students how many piano tuners there were in Chicago. To answer the question, he recommended breaking it down into smaller, more manageable questions, and then having the courage to make some guesses and assumptions. How many people live in Chicago? Three million would be a reasonable estimate. How many people per family? Assume an average of four. How many families own pianos? Say one out of three. Then there were about 250,000 pianos in Chicago. How often would each be tuned? Maybe once every five years. That makes 50,000 tunings a year. How many pianos can one tuner tune in a day? Four? And how many in a year? Assuming 250 working days, one tuner can handle 1,000 pianos a year.

11. So there's work for approximately 50 piano tuners in Chicago —which, as it turns out, is reasonably close to the actual number in the Yellow Pages.

12. Why was guesswork so accurate? The law of averages is partly responsible. At any point, your assumptions may be too high or too low. But because of the law of averages, your mistakes will frequently balance out.

13. Here's another puzzle. You probably already know that black absorbs the most heat, while white reflects the most. But what about the other colors in between? How could you find the answer? Hint: it's wintertime, but not too cold.

14. Ben Franklin's solution was elegant. He simply laid broadcloth samples of various colors on the snow on a sunny morning. "In a few hours," he reported, "the black, being warmed most by the sun, was sunk so low as to be below the stroke of the sun's rays; the dark blue, almost as low; the lighter blue not quite so much as the dark; the other colors, less as they were lighter, and the quite white remained on the surface of the snow, not having entered it at all."

15. One of my favorite "guesstimators" is, west Connecticut inventor Stan Mason, who developed microwave cookware specially designed to position food in the best spot for cooking.

16. To do this, Mason needed to know where the microwave's "hot spots" were —the place where the rays hit the food with the highest intensity. To find out, he put shelves of unpopped popcorn kernels in the microwave and watched to see which kernels popped first. He discovered a pattern in the oven's hottest rays: they weren't in the corners or at the center, but in the shape of a mushroom cloud.

17. Then he designed cooking dishes to fit the pattern. He had come up with a resourceful way to approximate the answer rather than using scientifically sophisticated testing equipment.

18. Fermi would have approved.

19. By the way, the Mariana Trench is about six nautical miles deep, and a cannonball drops at a rate of ten feet per second. So it took the cannonball about an hour to reach the bottom of the trench.

20. Could this be guessed? If you know that Earth's highest point Mount Qomolangma, is 29,000 feet, you might reasonably conclude that its lowest point would be close to the same distance. Then you might imagine that a heavy object would take one second to fall through the water of a 10-foot-deep swimming pool. These estimates would bring you close enough to the correct answer.

Chinese Translation of Paragraphs

1. 几年前，我给应聘者面试，问他们“你有什么经验？”这个问题，后来逐渐问烦了。于是，我决定做一项单个问题的测试，从而了解这位新人是不是个善于解决问题的思考者。问题如下：

2. 您乘坐一艘游艇，横渡太平洋。驾驶员告诉您，游艇到了马里亚纳海沟最深的位置。此时，有个笨手笨脚的客人不小心把一个重达12磅的炮弹掉进海里。炮弹沉到海底要多久？

3. 在您往下读之前，请先来回答这个问题——要特别注意解题方法。

4. 您是不是因为“信息不够”就完全瞎猜呢？您是不是过于拘泥于细节，而没能得到“绝对正确”的答案？或者说，您是不是先全神贯注在两个最重要的问题上——马里亚纳海沟有多深？炮弹在水里下沉的速度有多快？——然后才敢做出估计？

5. 大多数的面试者就是胡乱瞎猜，心想反正不可能百分之百地准确。很少有人愿意冒险做个估算。

6. 这与业务或创造性有什么关系吗？关系大着呢。在现实世界里，我们经常在没有充分信息时，需要做出决定。从吃什么到怎样养育孩子，有创意的人必须自己来思考。想要十拿九稳地做出决定，您也许既没有时间也没有金钱。做出最佳的猜测常常是您最佳的选择。

7. 譬如说，假设需要您为一种新的电话设备撰写一份销售计划，这个设备可以将您的姓名、公司、地址和电话号码发送到其他人的电话上，既可视频显示又能打印。除了像大众供货商和电子商店这些传统销售渠道，您得了解美国究竟有多少家“电话商店”。遗憾的是，无论从市场研究部门还是从美国政府的官方数据，都查不到这个数字。那您怎么办？

8. 有一个方法，那就是您到当地的图书馆去，取出全国各地的几本电话号码簿，翻到黄页，然后开始数数。那么，您可以猜出在数过的每个城市里，每十万人有几家电话商店。顺便说一句，我认识的一位营销顾问为一家大型长途通讯客户正是这么做的。

9. 这个关于电话商店的问题是科学家们称之为费米问题的例子。这是以诺贝尔奖获得者恩里科·费米命名的，他用类似的问题教授学生独立思考的方法。费米问题并不包括您所需要准确解决问题的所有信息。

10. 据说，有一次费米问自己的大学生芝加哥有多少个钢琴调音师。要回答这个问题，他提议将问题分解成比较小的、比较容易处理的问题，然后鼓足勇气做些猜测和设想。芝加哥有多少居民？三百万是个合理的估计。每家有几口人？假设平均四个人。有多少人家有钢琴？比如说三家里有一家。那么，芝加哥大约有250,000架钢琴。每架钢琴多久调一次音？或许五年一次。那就一年调50,000次音。一个调音师一天可以调几架钢琴？四架？一年几架？假设有250个工作日，一个调音师一年可以调1,000架钢琴。

11. 因此，芝加哥有大约50名钢琴调音师的工作岗位——果然，这与黄页上的确切数字大致相当。

12. 猜测的结果为什么那么的精确？这与平均律有关系。在某一点上，您的假设也许太高或太低。但是由于平均律的原因，您的差错常会被抵消。

13. 这儿还有一道智力题。很可能您已经知道，黑颜色吸收的热量最多，白颜色反射的热量最多。但是，两者之间的其他颜色怎么样呢？您怎么找到答案呢？提示：在冬天，不太寒冷的时候。

14. 本·富兰克林的解答简明扼要。在一个阳光明媚的上午，他在雪地上铺上各种颜色的平布。“几个小时以后，”他汇报道，“这块黑色的，接受的阳光最多，下沉到阳光晒不到的地方；深蓝色的，几乎低到同样的位置；浅蓝色的到不了深蓝色的位置；其他颜色的，颜色越浅，下沉得越少，而这比较白的还在雪地的表面，根本就没有下沉。”

15. 我最喜爱的猜测者是发明家斯坦·梅森。他发明了微波餐具，为将食品放在烹调最佳的位置上而专门设计的。

16. 要做到这一点，梅森需要知道微波“热点”的位置——就是微波光线以最高强度集中到食品上的地方。为了找到答案，他把没有爆的玉米粒一层层地放在微波炉中，观察哪些玉米先爆。他发现了微波炉最热的微波光线的分布：不是在角落上，也不是在中央，而是呈蘑菇云的形状。

17.于是，他就设计了符合这个分布的烹调盘子。他很聪明地凭借近似的方法获得了答案，

而不是用复杂的科学实验设备算出来的。

18.费米完全会赞同的。

19.顺便说一句，马里亚纳海沟大约深6海里，炮弹每秒钟下降10英尺。因此，炮弹沉到

沟底需一个小时左右。

20.这个猜得出来吗？如果您知道地球的最高点珠穆朗玛峰是29,000英尺，您也许会合理

地得出结论：最低点大约也是这个距离。然后，您可以想象，一个重物需要1秒钟掉到10英尺深游泳池的底部。这样估计的话，您将得到接近正确的答案。

高级英语三杯茶课后翻译答案

Lesson 8 Three Cups of Tea (Excerpts) Translation 1. 当他被人从河里救出来时，几乎半死不活了。 2. 在我上一次访问这个村子时，那里还没有学校。现在一所小学已经屹立在山顶上。 3. 他恢复了知觉，睁开眼睛，想努力搞清楚发生了什么事，为什么他躺在那里。 4. 展览会上最吸引观众的是新奇的电子产品。 5. 温室里的许多奇花异草引起大家争先拍照。 6. 这位作家出生于一个大家庭，他的家谱可以追溯到十五代以前。 7. 当地少数民族在杀牲口前，先要举行一番宗教仪式，请求上苍允许他们杀生。 8. 村民们贫穷的事实并非说明他们就愚昧无知。 9. 志愿者们的共同努力使得项目开展起来了。 10. 登山者感到头晕，几乎站立不住，一是由于过度疲劳，也是因为太饥饿了。 参考译文 1. When he was saved from the river, he was more dead than alive. 2. On my previous visit, there was no school, but now one stands on the mountain. 3. As he came to himself, he opened his eyes, trying to figure out waht had happened and why he was lying there. 4. At the exhibition there were many novel electronic products that attracted the attention of visitors. 5. People were keen on taking pictures of the many exotic flowers and plants in the greenhouse. 6. This writer came from a large, prominent family whose genealogy streches back fifteen generations. 7. Before killing an animal, the indigenous ethnic people usually hold rituals to request permission from their God. 8. The fact that the villagers are poor doesn’t mean they are ignorant or stupid. 9. The volunteers made concerted efforts and got the project off the ground. 10. The climber felt so dizzy that he could hardly stand up, as much from over exhaustion as from starvation. 1.他把网上的流传当成一个笑话，不予理睬。（dismiss as） He dismissed the story circulating on the Internet as a joke. 2.马克?吐温的《竞选州长》是一篇着名的短篇故事。(run for) Mark Twain’s “Running for Governor” is a famous short story. 3.对于遭受灾难的人们，我们应该毫无保留地帮助他们。(reach out to) We should reach out to those who suffer from disasters without reservation. 4.考虑到他们没有经验，他们的工作成绩还是相当不错的。(given) Given their lack of experience, their work should be considered as quite good. 5.她是在华裔人占主导地位的社区里长大的。(predominantly) She grew up in a community where the inhabitants were predominantly of Chinese origin. 6.心情不好不能成为你对同事粗暴的理由。(justify) Being in a bad mood cannot justify your rude attitude toward your colleagues 7.警方把这件事视作“误解”而草草了事。(dismiss...as) The police dismissed the incident as a case of misunderstanding.

综英第六册课后翻译参考答案

综英第六册课后翻译参考答案 Unit 1 1.这项计划为智力迟钝者提供长期的照顾。 The program offers long-term care for the mentally retarded. 2.他有一台又粗笨有庞大的旧电脑，速度慢，使用麻烦。 He’s got a cumbersome, bulky, old computer—it’s slow and complicated to use. 3. 他沿着房间后部慢慢移动，尽量不引起别人注意。 He tried not to look conspicuous and moved slowly along the back of the room. 4. 安装一个不同的计算机系统将会导致巨大的变化。 It would cause a tremendous upheaval to install a different computer system. 5. 她再次与金牌失之交臂。 The gold medal continues to elude her. 6. 你真是个傻瓜，竟然没抓住这么好的机会。 You’d be a fool not to embrace an opportunity as good as that. 7.她的薪水将猛增10%。 Her salary will go up by a hefty 10%.

8.我草草的留了张纸条给希拉里，塞在门缝底下。 I scrawled a quick note to Hilary and put it under her door. 9.她的办公室视野极佳。 There’s a smashing view from her office. 10 去那儿旅行很愉快，只是旅馆有些脏兮兮的。 The trip out there was swell, but the hotel was a bit crummy. Unit 2 1.这家公司是由几名有事业心的年轻人创立的。 The company was started by a couple of enterprising young men. 2.他是前重量级冠军，预计会轻松地拿下这场拳击赛。 He’s a former heavyweight champion and is expected to win the bout easily. 3.为写此书，投入了许多小时一丝不苟的前期准备。 Many hours of meticulous preparation have gone into writing the book. 4.她从头到脚穿一身黑。 She was attired from head to foot in black. 5.我节衣缩食整整一年，为的是攒我们去度假的钱。

英语翻译答案

汉译英 1.广场舞是社区中老年居民以健身、社交等为目的在广场、公园等开敞的地方进行的健身操或舞蹈，通常以高分贝的音乐伴奏。广场舞在中国大陆无论南北皆十分普遍。对于广场舞的确切认识，社会学界及体育界目前均未达成共识。广场舞的高分贝音乐常常造成噪音滋扰，因此许多居民反对在小区中跳广场舞。 The square dancing is a bodybuilding exercise or dance performed in wide and open places such as squares and parks among the middle-aged and old residents in communities, with the purpose of bodybuilding, socializing and so on, generally accompanied with high-pitched music. The square dancing is very popular all over mainland China, whether in the north or in the south. Neither the sociological circle nor the sports circle has currently reached a consensus on the exact perception of the square dancing. The high-pitched music of the square dancing often causes noisy disruption, and therefore many residents are opposed to the square dancing in communities. 2.故宫，又称紫禁城，是明、清两代的皇宫，二十四位皇帝在此生活起居和处理政务。它是世界现存最大、最完整的木质结构的古建筑群(architectural complex)。宫殿墙壁的色调以红色和黄色为主,红色代表快乐、好运和财富，而黄色代表帝王的神圣和尊贵。近十几年来，故宫平均每年接待中外游客600-800万人次，随着旅游业的繁荣，游客人数有增无减，可见人们对故宫的兴趣长盛不衰。 The Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City, was the palace in Ming and Qing Dynasties where 24 emperors lived and handled government affairs. It is the largest and most complete existing ancient wooden architectural complex in the world. The palace wall was painted mainly in red and yellow. Red represents happiness, luck and fortune while yellow symbolizes imperial holiness and dignity. In recent decades, the Imperial Palace is visited annually by six to eight million tourists at home and abroad. Moreover, with flourishing tourism industry, the number of tourists keeps increasing. It shows people’s everlasting and unfading interest in the Imperial Palace. 3.《新闻联播》是中国中央电视台（CCTV）每日播出的一个新闻节目。节目每次播出时长一般为30分钟。它被中国大陆大多数地方频道同时转播，这使得它成为世界上收看人数最多的节目之一。自从1978年1月1日首次播出以来，它就以客观、生动、丰富的纪实手段记录着中华大地每一天的变化。作为中国官方新闻资讯类节目，《新闻联播》以沉稳、庄重的风格著称。 Xinwen Lianbo is a news program broadcast by China Central Television (CCTV) every day. It generally takes 30 minutes every time to broadcast the program. It is relayed simultaneously by most local television channels in the mainland of China, which makes it one of the world’s most-watched programs. Since it was first broadcast on January 1st, 1978, it has been recording the changes of every day throughout China by documentary means that is objective, vivid and rich. As the Chinese official news information program, Xinwen Lianbo is well-known for its

高英课本课后翻译答案

这是我整理的，希望对大家有用。蓝色部分是重点词汇。 第一课 1、一条蜿蜒的小路隐没在树荫深处。 A winding path loses itself in the shadowy distance of the woods. 2、集市上有许多小摊子，出售的货物应有尽有。 At the bazaar, there are many stalls where goods of every conceivable kind are sold. 3、我真不知道到底是什么事让他如此生气。 I really don’t know what it is that has made him so angry. 4、新出土的铜花瓶造型优美，可有精细、复杂的传统图案。 The newly unearthed bronze vase is pleasing in form and engraved with delicate and intricate traditional designs. … 5、在山的那一边是一望无际的大草原。 Beyond the mountains there is a vast grassland that extends as far as the eye can see. 6、他们决定买那座带有汽车房的房子。 They decided to buy that house with a garage attached. 7、教师们坚持对学生严格要求。 The teachers make a point of be ing strict with the students. 8、这个小女孩很喜欢她的父亲。 The girl is very much attached to her father. 9、为了实现四个现代化，我们认为有必要学习国外的先进科学技术。 To achieve the four modernization, we make a point of learn ing from the advanced science and technology of other countries. | 10、黄昏临近时，天渐渐暗下来了。 As dusk fell, daylight faded away. 11徒工仔细地观察他的师傅，然后照着干。 The apprentice watched his master carefully and then followed suit. 12、吃完饭弗兰克常常帮助洗餐具。 Frank often took a hand in the washing-up after dinner.

四六级翻译30个常用句型

1)It is+形容词+that It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life. 可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演着一个重要的角色。 2)It is+形容词+to do/ doing She had said what it was necessary to say. 她已经说了一切有必要说的话。 3)祈使句/名词+and/ or Work hard, and you will finally be able to reach your destination. 努力工作，你就能实现自己的目标。 4)as+many/ much+名词+as It is said that visitors spend only half as much money in a day in Leeds as in Lon-don. 据说，游客每天在利兹的花销仅为在伦敦的一半。 5)倍数词+as+形容词+as The reservoir is three times as big as it was ten years ago. 这个水库的面积是十年前三倍。 6) 倍数词+ more +名词/形容词十than Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills seven times more people each year than automobile accidents. 吸烟对人体健康的危害极大，每年死于吸烟的人比死于车祸的人多七倍。 7)(not)as/ so...as(和……(不)一样)

综英3课后翻译答案说课讲解

综英3课后翻译答案

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汉译英答案3

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