uint 4 new words

Unit 4 The American Dream

Words & Expressions

turn away:refuse to help (sb.) or allow (sb.) to enter a place

- 他拒绝了所有的应征者。(He turned all the applicants away.)

- He turned away several people who didn’t have the tickets.

Collocation:

turn down 拒绝；调低

turn in 交还，上交

turn into 使变成

turn off 关；拐弯

turn out 生产，制造；证明，结果

turn over 仔细考虑

turn up 出现，来到；开大，调大

work out:plan; solve; calculate

- 他们已经设计出把宇宙飞船送上太空的方法。(They’ve worked out a method of sending a spacecraft to the space.)

- The accountant has worked out your share of the expense at 1,000 yuan. (会计已算出你的那份花费为1,000元。) Collocation:

work at 从事于，致力于

work up 引起，激起，逐渐上升

weekly:

1. adj. happening once a week or every week

- He thinks his weekly wage of 400 yuan is enough.

2. adv. once a week; every week; by the week

- 《21世纪报》每周出版一次。(21st Century is published weekly.)

3. n. a publication issued once a week

- Business Weekly《商业周刊》

- Publishers’ Weekly (美) 《出版商周刊》

- a twice weekly 半周刊

do with:

1) (used in questions with “what”) deal with

- Tell me what you did with yourself this week.

- The child didn’t know what to do with himself for excitement.

2) tolerate

- 我不能忍受他和他的无礼。(I can’t do with him and his impoliteness.)

3) (often with “could”, “can”) desire

- I could do with a cup of tea.

Collocation:

do without 没有…也行，将就

do away with 废除，去掉

do for 代替，适合…

do good (to) 对…有益

do over 重复

determination:n.the ability to continue trying to achieve what you have decided to do even when this is difficult

- He has great determination to learn English well.

personnel:n.

1) the department in a large organization that deals with employees; human resources (uncountable noun, used with a singular or plural verb).

- personnel administration 人事管理

- personnel department 人事部/处/科

- personnel director 人事部长/处长/科长

2) all the persons working in an organization, in the army, etc. (often used with a plural verb)

- The personnel of the company has been increased.

- 全体员工都允许参加晚会。(All personnel were allowed to take part in the party.)

NB:

此外注意与personal 的区别。

personal: 个人的，私人的，亲自的，秘密的

- Like their personal lives, women’s history is fragmented, interrupted. (如同她们的个人生活一样，妇女的历史是支离破碎且断断续续的。)

Translate the following into Chinese.

- a personal appearance (亲自出面)

- I have something personal to tell you. (我有私人的事要告诉你。)

capacity: n.

1) the ability to understand or do sth.

- His capacity for remembering things is interesting.

2) the ability to hold or contain sth.; the maximum amount that can be contained

- The trunk is filled to capacity.

CF: capacity, ability, capability & proficiency

这些词都可以表示“能力”的意思。

capacity 用于物时，指容纳接受的能力，如容积、容量、生产能力；用于人时，指潜在的能力，多用于才智、道德，尤指接受能力、领悟性、敏感性等。

ability 既指天赋的能力，也指培养造就而获得的本领；主要用于人，指已经表现出来的实际能力，尤指人的思维能力。capability 较多用于人，指胜任某项工作的能力、本领。

proficiency 正式用语，带有技术性，指对业务的精通和熟练。

Fill in the blanks with the words given above.

1.Her mental ability is very great.

2.The film is beyond the capacity of the children.

3.Proficiency in several foreign languages is needed for work as a traveler’s guide.

4.He has the capability of solving practical problems.

skilled: adj.

1) having skill; trained; experienced

- a skilled worker (技术熟练的工人)

2) needing skill

- skilled work (技术性工作)

CF: skilled & skillful

skilled, skillful 表示“有技术的，熟练的”时可以互换。

skilled 通常是指受过正规训练，有多年实践经验而掌握某项专门技术。

skillful 是指人聪明，做事很灵巧，尤指手的灵巧。

- He is a skilled / skillful surgeon.

- 罗斯的父亲是个熟练的机械师，因而她也很会修理自行车。(Rose’s father is a skilled mechanic so she has become skillful at repairing bicycles too.)

for sale:available to be bought 待售，供出售

- The company will put the houses for sale.

- Not for Sale. (非卖品。)

Collocation：

on sale 上市，出售；减价，贱卖

a sale on credit 赊购

on sale or return 包退包换的，无法销售可以退货的

call on:

1) visit sb. for a short time

- I’ll call on him tomorrow.

2) summon; appeal

- 他们号召全市工人支持这次罢工。(They called on the workers of the city to support the strike.)

3) invite; require

- The host of the party called on the Chairman to speak.

Collocation：

call for 邀约；要求；需要

call off 取消

call up 打电话；召集；使人想起

call in 顺路到某处；收回

loan:

1. vt. lend

- The bank loaned me some money.

- The artist loaned her pictures to the museum.

2. n.

1) sth. lent, esp. a sum of money

- The dictionary is a loan, not a gift.

- Does the loan carry any interest?

2) lending

- 我可以借你的打字机用一下吗？(May I have the loan of your typewriter?)

Collocation：

ask for the loan of请求借用…

have the loan of …借…

on loan出借的

a domestic (foreign) loan 内（外）债

a public / government loan 公债, 国库券

a loan for consumption 消费贷款

a loan on security 担保贷款

a gift (interest-free) loan 无息贷款

a long-term loan 长期贷款

a mortgage loan 抵押贷款, 抵押借款

character: n.

1)the particular collection of qualities that make sb. / sth. different from others

- He has a strong but gentle character.

- 品质的培养应是教育的重点。(Character building should be the main point of education.)

- The new buildings have changed the character of the village.

2) person in a play, movie, etc.

- I find all the characters in his new play very real.

3) letter, sign or mark used in a system of writing or printing

- a Chinese character (一个汉字)

- 汉字看起来像是一幅幅小图画。(The characters in Chinese writing look like small pictures.)

CF: character, characteristic, feature & personality

这些词都是名词，都有“性格”、“品质”、“特征”的意思。

character 指成年人已经充分发展的生活方式，而且往往与品格有关。

characteristic 指某物的任何方面，不涉及全局的重要性，但常指有代表性的一个侧面，常用于科技领域。

feature 通常指外貌的特征或特别的、附加的、有吸引力的东西。

personality 偏重指一个人表现出来的无法明确阐述的整个情绪方面的特点，不与形容词连用时表示情感上的吸引力。Fill in the blanks with the words given above and translate the sentences into Chinese.

1. An aquiline nose was her best feature. (鹰钩鼻是她最明显的特征。)

2. He can read a guy’s character at the first glance. (他一眼就可以看出一个人的品质。)

3. He has character but no personality. (他有性格但没有个性。)

4. A psychological report lists every possible characteristic of the person being studied.

(一份心理学报告列举了研究对象所有可能有的特性。)

confidence:n.the quality of being certain of one’s abilities or of trusting other people

- I took them into my confidence.

- I have every confidence in your ability to succeed.

- 我告诉你这件事是因为绝对相信你会保守秘密的。(I am telling you this in strict confidence.) send for:ask for the arrival of

- I was seriously ill and my father had to send for a doctor.

- Do you want to send for the police?

hunt: v.

1) search thoroughly (for)

- 警察在山中搜索逃犯。(The police are hunting for the escaped criminal in the mountain.)

- They were hunting the area for a new apartment.

2) go after (wild animals) for food or sport

- We often go out hunting in the holiday.

abandon:v. give up completely and forever

- The cruel father abandoned his newborn daughter.

- One of my classmates had to abandon the trip because of his father’s illnes s.

property: n.

1) land, buildings or both together

- Little property was left in the small country after the war.

2) The thing or things that sb. owns

- The factory is my uncle’s private property.

- public property 公共财产

- personal property 动产

- real property 不动产

sometime:adv. at a time that is unknown or has not yet been fixed

CF: sometime, sometimes & some time

sometime 在某时候, 曾经

sometimes 有时，不时，间或

some time 一段时间

- 我希望明年某个时候你再来。(I hope you will come again sometime next year.)

- 我有时会收到他的信。(I sometimes hear from him.)

- 我已经等了你一些时候了。(I have been waiting for you for some time.)

sponsor:

1. v. support by giving money, encouragement or other help

- The exhibition was sponsored by the Society of Culture.

- 一些大公司赞助了这次的时装表演。(Some large companies sponsored this fashion show.) 2) n. one who puts forward or guarantees a proposal

- a sponsor country 主办国

approach:

1. v. come near or nearer to

- The boys had approached the tunnel when they played the game.

- 性能近乎完美。(The performance approaches perfection.)

- The young teacher is easy to approach and all the students like to answer her questions.

2. n. way

- 每个人的学习方法都不一样。(Everyone has his own approach to study.)

pass away:die

- He passed away peacefully.

Collocation:

pass by 不注意，忽视

pass down 使传下来

pass over 对…不加考虑

pass out 失去知觉，昏倒

pass off 终止，停止

handle:

1. v.

1) manage; control

- How to handle the contradiction correctly among the people is important to steady development. (正确处理人们内部的矛盾对稳定发展很重要。)

2) touch, lift, or hold with the hands

- Wash your hands before you handle the white paper.

2. n. a part that is designed to be held or operated with the hand

- The handle is not well fixed.

above all: most important of all

- He was concerned above all with the truth of the accident.

Collocation：

after all 毕竟, 终究, 归根结底

at all 完全, 全然

first of all 首先

in all 总计；总的说来

all but 几乎, 差一点；除…外全部

all in all 总之

balance:

1. n.

1) the difference between the credit and the debit side; a remainder

- a bank balance (银行余额)

- 剩下来的工资全用来购买花卉栽培的新书上了。(The balance of the wages was devoted to new books on flower culture.) - You may keep the balance.

2) a weighing device

- The balance is an apparatus for weighing, not for you to play.

3) a state of equilibrium

- 孩子骑在他的新自行车上用双腿保持平衡。(The child could keep his balance with his

legs on his new bicycle.)

2. v.

1)keep or put sth. in a steady position

- I’m trying to balance on the ball on one foot in order to win the prize.

2) show equal totals of debits and credits

- My accounts balance for the first time this year!