国际标准音标及发音规则

国际标准音标及发音规

则

文档编制序号：[KK8UY-LL9IO69-TTO6M3-MTOL89-FTT688]

48个国际音标表

元音

长元音/ɑ:/ /?:/ /??:/ /i:/ /U:/

短元音/?? / / e / / ? / /Λ/ / ? / /? / / ? /

双元音 /e?/ /a?/ /??/

/??/ /e?/ /??/

/??/ /a?/

辅音10对

清辅音 [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [?] [?] [ts] [tr] [ t? ]

浊辅音 [b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [e] [?] [dz] [dr] [d? ]

3个鼻音 [m] [n] [?]

3个似拼音 [h] [r] [l]

2个半元音 [w] [j]

有声无气浊辅音，发音特点应掌握。

关于语音的几个概念:

音素: 音的最小单位,英语中有48个音素.

音节: 由元音和辅音构成的发音单位.

元音: 发音响亮,是乐音,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的主要组成部分.英语中有20个元音. 辅音: 发音不响亮,是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音节的重要组成部分,英语中有28个

辅音.

开音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音+不发音e ,这时元音发字母本身的音。如:kite cake name bike make take home plane shine

2)辅音+元音如:he hi go no do be tree three hello

闭音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音 :sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head

2)元音+辅音如: it is of in on up out ant

1 元音:

1) [i:] 字母组合:ee ea e ie

three tree green sheep meet beef see seek eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean piece receive ceiling

2) [i]发音字母 i y e

sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss myth many twenty happy dictionary defect decide delicious

3) [?] 发音字母 a

bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man

4) [e] 字母组合 ea e a

head bread pleasure elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes many any

5) [ε:] 字母组合ir ur ear er or girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger

learn earn earth heard term her nerd serve work worm work world

6) [ε] 字母组合 er or ou ar o a e u

teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder doctor actor mayor author delicious pleasure familiar collar dollar together tomorrow today lesson Washington control around account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan china men listen Saturday

7)[Λ] 发音字母 u o ou oo

8)up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus come mother dose brother love above

9)trouble rough blood flood

10)[u:] 字母组合 oo o u

11)food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth shoe do two true truth blue full prude

12)[?] 字母组合 oo ou u o

13)look good foot book wood should could put full bull pull push woman wolf

14)

15)

16) 10） [?:]字母组合 al or au our ar

17)small wall talk tall hall ball call walk short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store author caught autumn four mourn court bought warm quarrel quarter

11) [?] 发音字母 o a

hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not

want wash watch

12） [a:] 字母组合 ar a

car farm card arm garden

fast class last glass plant aunt calm

13) [ai] 发音字母 i y

bike fine find die nine light night high my try fly eye

14) [au] 字母组合 ou ow

house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse flower down now cow how town

15）[ei] 发音字母 a ay ea ai ey

name cake late gate plane April

play say may way

great break

rain paint plain

they grey

16) [??] 发音字母 o ow oa

home cold go no phone host ghost

know low below grow blow show flow

boat coat goal

17) [??] 字母组合 eer ear

beer deer

ear near

here fierce idea

18) [??] 字母组合our ower

tour

19） [??] 字母组合oy oi

boy toy joy oil soil voice choice

20）[e?] 字母组合ear air ere

pear bear chair air fair there where care

2 容易混淆的元音

[?] [e]

bad bed hand head man men land lend pan pen sad said

[i：] [ei]

real rail greet great mean main read raid

[e] [ai]

bet bite red write said side head hide

[au] [?:]

house horse loud lord south sauce cloud clause now nor count corn [?][Λ]

fan fun tan tun san son tank tun

3辅音

1) [p]pen pear play pig pour pull push

2) [b]book big boot bike bread break

3）[m] man make moon morning move come comb

4）[f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife

cough laugh rough physic photo phone

5）[d] door dull desk dad food land

6) [t] tree two ten ton lent want

7) [n] pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean

8）[l] long land lend lord fly flag black world cold could goal soul

9）[g] girl good goal goat grade long language

10) [k] king kite key look cook book sky (k在s后浊化为g) (发间字母k) card cat cream correct climb come (发音字母c)

fox box x-ray (发音字母x)

school schedule scheme (字母组合ch)

11）[h] hot hop home house horse how who

12)[d?] age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge

joy enjoy join July June junk

13）[t?] child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach

14）[?] sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash

nation attention station

social special

sure

15）

16）[r] read red right run room write

17 [s] six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf (发音字母s) license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate (发音字母c)

piece juice science lance space ace (字母组合ce)

18)[z] zoo zebra zero zap close nose hose suppose pause those whose

19)[?] think thank three thirty tooth mouth

20) [e] that this thos

21）[j] yes year yell you your yolk yellow

22) [?] uncle bank English think thank junk sing king morning evening

23) [v] very evening even every voice vest

24) [w] when what where window wind wood

25) [tr] tree country try treat track trunk

26) [dr] dry dream drop drive drink

27) [ts] students boots boats goats nuts

28) [dz] goods woods moods hoods

4容易混淆的辅音

[v] [w]

vest west vet wet vine wine very well

[s] [?]

sink think mass math miss myth sort sought

[z] [e]

close cloth breeze breathe

[n] [?]

thin thing sin sing ran rang ban bang win wing

5字母，组合音节发音规律

1）a [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

late private grade bake grape nation station page active hand bank fan parent family glad flag accept about above formative machine cinema

fast last glass class past father

wash what watch want

2）e [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

appreciate extremely secret she me he

letter left message generate pebble

decide pretty previous result restore

problem prosperous student confident

active table late wife store lecture

3）i [ ]

high price library ice cream wife size line fist pick chicken piano fiancé city unit

4）o [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

lode host cold note okay old home

lose do who whose prove

love some other mother honey company

today tomorrow together control collect

lost hot mock office soft honest

5）u [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

university refuse unique universe huge

put push pull full bull

but brush bucket duck bubble 58英语学习support suggest

6）c [ ] [ ]

country camp camera courage cable

city ceiling celebrate cell cease

7）g [ ] [ ] [ ]

girl grade glass glade bag flag

village vegetable bridge gentleman gym

long song sing morning evening

8) l [ ]

listen learn language collect English gorilla

world cold soil tall sell cool animal 9) n [ ] [ ]

moon night noodle number

uncle hungry angry young

10) r [ ] [ ]

right read write grade progress

card board door floor form north

11）y [ ] [ ] [ ]

yellow year yell young yolk

university country pretty happy

dyke dying fly buy by my

12）ar [ ] [ ] [ ]

farm card garden mark

dollar

warm quarrel quarter

13) ea [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

cease season breathe feature meat please bread breast breath meadow weather

great break

idea realize

14) ear [ ] [ ]

learn earth earn heard

hear near clear ear fear

15) er [ ] [ ] [ ]

deserve serve her person

teacher driver anger singer

serious experience mysterious fierce

16） ere [ ] [ ]

here mere fere sere

there

17) ir [ ] [ ]

shirt girl skirt

admire desire

18) oo [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

room tool cool moon noon goof food

good foot stood wood wool cook wood book blood flood

door floor

19) or [ ] [ ] [ ]

short form corn born for

work world worm word worst

tractor doctor actor sector senior senator 20) oor [ ] [ ]

door floor

moor poor boor

21) our [ ] [ ]

hour tour flour bourn lour

pour court four mourn

22) ou [ ] [ ] [ ]

house mouth mouse sound found enough trouble touch

delicious gracious prosperous

23) ow [ ] [ ]

window meadow know show low

now town how down cow

24) se [ ] [ ]

nose suppose gose lose pose rose mouse house

25) th [ ] [ ]

thank think thought cloth

clothes that this then than

26) sion [ ] [ ]

tension progression passion provision conclusion television

27) tion [ ] [ ](不常见)

station nation translation attention question