九年级英语全册 Unit 6 When was it invented？知识点总结 (新版)人教新目标版

Unit 6 When was it invented? 【重点单词】

1. project n. 项目，工程；

2. pleasure n. 高兴，愉快；

3. daily adj. 日常的，每日的；

4. mention v. 提到，说到；

5. nearly adv.几乎，差不多；

6. boil v. 煮沸，烧开；

7. remain v. 保持不变；剩余；

8. national adj.国家的，民族的；

9. low adj.低的，矮的；

10. translate v.翻译；11. lock v.锁上；n. 锁；

12. sudden adj. 突然的

13. crispy adj. 脆的；酥脆的；

14. salty adj.咸的；

15. sour adj.酸的，有酸味的；

16. customer n.顾客。

17. Canadian 加拿大的，

18. divide v.分开，分散；

19. hero n英雄，男主角；

20. professional adj. 职业的，专业的；

【重点词组】

1. shoes with special heels 特殊后跟的鞋子

2. hot ice cream scoop 热的冰其淋勺子

3. run on electricity 电动的

4. be used for 被用作

5. the subject for my school project 学校项目的课题

6. our daily lives 我们的日常生活

7. have a point 有点道理

8. by accident 偶然，意外地

9. over the open fire 在火堆上

10. fall into the water 落入水中

11. take place 发生

12. without doubt 毫无疑问

13. at a low price 以一个很低的价格

14. translate the book into different language 把书翻译成不同种的语言

15. all of sudden 突然

16. by mistake 错误地

17. a much-loved and active sport 一个深受喜爱并且积极的运动

18. divide…into 把…分开

19. stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事

20. look up to 钦佩，仰慕

21. the professional basketball groups 职业篮球机构

22. use someone else’s idea 借用其他人的想法

【重点句式】

1. I think the TV was invented before the car. 我认为电视是在轿车之前发明的。

2. ---When was the telephone invented? --- 电话是什么时候发明的？

--I think it was invented in 1876. ---我认为电话是在1876年被发明的。

3. ---What are they used for? ---他们可用来做什么？

---They are used for changing the style of the shoes ---他们可用来改变鞋子的样

式。

4. ---When was the zipper invented? ---拉链是什么时候发明的？

----It was invented in 1893 .--它是在1893年被发明的。

5. ---Who was it invented by? ---它是由谁发明的？

---It was invented by Whitcomb Judson. ---它是被惠特科姆.贾德森发明的。

6. ---When was tea brought to Korea? ---茶是什么时候被带到韩国的？

---It was brought to Korea during the 6th and 7th centuries.

---它是在六至七世纪被带到韩国的。

7. ---What is the hot ice-cream scoop used for? -这个热的冰其淋勺子是用来做什么的？

---It’s used for serving really cold ice-cream ---它是用来提供真正冷的冰其淋。

【重点知识解析】

Section A（1a ~ 2d）

a. 词汇包：

1.invent (v.)发明；创造

invent指发明创造出自然界本来不存在的东西，如工具、方法、手段、汽车、电器、合成材料等。

【备课例句】

Bell invented the telephone. 贝尔发明了电话。

Smith invented a new teaching method. 史密斯发明了一种新的教学方法。

【横向辐射】discover, find, create

1.discover是“发现”的意思，是指发现原来就有而一直没被发现，如发现电、煤、

石油等矿藏及新星、星系或科学真理等。

Columbus discovered America in 1492.1492年哥伦布发现了新大陆。

Recently they have discovered a comet. 最近他们发现了一颗彗星。

2.find的意思是“寻找”，强调找的结果，并不指发现。

I've tried to find another copy but couldn't find one. 我试图再找一本，但

没能弄到。

3.create指有目的地把原材料制成新产品，也指创造出原来不存在的或与众不同的事物。

Man creates himself. 人类创造了自己。

A novelist creates characters and a plot. 小说家塑造人物并设计情节。

【课堂变式】

根据语境提示，用invent, discover，find或create的形式填空，完成句子。

1.When _____ the stream engine（蒸汽机） ___?

2. I can’t ____ my bike, I’m looking for it.

3. Scientists are now trying to ___ if this is possible.

4. Do you know who______ the plane？

5. He ____quite a number of wonderful characters in his play.

【解析】I.1.was, invented 2.find 3.discover 4.invented 5. created

2. be used for 用来做……

此短语中的for是介词，表示用途，后接名词或动词-ing形式。

【备课例句】

An orange is used for medicine. 桔子可以入药。

A pen is used for writing. 钢笔用来写字。

【横向辐射】be used as& be used by

1.be used as 意为“被用作……”，介词as表示“作为”，其后一般接名词，强调使用的工具及手段。

【例句】

English is used as the second language in many countries.

英语在许多国家被当作第二语言使用。

This room is used as their office. 这人房间被用作他们的办公室。

2.be used by 意为“被……使用”，介词by后面接动作的执行者（宾语）。

【例句】

English is used by travelers and business people all over the world.

全世界的旅行者和商人们使用英语。

Tractors are used by the farmers. 农民使用拖拉机。

【课堂变式】

1. 在中国英语作为外语来使用。__________________________________

2.教师用粉笔。__________________________________

3.毛衣是用来保暖的。__________________________________

【解析】

1. English is used as a foreign language in China.

2. Chalk is used by teachers.

3. A sweater is used for keeping warm.

3. pleasure n. 高兴，愉快；

常用于口语中；it’s my pleasure. With pleasure.

【备课例句】

It’s my pleasure to help you look after your pet cat.我感到很荣幸帮你照看你的宠物猫。

【横向辐射】please, pleased, pleasure, pleasant 的区别

一、please

1.表请求或要求的语气。是动词（及物动词）。

-Come in, please.请进来吧。（或Pease come in）

-Sit down, please.请坐。（或Please sit down）

2.表“讨好，讨人喜欢；喜欢”（不及物动词）或者“使···高兴，使···满意，使···喜欢”（及物动词）

-Go where you please.你想去哪就去哪。

-What pleases you best?你最喜欢什么？

二、pleased形容词。表示“高兴的，喜欢的，满意的”。它指的是人主观上感到的满足心理

-I'm pleased to see you!见到你真高兴！

常用句型有：be pleased to do sth.高兴做某事

be pleased at/about/with/by 对···感到满意/高兴

be pleased that从句对···感到满意/高兴

三、pleasant形容词。表示“令人愉快的”“让人感到满意”。主语一般为物。

The walk was very pleasant. 那次散步很（让人）愉快。

四、pleasure名词表示“满足；乐趣；消遣、娱乐”

It's a pleasure to read this book. 读这本书真是件乐事。

【课堂变式】

（1）根据句意，用pleasant, pleased或pleasure填空。

1. I had a ___ time.

2. He will be ___ to help you.

3. Reading gives me great ___.

4. It gives me ___to see you looking happy.

5. We spent a ___ day in the country.

【解析】1.pleasant 2.pleased 3. pleasure 4.pleasure 5. pleasant

（2）I think it is impossible to make everyone______.

A. please

B. pleased

C. pleasant

D. pleasure 【解析】由句意可知，要让每个人高兴是不可能的。pleased表示“高兴的，喜欢的”; 故选B。

b. 句式包：

When was it invented? 它是何时发明的？

本句用于询问某个物品的发明时间，结构为“When + was+某项物品+invented？”，其中was invented是一般过去时的被动语态，其基本结构是“was/were + 过去分词”

【备课例句】

This book was bought yesterday. 这本书是昨天买的。

【横向辐射】几种基本时态的被动语态

1.一般现在时：am/is/are +过去分词

Football is played all over the world. 足球运动遍及全世界。

2.一般过去时：was/were + 过去分词

This book was bought yesterday. 这本书是昨天买的。

3.一般将来时：will be +过去分词

The class meeting will be held tomorrow. 班会将在明天开。

4.现在进行时：am/is/are +being +过去分词

Our teaching building is being built now. 我们的教学楼正在兴建中。

5.过去进行时：was/were + being +过去分词

The bus wasn’t being repaired by me then. 那时这辆车不是由我修的。

6.现在完成时：have/has + been +过去分词

The work has been finished by them. 这项工作已经被他们做完了。

【课堂变式】

1.We ____not to play computer games.

A. are told

B. have told

C. told

D. tell 【解析】tell sb. not to do sth.意为“告诉某人不要做某事”，这里的主语we是tell 这个动作的承受者，故应用被动语态，应选Ａ。

2.—Will you come to the dinner party?—I won’t come unless Jenny ______.

A. will be invited

B. can be invited

C. invited

D. is invited

【解析】在unless引导的条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时来表示将来。根据句意“如果詹妮没有得到邀请，我就不会来。”确定选Ｄ。

3. I’m sorry you can’t go in now. The room _____ yet.

A. hasn’t been clean ed

B. hasn’t cleaned

C. isn’t been cleaned

D. isn’t being cleaned

【解析】由I’m sorry you c an’t go in now.可知房间还没有打扫，再加上the room 是clean这个动作的承受者，应用现在完成时的被动语态，故选Ａ。

4.A talk on science _____ in our school next Monday.

A. will give

B. will be given

C. has given

D. has been given 【解析】主语A talk 是动词give的承受者，应用被动语态。再根据next Monday 确定用一般将来时，故选Ｂ。

Section A（3a ~ 3c）

a. 词汇包：

1.remain (v.) 保持；剩余；残余

remain意为“停留，留下”，相当于stay。“呆在那里”可以说remain / stay there，但“呆在家里”只能说stay (at) home。

【备课例句】

She remains in the house all these days. 她这些天一直呆在那栋房子里。

They all wished us to remain. 他们都希望我们留下来。

【横向辐射】remain作连系动词

remain用作连系动词，意为“保持(某种状态)，继续存在，仍旧是”，后面接形容词，名词，分词，不定式或介词短语。

【例句】

She remained sitting when they came in．他们进来时，她仍然坐着(没有站起来)。Peter became a manager but John remained a worker.

彼得当上了经理,但约翰仍然是一个工人。

Whatever great progress you have made, you should remain modest.

无论你取得了多么大的进步,你都应一直保持谦虚。

This remains to be proved. 这有待证实。(将来被动动作)

Whether it will do us good remains to be seen. 这是否对我们有好处,还要看一看。【课堂变式】

The leaves ____in the water for a long time.

A. came

B. remained

C. lived

D. arrived

【解析】根据for a long time可知是指树叶在水中停留了很长时间，正确答案是B。

2. by accident偶然地；意外地

【备课例句】

He made this mistake by accident.他犯这个错误纯属偶然。

【课堂变式】

She found her keys _____when she cleaned her room after she lost them two weeks

ago.

A. with mistake

B. in this way

C. by accident

D. with pleasure 【解析】由when she cleaned her room after she lost them two weeks ago可知她是

偶然地找到了她丢失的钥匙，正确答案是C。

b. 句式包：

1.In England, tea didn’t appear until around 1660.在英国，茶直到1660年才出现。此句是由until引导的时间状语从句。not.. until 意为“只到…才…”。

【备课例句】

She didn’t leave until I felt better.只到我感觉好点了，她才离开。

【横向辐射】until的用法

until常用作介词或连词，用来引导介词短语或从句在句子中作时间状语。

1. 在肯定句中，until与延续性、持续性动词连用，表示“直到……为止”。

I worked until late in the afternoon. 我一直干到下午很晚的时候。

2. 在否定句中，until常与瞬间动词、短暂性动词连用，表示“直到……才……”，“不到……不……”。

The rain didn’t stop until midnight.雨直到半夜才停。

I won’t leave until you promise to help me. 你不答应帮助我，我不会离开。

【课堂变式】

—How was your climbing Mount. Huang?

—I didn’t believe I could do it ______I got to the top.

A. until

B. while

C. after

D. and

【解析】考查连词用法。not…until…直到……才……。根据句意“直到我爬到山顶我才相信我能做到”可知选A。

Section B（1a ~ 1e）

a. 词汇包：

by mistake 错误地

by mistake 是介词短语，意为“错误地；无意地；不小心地”，指由于错误的判断而千百万的失误，常在句中作状语。

【备课例句】

I took your bag instead of mine by mistake. 我错拿了你的手提包，还以为是我的呢。Susan forgot her key and locked herself out by mistake. 苏珊忘了带钥匙，误把自己关在门外了。

【横向辐射】mistake...for…

mistake...for…把……错认为, 错把……当作

She mistook him for the professor.她把他错当作教授了。

【课堂变式】

—I’m sorry I’ve taken your dictionary ____ because they have the same colour. —It doesn’t matter.

A. at once

B. by mistake

C. in general

D. as well

【解析】由because they have the same colour可知是错拿了词典，正确答案是B。

b. 句式包：

1.George wanted to make the customer happy. 乔治想让顾客开心。

句中的make意为“使得”，happy是形容词，作宾语you的补足语，对宾语起补充说明作用，常用的结构为“make＋名词/代词＋形容词”。

【备课例句】

The bad news makes her sad. 那个坏消息使得她伤心不已。

A boy broke the window. It made the headmaster angry.

一个孩子打碎了玻璃。这使得校长很生气。

【温馨提示】

当宾语是不定式短语或从句时，多用it作形式宾语。

I made it a condition that everybody must be on time. 我提出一个条件，人人都要准时。

The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out. 大雨使得我们无法出去。

【横向辐射】make的其他相关句式

1.“make＋宾语＋n”意为‘使/让某人 / 某物(成为)……”。

【例句】

We made him captain of our football team. 我们推选他作我们足球队队长。

We made him our monitor. 我们选他当班长。

2.“make＋宾语＋do sth”意为“使某人做某事”。在被动语态中，此类结构中省略的动词不定式 to 要还原。

【例句】

Our teacher makes us feel more confident. 老师使得我们感到更自信了。

The boy was made to work twelve hours a day. 这个男孩被迫每天干十二个小时的活。【课堂变式】

What do you think her ?

A. make; sad

B. makes; sadly

C. made; sad

D. made; sadly 【解析】what 作主语时，谓语动词要用第三要称单数形式，可排除A。再根据“make + sb. / sth. + adj.”确定选C。sadly是副词形式。

Section B（2a ~ 2e）

a.词汇包

1. 1.divide (v.) 分开；划分

divide …into 意为“把……划分为……”，be divided into 意为“划分为”。

【备课例句】

This class is too large; we shall have to divide it for oral practice.

这个班级太大,我们必须把它分成小班作口语练习。

This river divides at its mouth. 这条河在河口处分岔。

His lecture divides into three parts.他的演讲分三部分。

Let's divide ourselves into several groups. 我们分成几个小组吧。

【课堂变式】

We have d____ ourselves into three groups since this term.

【解析】自从本学期开始就已经把我们自己分成了三个组。have在此是助动词，空格处要填过去分词，再根据divide …into…确定填divided。

b. 句式包：

It is believed that the first basketball game in history was played on December

21st, 1891,. 人们认为1891年12月21日是历史上的第一次篮球比赛的日子。

本句中的It is believed that... 相当于people believe that...是“人们相信/认为“的意思，that引导的是主语从句。

It is believed that by the year 2010, the population of the world will be seven billion.(=People believe that by the year 2010, the population of the world will be seven billion.)

人们都认为到2010年，世界人口将达到七十亿。

【横向辐射】类似的结构：

It is reported that… 据报道……

It is supposed/thought that… 人们认为……

It’s known that…众所周知……

【课堂变式】

我不知道这所学校，但据说是非常好的一所学校。

I don’t know the school, but _____it is quite a good one.

【解析】it is said that

【语法解析】主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换

We visited that factory last summer →主动语态

That factory was visited by us last summer →被动语态

主语谓语宾语状语

二、被动语态的用法

1.什么情况下用被动语态？

（1）当我们不知道或没有必要说出动作的发生者是谁时，通常用被动语态。这种情况下，句子中不带由by 引起的短语。例如:

The book is written for children. 这书是为孩子写的。

（2）当动作的承受者是谈话的中心时通常用被动语态。这时可以带by 短语。

This pen was given to me by Tom.这支笔是汤姆给我的。

（3）无必要或不愿说出动作的发出者。这种情况通常是出于礼貌方面的考虑。

Smoking is not allowed here.这儿禁止吸烟。

2.怎样变主动语态为被动语态

把主动语态变为被动语态，可分作三步进行:

第一步:找出主动句的宾语，把它作为被动句的主语。

第二步:将谓语动词的主动语态变为被动语态（助动词be+及物动词的过去分词）。变为被动语态时，时态不要变化。

第三步:将原主动语态的主语（若是人称代词，须变为宾格）放在介词by 后边组成by 短语，放到句子的后边。如果我们没有必要说出动作的发出者，by 短语则可以不要。例如: 主动语态)

His brother is often helped by him.（被动语态）

【被动语态中考真题大练兵】

1. —Would you please tell Miss Li that she as a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic Games?

—Of course. I will tell her tomorrow.

A. choose

B. chose

C. has chosen

D. is chosen

2. We not to play computer games.

A. are told

B. have told

C. told

D. tell

3. —Could you tell me whom the radio by?—Sorry. I have no idea.

A. invents

B. invented

C. is invented

D. was invented

4. -Your hometown has changed a lot.

—Yes. Take a look at these tall buildings. They last year.

A. build

B. built

C. was built

D. were built

5. —Did you go to Kang Kang’s birthday?—No, I .

A. wasn’t invited

B. didn’t invite

C. am not invited

6. An English speech to the children tomorrow.

A. is given

B. has been given

C. will be given

7. 根据汉语意思完成英语句子：

丢失的部件在船拖出水后被找到了。

The lost parts after the ship was of the water.

8. She used the knife to cut the fruit a moment ago.（改为被动语态）

The knife to cut the fruit by her a moment ago.

9. I sent a letter to you last month.（改为被动语态）

A letter to you last month.

10. 用括号内动词的适当形式填空：

The dog （train）to understand different instructions for two years. 答案：

1~6 DADDAC

7. were found; pulled out 8. was used 9. was sent 10. has been trained