四级真题阅读长难句分析

真题阅读长难句分析

1. Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to find.

2. Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren’t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you’re doing and what your customers are used to,”he says.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5814191505.html,st year the influential trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young green entrepreneurs (企业家) who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gave special recognition to designers whose collections are at least 25% sustainable.

4. This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buy transitional (过渡型的) cotton at higher prices, thus helping to expand the supply of a key sustainable material.

5. Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand (缕) of hair, a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims.

6. Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake.

7. He had a perfect résuméand gave good responses to her questions, but the fact that he never looked her in the eye said “untrustworthy,”so she decided to offer the job to her second choice.

8. When we begin to question our assumptions and challenge what we think we have learned from our past, from the media, peers, family, friends, etc., we begin to realize that some of our conclusions are flawed (有缺陷的) or contrary to our fundamental values. 9. We need to train ourselves to think differently, shift our mindsets and realize that diversity opens doors for all of us, creating opportunities in organizations and communities that benefit everyone.

10. They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think, ‘Geez, if it could happen to him, …

11.He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups.

12. Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, relatives, coworkers, strangers —and anyone who will listen.

13. This guidance eliminated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly, and avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space.

14.Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filling complaints to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world.

15. A code of conduct is hard to create when you’re living in a world in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep, and a world in which nice people are perceived to finish last.

16. This jumping to our children’s defence is part of what fuels the “walking on eggshells”feeling that surrounds our dealings with other people’s children.

17. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you’ll die on average five years before a woman.

18. Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man who had delayed doing anything about his smoker’s cough for a year.

19.Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide to frequent their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by Verde Group and Wharton School.

20. “Retailers who’re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren’t so friendly,”said Professor Stephen Hoch.

21. But the real truth is that we don’t know enough to relieve global warming, and —without major technological breakthroughs —we can’t do much about it.

22. We need economic growth unless we condemn the world’s poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else’s living standards.

23. The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it’s really an engineering one.

24. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen —the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked.

25. Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that it’s important to reveal yourself to friends, family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times.

26. Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths (收费站) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements.

27. Privacy economist Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will surrender personal information like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon (优惠券).

28. When you consider that nearly three out of four Americans have seen the game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? you can understand the power of television to communicate with a large audience.

29.Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but —regardless of whether it is or isn’t —we won’t do much about it.

30. Al Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient truth”, as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution.

31. The digital bread crumbs(碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like.

32.Only when it’s gone do you wish you’ve done more to protect it.

33. But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability.

34. Objections from American university and business leaders led to improvements in the process and a reversal of the decline, but the United States is still seen by many as unwelcoming to international students.

35. In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy, universities have become more self-consciously global: seeking students from around the world who represent the entire range of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to prepare them for global careers, offering courses of study that address the challenges of an interconnected world and collaborative (合作的) research programs to advance science for the benefit of all humanity.

36.Yale professor and Harvard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a research center focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghai’s Fudan University in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools.

37. In the wake of September 11, changes in the visa process caused a dramatic decline in the number of foreign students seeking admission to U.S. universities, and a corresponding surge in enrollments in Australia, Singapore and the U.K.

38. While the kinds of instruction offered in these programs will differ, DL usually signifies a course in which the instructors post syllabi (课程大纲), reading assignments, and schedules on Websites, and students send in their assignments by e-mail

39.Telling myself that I was merely an experienced writer guiding the young writer across the hall, I offered suggestions for characters, conflicts and endings for her tales.

40. While stepping back was difficult for me, it was certainly a good first step that I will quickly follow with more steps, putting myself far enough away to give her room but close enough to help if asked.

41. Not only do we evaluate the cause of the pain, which can help us treat the pain better, but we also help provide comprehensive therapy for depression and other psychological and social issues related to chronic pain.

42. Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become my reply to any and all provocations: I don’t talk about that anymore.

43. The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls “free writing.”

44. While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so.

45. Unlike physical energy, which is limited and diminishes with age, emotional energy is unlimited and has nothing to do with genes or upbringings.

46. “Wellness”may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can strive for.

47. If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting (稍纵即逝的) thought, the thought will die.

48. Regardless of how it’s sold, the popularity of bottled water taps into our desire for better health, our wish to appear cultivated, and even a longing for lost purity.

49. According to an article in The Wall Street Journal, some of the more shameless tactics include placing attractive bottles on the table for a visual sell, listing brands on the menu without prices, and pouring bottled water without even asking the diners if they want it.

50. Built with safety in mind, the highways have wide lanes and shoulders, dividing medians or barriers, long entry and exit lanes, curves engineered for safe turns, and limited access.

51. But since water is much cheaper than wine, and many of the fancier brands aren’t available in stores, most diners don’t notice or care.

52. He must use the sounds of speech to identify the words spoken, understand the pattern of organization of the words (sentences), and finally interpret the meaning.

53. Perhaps it was the extreme contrast with Japanese society that prompted American firms to pay more attention to women buyers.

54. As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease —especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking and failure to exercise.

55. Reaching new peaks of popularity in North America is Iceberg Water, which is harvested from icebergs off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada.

56. Ultimately, however, our basic design strategy is focused not simply on being “less bad”but on creating completely healthful materials that can be either safely returned to the soil or reused by industry again and again.

57. As you sleep you pass through a sequence of sleep states —light sleep, deep sleep and REM (rapid eye movement) sleep —that repeats approximately every 90 minutes.

58.You program the clock with the latest time at which you want to be wakened, and it then duly(适时地) wakes you during the last light sleep phase before that.

59. Home builders can now use materials —such as paints that release significantly reduced amounts of organic compounds —that don’t destroy the quality of the air, water, or soil.

60. We’re giving people high-quality, healthful products and an opportunity to make choices that have a beneficial effect on the world.

61. When we designed America’s first so-called “green”office building in New York two decades ago, we felt very alone.

62. The “energy-efficient”sealed commercial buildings constructed after the 1970s energy crisis revealed indoor air quality problems caused by materials such as paint, wall covering and carpet.

63. So for 20 years, we’ve been focusing on these materials down to the molecules, looking for ways to make them safe for people and the planet.

64. “As sleep-deprived people ourselves, we started thinking of what to do about it,” says Eric Shashoua, a recent college graduate and now chief executive officer of Axon Sleep

Research Laboratories, a company created by the students to develop their idea.

65. The headband equipped with electrodes and microprocessor measures the electrical activity of the wearer’s brain, in much the same way as some machines used for medical and research purposes and communicates wirelessly with a clock unit near the bed.

66. Interest in pursuing international careers has soared in recent years, enhanced by chronic(长久的) personnel shortages that are causing companies to search beyond their home borders for talent.

67. Variables included the slope of the land, the ability of the pavement to support the load, the intensity of road use and the nature of the underlying soil.

68. Long-span, segmented-concrete, cable-stayed bridges such as Hale Boggs in Louisiana and the Sunshine Skyway in Florida, and remarkable tunnels like Fort McHenry in Maryland and Mt. Baker in Washington, met many of the nation’s physical challenges.

69. Not only has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping routes, it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations, motels, restaurants, and shopping centers.

70. An educated mother, on the other hand, has greater earning abilities outside the home and faces an entirely different set of choices.

71. His results, to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists.

72. And economics, with its emphasis on incentives，provides guideposts that point to an explanation for why so many girls are deprived of an education.

73. Many in-home jobs that used to be done primarily by women —ranging from family shopping to preparing meals to doing voluntary work —still need to be done by someone.

74. In fact, New York’s municipal water for more than a century was called the champagne of tap water and until recently considered among the best in the world in terms of both taste and purity.

75. Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and are kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school —the prophecy(预言) becomes self-fulfilling, trapping women in a vicious circle(恶性循环) of neglect.

76. It starts in the Pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by

a failure in the trade winds(信风), which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds.

77. A government study recommended a national highway system of 33,920 miles, and Congress soon passed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944, which called strict, centrally controlled design criteria.

78. Traffic control systems and methods of construction developed under the interstate program soon influenced highway construction around the world, and were invaluable in improving the condition of urban streets and traffic patterns.

79. By opening the North American continent, highways have enabled consumer goods and services to reach people in remote and rural areas of the country, spurred the growth of suburbs, and provided people with greater options in terms of jobs, access to cultural programs, health care, and other benefits.

80. The technological advances made it possible for the middle classes to enjoy what had once been affordable only to the very rich.

81. The clock, called Sleep Smart, measures your sleep cycle, and waits for you to be in your lightest phase of sleep before rousing you.

82. The point in that sleep cycle at which you wake can affect how you feel later, and may even have a greater impact than how much or little you have slept.

83. While she awaits the outcome, the government has granted her permission to work here and she has returned to her job at Ben&Jerry’s.

84. Modern cars are far tougher to steal, as their engine management computer won’t allow them to start unless they receives a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition(点火) key.

85. The first study to compare honesty across a range of communications media has found that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails.

86. As the trade winds lessen in strength, the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5℃.

87. The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has been hailed as one of the greatest public works projects of the century.

88. He says it would only take him a few minutes to teach a person how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools.

89. But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time.

90. If you are submitting your resume in English, find out if the recipient(收件人) uses British English or American English because there are variations between the two versions.

91. I wondered what I would do if confronted with a real midair medical emergency without access to a hospital staff and the usual emergency equipment.

92. Thanks to more recent legislation, flights with at least one attendant are starting to install emergency medical kits to treat heart attacks.

93. The logo, along with the company’s long-held marketing image of the “irresistibility”of its chips, would help facilitate the company’s global expansion.

94. The executives acknowledge that they try to swing national eating habits to a food created in America, but they deny that amounts to economic imperialism.

95. While there’s no question that continuous stress is harmful, several studies suggest that challenging situations in which you’re able to rise to the occasion can be good for you.

思考类动词总结

Think/assume/conceive/conclude/expect/

determine/hold/judge/presume/reckon/see/

sense/suppose/comprehend/consider/deduce

infer/deliberate/evaluate/examine/meditate/

mull/mull over/muse/ponder/rationalize/

reason/reflect/resolve/ruminate/speculate/

study/turn over/weigh/contemplate/convey

重要的；显著的

important/valuable/substantial/big/considerable/

critical/crucial/decisive/earnest/exceptional/marked

meaningful/momentous/paramount/salient/significant/weighty

eminent/influential/outstanding/distinctive/esteemed/grand

honored/illustrious/leading/majestic/notable/powerful

prominent/remarkable/solid/superior/conspicuous

增加/发展increase/develop/enlarge/expand/grow/raise

advance/aggrandize/amplify/augment/boost/

broaden/enhance/enlarge/escalate/extend

further/heighten/inflate/magnify/mount

progress/proliferate/spread/swell/widen

96. As a physician who travels quite a lot, I spend a lot of time on planes listening for that dreaded “Is there a doctor on board?”announcement. (2005年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为I spend a lot time。介词as意为“作为，当作”，后接名词作状语。who 引导定语从句，修饰physician，who在从句中作主语。“Is there a doctor on board?”是announcement 的定语，说明具体内容。【译文】作为一名医生，我去过不少地方，在飞机上我多次听过令人担忧的“哪位乘客是医生?”的通知。

97.

Facing their children’s complaints of “nothing to do”, parents were shelling out large numbers of dollars for various forms of entertainment. (2005年12月)

【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为parents were shelling out dollars。facing their children’s complaints of “nothing to do”是现在分词短语作原因状语。

【译文】面对孩子们“无事可做”的抱怨，家长们不惜大把掏钱，让孩子们参加各种各样的娱乐活动。

98.

In communities north of Denver, residents are pitching in to help teachers and administrators as the Vrain School District tries to solve a $13.8 million budget shortage blamed on mismanagement. (2005年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句。主句为residents are pitching in to help teachers and administrators。as 引导时间状语从句，译作“当……时候”。blamed on mismanagement 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰shortage。

【译文】当Vrain 校区设法解决因管理不善而造成的1380万美元预算短缺的时候，多佛市北部社区的居民们都赶来热心地帮助学校教师和行政人员。

99.

“Humans should not try to avoid stress any more than they would shun food, love or exercise，”said Dr. Hans Selye, the first physician to document the effects of stress on the body. (2005年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句。主句为“Humans should not…love or exercise,”said Dr. Hans Selye。not…any more than 意为“和……一样不。than they would shun food, love or exercise 是比较状语从句。the first physician to…stress on the body是Dr. Hans Selye的同位语。

【译文】Hans Selye 医生说：“就像不躲避食物、爱情或锻炼一样，人们也不应该力图躲避压力，”他是第一位将压力对人体的影响记录下来的医生。

100.

In a 2001 study of 158 hospital nurses, those who faced considerable work demands but coped with the challenge were more likely to say they were in good health than those who felt they couldn’t get the job done. (2005年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为those were more likely to say…than those。两个who都引导定语从句，都修饰those，但两个those 指代的内容并不一样。they were in good health 是say 的宾语。more likely…than 构成比较状语结构, 意为“比……更有可能”。than引导比较状语从句，省略从句谓语。

【译文】2001年对158名护士进行的一项研究指出，那些工作量大却能应对挑战的护士比那些认为自己无法完成任务的护士更容易感到自己身体状况良好.

英语四级阅读真题长难句解析18

英语四级阅读真题长难句解析18 86. As the trade winds lessen in strength, the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5℃. (2006年6月) 【分析】本句为复合句。主句为the ocean temperatures rise。as 引导时间状语从句。现在分词短语causing…作伴随状语。as much as是比较结构，意为“和……一样”。 【译文】随着信风强度的减弱，海洋温度升高，导致了秘鲁寒流从东部流入，温度上升了5摄氏度。 87. The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has been hailed as one of the greatest public works projects of the century. (2006年6月) 【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为The system was launched and has been hailed。介词as 在这里意为“作为，当作”。 【译文】州际公路体系最终在1956年开建，并被称道为那个世纪最伟大的工程之一。 88. He says it would only take him a few minutes to teach a person how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools. (2006年6月)

历年考研英语真题长难句解析

历年考研英语真题长难句解析 考研英语试卷中，阅读理解和翻译共有50分，占到了全卷分数的半壁江山。毫不夸张地说，把这两部分做好，在英语考试中取得理想的成绩便不再是奢望。那么怎么样才能做好这一部分的试题呢？关键要通过大量的练习，增强阅读英文句子，尤其是其中长难句的能力。长难句一般是指结构复杂难以理解的句子，也有一些其实结构并不复杂，但因为句子很长也很容易让人困惑。长难句出现不多，但是常常大大增加我们理解的难度，成为我们获取高分的拦路虎. 下面就近八年来考研试题中阅读理解和翻译中出现的长难句都列出来，分析它们的结构，指出其中的考查难点，并对如何恰当翻译它们给出建议,，希望大家能从中得到一些启发。 1. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, (an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business). 句子主干：Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased …shareholders as a class, (which was) an element… 语法难点：本句是典型的非限定性定语从句，难点在其主语和宾语都有较长的短语和of 结构限定，并且分句是由两个and相连的3个部分组成的。分句an element…landowners 又带有两个定语从句，一个是(which was) representing…, 另一个是(which was) detached…。 可见，定语从句的难点在于经常省略引导词+be的结构，从而在理解上容易和分词结构相混淆。 句子翻译：对资本和企业的这种大规模的非个人操纵大大增加了股东作为一个阶级的数量和重要性。这个阶层作为国计民生的一部分，代表了非个人责任的财富与土地及土地所有者应尽义务的分离，而且也几乎与责任管理相分离。 翻译技巧：实际上定语从句并不符合汉语的使用习惯。所以翻译时遇上定语从句，一定不要机械地按照原来的顺序生搬硬套。像这样分句较长的情况，把主句和分句拆为两句是比较好的方法。所以这里从这个阶层开始另起一句。 2. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastboune sprang up to house large, comfortable classes( who had retired on their incomes,and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders’meeting to dictate their orders to the management.) 句子主干：Towns…sprang up…classes who…, and who… 语法难点： 1)有并列从句。分析句子主干很容易看到这也是一个典型的定语从句结构，分句由who…, and who…两个并列结构组成。注意like并不是谓语而是介词短语作定语，真正的主句谓语是sprang of.retire on指依靠什么而退休（多跟表收入的名词）. 2) that of drawing dividends 结构中，draw是收取的意思，dividend指红利，that of sth结构是名词性的，that of sth相当于which is结构，目的都是修饰前面的名词。注意后面还有attending…是省略了which were的定语从句，把of sth结构和定语从句交替使用是英语中长难句的惯用手法，目的是避免行文的单调，考生朋友们要注意分辨。 句子翻译：像Bournemouth和Eastboune这样的城市兴起了，大批隐退的享乐阶层人士

英语四级真题阅读长难句分析(3)

1. The notion that learning should have in it an element of inspired play would seem to the greater part of the academic establishment merely silly, but that is nonetheless the case. (2003. 阅读. 6. Text 2) 【译文】学习中应该包括具有启发性的娱乐这一观点对于大部分学术机构而言似乎是愚蠢的，但事实的确如此。 【析句】本例句的难点在于寻找主句的主干。很明显，主句由but连接两个并列句组成，but 后的句子that is nonetheless the case是简单句。but前的句子主句是the notion would seem merely silly to the greater part of the academic establishment，to在这里作介词，这一介宾结构提前放在了谓语动词seem后，容易让人误以为是短语seem to的用法，结果导致理解失误。最后主句主语the notion有that引导的定语从句修饰。 2. Already the public agencies for adult education are swamped by the tide that has swept over them since depression began. (200 3. 阅读. 6. Text 3) 【译文】从事成人教育的公共机构已经因为经济萧条开始以来席卷全国的趋势而陷入困境。【析句】例句2的句子结构并不复杂，主句the public agencies for adult education are swamped by the tide, that has swept over them...作定语从句修饰the tide, 而定语从句中，又有since引导的时间状语从句，这个时间是修饰swept over这个动作的。 3. A new high-performance contact lens under development at the department for applied physics at the University of Heidelberg will not only correct ordinary vision defects but will enhance normal night vision as much as five times, making people's vision sharper than that of cats. (2003. 阅读. 6. Text 4) 【译文】海德堡大学应用物理系正在研究的高水平新型隐形眼镜不仅能矫正普通的视力问题，还能把正常夜间视力提高五倍，使人的视力比猫还要敏锐。 【析句】复合句。主句是A new high-performance contact lens will not only correct ordinary vision defects but will enhance normal night vision, 可以看出，主句的主干是not only...but(also)结构连接前后两个并列句，contanct lens后有几个介词短语点明了研究的地点。最后，making people's vision...是现在分词引导结果状语。

英语四级四级长难句

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讨，因为它会帮助人们看清现代知识的真实情况。 2.It was mostly he who talked and he seemed afraid to stop for fear she’d ask him to leave her by herself. 要点：这是一个由and连接的并列复合句。And前面的句子是强调句，强调的成分是he。for fear(that)=in order that…should not happen意为“生怕，以免”，to leave her by herself=to leave her alone。 参考译文：大部分时间都是她在讲话。她似乎害怕停下来，生怕话一停，她就会请她离开。 Exercise : 1. If you are a man,you can point out that most poets and men of science are male;if you are a woman,you can retort that so are most criminals. 要点：这是一个句型结构十分对称的并列复合句。“so are most criminals”是倒装结构，most

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